Changes in antral follicle dynamics following weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Question: Does weight loss from a hypocaloric dietary intervention improve antral follicle dynamics in women with PCOS?

Summary Answer: During a 3-month hypocaloric dietary intervention, women with PCOS who experienced clinically meaningful weight loss showed more organized antral follicle development including fewer recruitment events, but no change in the overall frequency of selection, dominance, or ovulation.

What Is Known Already: There is a spectrum of disordered antral follicle development in women with PCOS including excessive follicle recruitment and turnover, decreased frequency of selection and dominance, and failure of ovulation. Lifestyle intervention aimed at weight loss is recommended to improve metabolic health in women with PCOS yet benefits on ovarian follicle development and ovulation are unclear.

PASS-01: Randomized Phase II Trial of Modified FOLFIRINOX Versus Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel and Molecular Correlatives for Previously Untreated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.

Purpose: To assess modified folinic acid/leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX; mFFX) versus gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (GnP) in de novo metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and explore predictive biomarkers.

Patients And Methods: Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to mFFX or GnP with exclusion of germline pathogenic variants in or . The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) between arms with 0.

First Sub-MeV Dark Matter Search with the QROCODILE Experiment Using Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.

We present the first results from the Quantum Resolution-Optimized Cryogenic Observatory for Dark matter Incident at Low Energy (QROCODILE). The QROCODILE experiment uses a microwire-based superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) as a target and sensor for dark matter scattering and absorption, and is sensitive to energy deposits as low as 0.11 eV.

Reactive Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Collision-Induced Dissociation of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid Ions.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been gaining increasing focus in a variety of applications including emerging electric-propulsion concepts. A quantitative understanding of how IL ions fragment during high-energy collisions with background gases is therefore essential for interpreting mass spectra, predicting ion lifetimes in plasma and vacuum environments, and designing IL-based technologies. This work uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a reactive force field to numerically model the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of isolated ions (both positive and negative) and ion clusters (2:1 and 1:2 clusters) of the prototypical ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF), colliding with a nitrogen (N) molecule, exploring all possible fragmentation channels arising from the breaking of both ionic and covalent bonds at collision energies ranging from 10 electron volts (eV) to 100 electron volts (eV) in the laboratory frame.

Genomic characterization of normal and aberrant human milk production.

Breastfeeding is essential for reducing infant morbidity and mortality, yet exclusive breastfeeding rates remain low, often because of insufficient milk production. The molecular causes of low milk production are not well understood. Fresh milk samples from 30 lactating individuals, classified by milk production levels across postpartum stages, were analyzed using genomic and microbiome techniques.

Evidence for Similar Collectivity of High Transverse-Momentum Particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb Collisions.

Charged hadron elliptic anisotropies (v_{2}) are presented over a wide transverse momentum (p_{T}) range for proton-lead (pPb) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 8.16 and 5.02 TeV, respectively.

Outcomes of no-touch vs conventionally harvested saphenous veins for coronary artery bypass surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objectives: The no-touch (NT) technique for saphenous vein (SV) harvesting in coronary artery bypass surgery preserves perivascular tissue and has been proposed to improve vein graft patency compared to conventional (CON) harvesting. However, recent large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have reported conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis of all available RCTs comparing graft patency and clinical outcomes between NT-SV and CON-SV harvesting techniques.

One- versus two-stent stenting strategies in coronary bifurcation lesions.

Objectives: Additional studies are needed on the follow-up outcomes of 1- vs 2-stent techniques in bifurcation percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

Methods: The authors examined the angiographic and procedural characteristics, and outcomes of 1306 bifurcation PCIs (1139 patients) performed at 6 centers between 2014 and 2024 from the PROGRESS-BIFURCATION registry.

Results: Upfront 1-stent PCI (96.

Process Rounds to Elevate Psychological Skills in Palliative Care.

A half-day workshop improved palliative care clinicians' ability to integrate psychological concepts into serious illness communication but created demand for longitudinal learning. To pilot "Process Rounds," a four-session, case-based, adapted psychotherapeutic supervision group reinforcing formulation, countertransference, and mindful intervention. Workshop graduates from four cohorts were invited; 25/143 enrolled.

Approach to the Postmarket Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Technologies.

Importance: Consumer wearable technologies have wide applications, including some that have US Food and Drug Administration clearance for health-related notifications. While wearable technologies may have premarket testing, validation, and safety evaluation as part of a regulatory authorization process, information on their postmarket use remains limited. The Stanford Center for Digital Health organized 2 pan-stakeholder think tank meetings to develop an organizing concept for empirical research on the postmarket evaluation of consumer-facing wearables.

Biparametric vs Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: The PRIME Diagnostic Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without prostate biopsy, has become the standard of care for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. Resource capacity limits widespread adoption. Biparametric MRI, which omits the gadolinium contrast sequence, is a shorter and cheaper alternative offering time-saving capacity gains for health systems globally.

From Gut Inflammation to Cardiovascular Conflagration: Mapping IBD's Cardiometabolic Risks.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to characterize the known cardiovascular (CV) manifestations associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the underlying mechanisms driving these associations.

Recent Findings: Gut dysbiosis, a hallmark of patients with IBD, can result in both local and systemic inflammation, thereby potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the IBD population. Micronutrient deficiencies, anemia, and sarcopenia independently increase the risk of CVD and are frequent comorbidities of patients with IBD.

