Numerical and experimental investigations on vibration isolation performance of double-layer casing herringbone planetary gearbox.

Excessive vibration in marine propulsion gearboxes critically impacts reliability, noise pollution, and ship stealth. This study presents a novel rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model for a double-layer casing herringbone planetary gearbox with journal bearings, integrating experimentally determined dynamic characteristics of the vibration isolator into a reduced-order flexible casing model. A thorough examination of the casing's modal vibration coupling mechanism enabled the development of a comprehensive rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model for the gearbox.

New perspectives under heterogeneity: mechanism of nutrient heterogeneity on Cd-induced hormesis of soil respiration.

Hormesis is a phenomenon in which low doses of toxins stimulate organisms, while high doses have inhibitory effects. Soil heterogeneity nutrient spatial profoundly influences community structure and stress responses by altering the microenvironment around microorganisms. Studies on hormesis in soil ecosystems have made significant progress, but most of them have overlooked the impact of soil nutrient spatial heterogeneity on hormesis.

Separator Engineering for Sodium Metal Batteries: Challenges, Rational Design and Recent Modification Strategies.

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, leveraging their high theoretical capacity and the natural abundance of Na resources. Nevertheless, critical challenges, including dendritic growth, side reactions, and pronounced volume fluctuations during cycling, continue to impede their commercialization. Conventional separators, including polyolefin or glass fiber types, suffer from poor wettability, uneven ion flux, and a rough surface.

Insights into environmentally friendly solvent pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: Strategies, mechanisms, and future perspectives.

The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and value-added products is becoming increasingly critical for addressing the global energy security and environmental concerns. However, the inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass poses significant challenges in biorefinery processes. The pretreatment to deconstruct the complex structure of biomass is indispensable in various biorefinery processes.

The relationship between high school English learners' anxiety and their smartphone addiction: evidence from a daily diary approach.

Background: The issue of smartphone addiction among high school English learners is becoming more and more significant in this era of information technology, and it is directly associated with their anxiety.

Methods: To examine the correlation between high school English learners' anxiety level and the severity of smartphone addiction, the anxiety and smartphone addiction levels of high school English learners were explored. SPSS 26 and MPLUS 8.

Suppressing the Electron-Phonon Coupling in 2D Perovskite CsSbI for Lead-Free Indoor Photovoltaics.

Antimony-based perovskite-inspired materials (Sb-PIMs) are promising lead-free candidates for indoor photovoltaic application. CsSbI, in particular, with a ≈2.0 eV bandgap, is ideal for harvesting indoor white light.

A multiple-cross self-powered sensor based on photo-assisted zinc-air battery for spatio-temporal reconciliated accurate assay.

The development of a spatio-temporal coordination and multiple-cross detection platform is crucial for the highly accurate assay in complex sample or varied environments. In this study, a sensitive and accurate dual-mode self-powered electrochemical sensor (SPES) was constructed based on the Z-scheme heterojunction-promoted photo-assisted zinc-air battery (ZAB) and electrochromic (EC) technology for the multiple-cross quantitative analysis of gallic acid (GA). With AgBr/BiFeO Z-scheme heterojunction as the photocathode, the photo-assisted ZAB functions as an energy collection and conversion device to realize the SPES with enhanced energy conversion efficiency.

Machine Learning-Assisted Design of Molecular Structure of Diphenylamine Antioxidants.

This study calculated the bond dissociation energy (BDE), solubility parameter (δ), binding energy ( ), and other parameters of 96 diphenylamine antioxidants using molecular simulations to verify the quantitative relationship between the structure and properties of antioxidants and obtained 288 antioxidant performance parameters to build a machine learning (ML) data set. A group-partitioning scheme consisting of 10 group descriptors and 3 molecular connectivity chi index descriptors was established. The antioxidant parameters were combined with the partitioning results to form a complete ML data set.

High gamma EEG responses to emotional stimuli in virtual reality: insights from local activation and distributed characteristics.

Introduction: High frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, particularly in the high gamma range, plays an important role in research on human emotions. However, the current understanding of high gamma EEG responses to emotional stimuli in virtual reality (VR) remains limited, especially regarding local activations and distributed network characteristics during different emotional states.

