Global Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks and Drug Safety Standards in the Drug Approval Process.

The drug approval and review process plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry, aiming to ensure that newly marketed drugs are safe, effective, and of high quality. Regulatory authorities overseeing this process, tailored to geographically distinct needs, include the U.S.

Characterization of fatty acid biosynthesis in microalga Scenedesmus - from the perspective of biofuel production.

Scenedesmus quadricauda, a freshwater microalga, has gained attention for its high lipid accumulation potential. However, information on fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis pathways in Scenedesmus species remains limited. Biomass (1.

Contemporary trends in targeted protein degradation for neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease, are associated with significant declines in cognitive function and mobility. The accumulation of misfolded proteins such as β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein, and polyglutamates is a key factor in the progression of these conditions. Unfortunately, traditional small-molecule drugs face major obstacles in effectively targeting these proteins.

From inflammation to intervention: exploring shared mechanisms and lifestyle strategies in diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS), while affecting metabolic and neurological systems respectively, share convergent immunometabolic pathways. This review synthesizes recent evidence elucidating overlapping mechanisms linking DM and MS, emphasizing metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation, with therapeutic potential of lifestyle interventions alongside pharmacotherapy. A comprehensive literature analysis examined shared pathogenesis through recent studies.

Targeted Therapies and Computational Approaches in the Management of Crohn's Disease.

Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, presents significant challenges in clinical medicine due to its multifactorial etiology and varied therapeutic responses. This review examines the diverse causes of CD, including genetic predispositions identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which involve scanning the genome for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CD risk, as well as environmental triggers, such as diet and alterations in the microbiome. Biomarkers, such as fecal calprotectin and Creactive protein (CRP), as well as genetic markers like NOD2 mutations, provide critical tools for diagnosis and treatment stratification.

Deciphering Pharmacological Targets of Plumbagin in Cisplatin-resistant Ovarian Cancer Model using in vitro and in silico Approaches.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignancy of the female reproductive system for which cisplatin chemotherapy is one of the first-line treatments. Despite the initial response to chemotherapy, such patients eventually develop resistance, which poses a major obstacle to treatment, along with potential side effects. Phytochemicals function as chemosensitizers, offering novel therapies in OC patients by targeting drug resistance, and are perceived to be less toxic.

Molecular Basis of UG-Rich Element Recognition by ESRP2 RRM3.

Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2 (ESRP2) plays a pivotal role in alternative splicing regulation, particularly in maintaining epithelial cell identity and suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Despite its biological significance, the structural basis for its RNA-binding specificity remains poorly understood. In this study, we report the solution structure and RNA-binding properties of the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM3) of human ESRP2 using an integrative approach combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ITC, molecular docking, and MD simulations.

QbD-optimized curcumin-lignin nanoparticle spray for targeted wound infection therapy against and .

Chronic wounds infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a significant therapeutic challenge, requiring biocompatible and effective interventions. This study presents a novel lignin-based nanoparticle spray for the localized delivery of curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial compound. Lignin, a sustainable polyphenolic biopolymer with inherent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, was used both as a carrier and functional agent.

Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Clinical Insights, and Therapeutic Strategies.

Sepsis is a lethal clinical condition representing severe inflammation and immune suppression to pathogen or infection, leading to tissue damage or organ dysfunction. Hyper-inflammation and immune suppression cause a fatal, escalated Blood-Brain Barrier permeability, being a secondary response towards infection resulting in sepsis-associated brain dysfunction. These changes in the BBB lead to the brain's susceptibility to increased morbidity and mortality.

Near Infrared-Responsive Xanthene Probes for Dual-Mode Cancer Treatment and Bioimaging.

The incidence of cancer has escalated at a distressing pace, creating an urgent demand for advancements and breakthroughs in medical interventions. Amidst the multitude of approaches for diagnosing and managing cancer, fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy have emerged as key approaches due to their unique advantages. Herein, two new xanthene-based probes, namely, and , with D-π-A conjugated structures, are reported.

Transforming Agriculture with Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Holistic Exploration of their Role in Sustainable Agriculture.

The escalating demand for food, driven by a rapidly growing population, necessitates the implementation of intelligent and sustainable strategies in crop production. Among these innovations, the integration of various nanomaterials has emerged as a promising frontier, offering a transformative leap in modern agricultural practices. Notably, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown significant potential, with their morphology, particle size, surface characteristics, and magnetic properties playing a crucial role in enhancing plant physiological responses, promoting soil rejuvenation, and boosting soil fertility.

Detecting the Undetected: Machine Learning in Early Disease Diagnosis.

Early detection of diseases is a critical pillar in advancing modern healthcare, offering timely interventions and better patient outcomes. This overview highlights a range of machine learning (ML) approaches that are transforming early disease diagnosis. We discuss how traditional supervised and unsupervised methods, alongside advanced deep learning and reinforcement learning techniques, are utilized to detect early disease markers, often before clinical symptoms appear.

The multifaceted role of HJURP in cancer: Implications for tumorigenesis and therapeutic targeting.

Background: Holliday Junction Recognition Protein (HJURP) is essential for centromere integrity and chromosomal stability through its role in CENP-A deposition. Emerging studies suggest that HJURP also contributes to various aspects of cancer biology, including tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Objective: To comprehensively review the molecular and clinical relevance of HJURP in cancer, with a focus on its role in genomic maintenance, cancer hallmarks, and its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Selective detection of an antibiotic using hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs): insights from DFT mechanistic analysis.