Influence of biologic sex and obesity on liver recurrence and survival in patients undergoing upfront surgery for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: The influence of obesity and sex on outcomes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. The association between obesity (body mass index [BMI], ≥30) and biologic sex (male or female) for outcomes in patients with PDAC undergoing a surgery-first approach was investigated.

Methods: A prospectively maintained pancreatic cancer database at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was queried to identify all patients undergoing surgery with a pathologic diagnosis of PDAC.

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Tobacco treatment in the context of lung cancer screening.

Tobacco use is the primary contributor to disease and death in the United States, and cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. Safe and effective treatments for tobacco dependence exist; however, access to and use of tobacco treatment remains low. The most recent Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services National Coverage Determination requires a shared decision-making visit for lung cancer screening that includes counseling on the importance of maintaining cigarette smoking abstinence if a person formerly smoked; or the importance of smoking cessation if a person currently smokes and, if appropriate, furnishing of information about tobacco-cessation interventions.

Microautophagy: definition, classification, and the complexity of the underlying mechanisms.

Recently, rapid progress in the field of microautophagy (MI-autophagy) revealed the existence of multiple subtypes that differ in both intracellular membrane dynamics and molecular mechanisms. As a result, a single umbrella term "microautophagy" has become too vague, even creating some confusion among researchers both within and outside the field. We herein describe different subtypes of MI-autophagic processes and propose a systematic approach for naming them more accurately.

The energy landscape of folding in n-C14H30 described by a machine-learned potential.

Folding and unfolding in molecules as simple as short hydrocarbons and as complicated as large proteins continue to be an active research field. Here, we investigate folding in n-C14H30 using both density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP calculations of 27 772 local minima and a kinetic transition network calculated for a previously reported potential energy surface (PES) obtained by fitting roughly 250 000 B3LYP energies. In addition to generating a database of minima and the transition states that connect them, these calculations and the PES based on them have been used to develop a simple and accurate model for the energy landscape.

Signatures of selective sweeps in continuous-space populations.

Selective sweeps describe the process by which an adaptive mutation arises and rapidly fixes in the population, thereby removing genetic variation in its genomic vicinity. The expected signatures of selective sweeps are relatively well understood in panmictic population models, yet natural populations often extend across larger geographic ranges where individuals are more likely to mate with those born nearby. To investigate how such spatial population structure can affect sweep dynamics and signatures, we simulated selective sweeps in populations inhabiting a two-dimensional continuous landscape.

Toward Health Equity: A Workshop Report on the State of the Science of Obesity Interventions for Adults.

Objective: From October 18-20, 2022, the National Institutes of Health held a workshop to examine the state of the science concerning obesity interventions in adults to promote health equity. The workshop had three objectives: (1) Convene experts from key institutions and the community to identify gaps in knowledge and opportunities to address obesity, (2) generate recommendations for obesity prevention and treatment to achieve health equity, and (3) identify challenges and needs to address obesity prevalence and disparities, and develop a diverse workforce.

Methods: A three-day virtual convening.

Multiyear Drought Strengthens Positive and Negative Functional Diversity Effects on Tree Growth Response.

Mixed-species forests are proposed to enhance tree resistance and resilience to drought. However, growing evidence shows that tree species richness does not consistently improve tree growth responses to drought. The underlying mechanisms remain uncertain, especially under unprecedented multiyear droughts.

Drug-Eluting Resorbable Scaffold Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Below-the-Knee Peripheral Artery Disease: 2-Year Results From the LIFE-BTK Trial.

Background: Limited treatment options exist for infrapopliteal disease in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), a condition associated with a high risk of limb loss. Interventional management of diseased infrapopliteal vessels with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is associated with high rates of restenosis and reintervention. In the LIFE-BTK trial, the drug-eluting resorbable scaffold (DRS) demonstrated superior 12-month efficacy compared with PTA in a selected CLTI population with predominantly noncomplex, mildly to moderately calcified lesions.

Coupling of Event-Related Potential and Pupil Dilation as a Compensatory Marker of Executive Attention in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs attention and executive function, often through disrupted coordination between cognitive and autonomic systems. While electroencephalography (EEG) and pupillometry are widely used to assess neural and autonomic responses independently, little is known about how these systems interact in TBI. Understanding their coordination is essential to identify compensatory mechanisms that may support attention under conditions of neural inefficiency.

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications.

Nanoscale biosensors have gained attention in recent years due to their unique characteristics and size. Manufacturing steps, cost, and other shortcomings limit the widespread use and commercialization of nanoscale electrodes. In this work, a nano-size electrode fabricated by directed electrochemical nanowire assembly and parylene-C insulation is introduced.

Simple Bagged Movement Models for Telemetry Data.

Determining which statistical methods are appropriate for data is both user and data dependent and prone to change as new methodology becomes available. This process encompasses model ideation, model selection, and determining appropriate use of statistical methods. Literature on models for animal movement emerging in the past two decades has yielded a rich collection of statistical methods garnering much deserved positive attention.

A view of the sustainable computing landscape.

This article presents a holistic research agenda to address the significant environmental impact of information and communication technology (ICT), which accounts for 2.1%-3.9% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Genomic personalities of subspecies and illuminate complete trichloroethene dechlorination in high-salt conditions.

Global salinization increasingly threatens ecosystem integrity and the regulation of biogeochemical cycles. Our study reveals novel insights into the microbial contributions to the organohalide decomposition in saline environments, demonstrating the unprecedented ability of organohalide-respiring bacteria and to completely dechlorinate trichloroethene to non-toxic ethene under hypersaline conditions (up to 31.3 g/L) in long-term operations.