Methods: In this study, EEG responses to positive and negative VR stimuli were analyzed.

Experimental Observation of k-Dependent Bulk-Edge Correspondence in Sonic Semimetals with High Winding Numbers.

The bulk-edge correspondence plays a crucial role in topological physics bridging the gap between the bulk topology and the topological edge states, which recently was extended to topological metamaterials having a large number of topological boundary states. In this work, we experimentally observe the k-dependent bulk-edge correspondence in the framework of a manmade sonic semimetal, supporting the coexistence of multiple topological phases which are separated by boundaries formed by versatile types of Dirac points. The structure is composed of stacked one-dimensional (1D) extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains through long-range couplings, in which the topological phases are characterized by k-dependent winding numbers.

Implementation Method and Bench Testing of Fractional-Order Biquadratic Transfer Function-Based Mechatronic ISD Suspension.

To address the challenge of physically realizing fractional-order electrical networks, this study proposes an implementation method for a mechatronic inerter-spring-damper (ISD) suspension based on a fractional-order biquadratic transfer function. Building upon a previously established model of a mechatronic ISD suspension, the influence of parameter perturbations on the suspension's dynamic performance characteristics was systematically investigated. Positive real synthesis was employed to determine the optimal five-element passive network structure for the fractional-order biquadratic electrical network.

In-Plane Vibration Analysis of Rectangular Plates with Elastically Restrained Boundaries Using Differential Quadrature Method of Variational Weak Form.

An efficient numerical approach utilizing a variational weak form, grounded in 2D elastic theory and variational principles, is proposed for analyzing the in-plane vibrational behavior of rectangular plates resting on elastically restrained boundaries. The differential and integral operators can be discretized into matrix representations employing the differential quadrature method (DQM) and Taylor series expansion techniques. The discretization of dynamics equations stems directly from a weak formulation that circumvents the need for any transformation or discretization of higher-order derivatives encountered in the corresponding strong equations.

Optimizing space heating efficiency in sustainable building design a multi criteria decision making approach with model predictive control.

Efficient space heating is vital for sustainable building design, offering opportunities to reduce energy consumption and costs while maintaining thermal comfort. This study examines the optimization of space heating in a nearly-zero energy building (nZEB) located in Oslo, Norway, under cold climatic conditions. The research question explores how advanced control strategies can balance heating costs and thermal comfort efficiently.

Fundus Peripapillary Vascular Changes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited through convenience sampling from the Children's Mental Health Research Center at The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the Department of Ophthalmology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, between December 2019 and October 2024. A total of 200 eyes were ultimately enrolled in this study, sourced from 53 individuals with ASD, aged between 7 and 13 years, and an equal number of age- and sex-matched neurotypical (NT) controls. The aim of this research is to explore the changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature in children with ASD, evaluated through optical coherence tomography and its angiography, and to further investigate the potential value of retinal vascular characteristics in the auxiliary screening and diagnosis of ASD.

Comparison of microstructural evolution differences during dry-jet wet spinning and wet spinning for polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber.

This study compared the microstructural evolution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, which serve as precursors for carbon fibers, during both dry-jet wet spinning and wet spinning processes. Detailed analyses were performed on fibers at various key stages of these two spinning methods using a range of techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and so forth. The main differences between the two schemes lie in the coagulation bath stage.

Energy-based segmentation methods for images with non-Gaussian noise.

This paper proposes an energy-based segmentation method facilitated by the change point detection. We apply the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to demonstrate the feasibility of our method for non-Gaussian noisy images. Notably, the algorithm automatically determines whether the model is solvable using a Gaussian approach and, if not, effortlessly switches to a non-Gaussian alternative.

Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Amino-heteroaromatics with Allylic Alcohols and Propene Derivatives: Access to Pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridines.

An I/BF·EtO-mediated oxidative annulation of allylic alcohols/propene derivatives with 5-aminopyrazoles to construct pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridines was developed. I mediates both allylic alcohol oxidation and 5-aminopyrazole iodination, enabling a BF·EtO-promoted radical addition/cyclization cascade, while propene derivatives instead proceed via 2-methylallyl iodide intermediates. This allylic alcohol-based methodology not only establishes allylic alcohols as efficient carbon synthons for pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridine construction but also demonstrates successful gram-scale applicability.