The development of non-toxic, cost-effective and high fluorescent sensing materials has earned significant interest in the last decade. In this work, a simple synthesis technique of mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) suitable for the ultrasensitive detection of a commonly used antibiotic, enrofloxacin (ENR), has been reported. The fluorescence of the HOF is completely quenched after the formation of a HOF-Cu complex as a turn off sensor which undergoes a turn-on mechanism in the presence of ENR.

Effects of human population and forestry trees on the hydrologic cycle: A modeling-based study.

The hydrologic cycle is increasingly disrupted due to the rising human population and the associated decline in forest trees. The rationale of this work was to address the disruption in the hydrologic cycle, which is caused by the dual adverse effects of human population growth: reducing forestry trees and diminishing clouds' formation. The proposed model assumes that the density of forestry trees decreases due to harvesting activities to fulfill the resource demands of human population.

Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin as an Adjuvant to Standard Chemotherapy in Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.

The potential of the phytoconstituent, curcumin, as an adjuvant to chemoradiotherapy has been investigated because of its ameliorating effects, including the sensitization of cancer and cancer stem cells. Curcumin, a strong antioxidant with pharmacologically non-toxic effects, can be used as an adjuvant with enhanced bioavailability and administered along with chemotherapy to achieve better treatment outcomes. The present study was carried out with a total of 120 women with locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer, who were randomized to receive standard chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy with oral curcumin, a 500 mg capsule (1 g/day) containing 95% curcuminoid and 1% piperine given for 12 to 24 weeks.

Exploring the potential of photodynamic therapy in overcoming multidrug resistance: mechanisms, synergies, and clinical advancements in infectious diseases.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacterial and fungal pathogens poses a growing global health crisis, rendering many conventional antimicrobial therapies ineffective. The rise of MDR strains complicates treatment, prolongs illness, increases healthcare costs, and contributes to higher mortality rates. Mechanisms driving MDR include enzymatic drug inactivation, target modification, efflux pump activity, decreased permeability, and biofilm formation-often fueled by horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure from antimicrobial overuse.

Sustainable phytoprotection: a smart monitoring and recommendation framework using Puma Optimization for potato pathogen detection.

Ensuring sustainable and resilient agricultural systems in the face of intensifying crop disease threats requires intelligent, data-driven tools for early detection and intervention. This study proposes a novel hybrid framework for potato disease classification that integrates copula-based dependency modeling with a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), further enhanced through hyperparameter tuning using the biologically inspired Puma Optimization (PO) algorithm. The system is trained and evaluated on a real-world dataset derived from structured field experiments, comprising 52 instances and 42 agronomic, microbial, and ecological variables.

A pentatricopeptide repeat protein restores fertility in Moricandia arvensis based cytoplasmic male sterility system in Brassica juncea.

An introgression from Moricandia arvensis is known to restore male fertility to Brassica juncea cytoplasmic male sterile lines carrying M. arvensis, Diplotaxis berthautii, D. catholica or D.

Diatoms in low pH environments: diversity, adaptations, mechanisms, ecological roles, and applications.

Diatoms inhabit a broad pH spectrum, from neutral lakes to highly acidic waters shaped by natural organic acids and anthropogenic inputs such as acid mine drainage (AMD). This review outlines the key chemical drivers of low-pH environments, including natural and industrial acidification. We then synthesize diatom community responses to acid stress-declining taxonomic richness, dominance of acidophilic taxa, and frustule deformities-highlighting how proton toxicity can be a dominant structuring force in highly acidic environments, although in many AMD systems it interacts synergistically with metal stress to shape assemblage composition.

Cancer Cell Detection and Precision Targeting Drug Delivery by Covalently Functionalized Liposome.

In diagnostics, targeting ability is still a topic of concern for cancer cell detection as well as the drug delivery process. Selective detection of cancer cells from normal cells is a highly demanding but also crucial and challenging task. Recent emergence of folic acid as a targeting ligand can improve the drug delivery systems specifically targeted to cancer cells due to the high affinity to bind the folate receptor (FR) on the surface of cancer cells.

Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Study and Wastewater Remediation by Selenium Nanoparticles of Hesperidin.

Nanotechnology has opened several applications in engineering, waste management and biomedical science. Metal nanoparticles of inorganic metals have unique electrical, magnetic, optical and physicochemical properties, making them superior to bulk metals. Selenium nanoparticles are less toxic than inorganic selenium, which has a narrow therapeutic index and high toxicity.

Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in Alzheimer's Disease: Successes, Failures, and Future Directions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), referred to as a type of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with cognitive decline and key features comprising extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a new therapeutic approach targeting the specific biochemical abnormalities associated with AD. This review summarizes several mAbs designed for AD, which helps to describe their mechanisms, including amyloid clearance from the brain as well as regulation of neuroinflammation.

Multiple model visual feature embedding and selection method for an efficient pest classification supporting precision agriculture.

Agriculture 5.0 is a principal economic activity in the world with major workforce dependent crops cultivation. An automated system for crops field insect pest identification can help decrease labour, while also improving the speed and precision in compared to manual methods.