Partially degradable Ti-Mg composites for biomedical applications: Recent advances and future perspectives.

Given the low elastic modulus, favorable bioactivity, and intrinsic biodegradability of Mg alloys, Ti-Mg composites comprising Mg embedded within a continuous Ti matrix are considered a promising alternative to conventional porous Ti alloys. During implantation, the Mg phase undergoes programmable degradation-mediated pore-formation, which synergistically promotes osseointegration and bone infiltration, while the retained Ti matrix provides mechanical support similar to that of porous Ti alloy implants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in Ti-Mg composites, emphasizing their advantages as implant materials in terms of tunable microstructural architectures and performance optimization potential.

Inhibited thermal degradation of CsPbBr perovskite quantum dots by dual-Shell engineering towards stable LEDs.

Halide perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have garnered significant attention for their exceptional optoelectronic properties, particularly in light-emitting diode (LED) applications. However, their susceptibility to thermal degradation at elevated temperatures (>100 °C) poses a critical barrier to commercialization. In this study, we address this challenge through a synergistic ZnF post-treatment strategy applied to CsPbBr PeQDs.

Electrochemically promoted defluorinative sulfoximination and fluorosulfonylation of non-activated aryl fluorides at room temperature.

Due to the high bond dissociation energy and kinetic inertness of the C-F bond, direct activation of inert aryl fluorides for new transformations under mild conditions remains a significant challenge. Although it has been known that single electron reduction can be applied for the activation of inert aryl fluorides at room temperature, the need for very strong reduction conditions along with the competitive side reactions during the reduction process limits the synthetic applications. Herein, by leveraging the advantages of electrosynthesis and the versatile transformation nature of aryl radicals, two types of challenging defluorinative transformations of non-activated aryl fluorides which include sulfoximination cheap nickel catalysis and transition metal catalyst-free fluorosulfonylation at room temperature have been disclosed for the first time.

Dynamically tunable strong coupling insulator-metal phase transition in VO coupled to mid-infrared SrTiO phonons.

Dynamically tunable strong light-matter coupling in the mid-infrared (MIR) regime holds significant promise for next-generation photonic and thermal devices, especially in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) range of 19-23 μm, where vibrational and thermal signatures are most prominent. In this work, we demonstrate strong coupling between the phase-transition-tunable Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity modes of vanadium dioxide (VO) and the phonon polaritons (PhPs) of strontium titanate (SrTiO), a polar dielectric with prominent optical phonon resonances in the LWIR region. The insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) of VO enables dynamic tuning of the coupling strength and mode hybridization.

Innovative municipal sludge dewatering: High efficiency and high-dryness through the synergistic effect of MoS piezoelectric catalysis and electro-dewatering.

The rapid development of urbanization has heightened the need for efficient sludge dewatering in wastewater treatment. Traditional sludge dewatering technologies encounter numerous challenges regarding moisture content (M) and efficiency. This paper introduces a novel approach for achieving high efficiency and high-dryness sludge dewatering, which innovatively integrates MoS piezoelectric catalysis with sludge electro-dewatering to establish the piezoelectric-electric synergistic dewatering (P-EDW) method.

Enhancing the dielectric characteristics and DC flashover of epoxy resin composites by surface modification of AgNbO nano particles.

The advancement of industrial technology has led to power modules facing challenges such as elevated temperatures, high voltages, and increased frequencies. The conventional epoxy resin (Ep) fails to satisfy the demands of high voltage and superior insulation. This study involved the synthesis of Ep resin/ AgNbO nanocomposites aimed at addressing insulating flaws.

Spatio-temporal dynamic functional brain network for mild cognitive impairment analysis.

Introduction: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often serving as a prodromal stage. Early detection of MCI is critical for timely intervention.

Methods: Dynamic Functional Connectivity analysis reveals temporal dynamics obscured by static functional connectivity, making it valuable for analyzing and classifying psychiatric disorders.

N,P-Coordinated Breaking Local Charge Symmetry of Fe Single Atoms for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction.

Efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are pivotal in energy conversion and storage systems, particularly in alkaline fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Atomically dispersed Fe-NC electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts. However, their catalytic activity and stability must be significantly improved.