Transforming Agriculture with Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Holistic Exploration of their Role in Sustainable Agriculture.

The escalating demand for food, driven by a rapidly growing population, necessitates the implementation of intelligent and sustainable strategies in crop production. Among these innovations, the integration of various nanomaterials has emerged as a promising frontier, offering a transformative leap in modern agricultural practices. Notably, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown significant potential, with their morphology, particle size, surface characteristics, and magnetic properties playing a crucial role in enhancing plant physiological responses, promoting soil rejuvenation, and boosting soil fertility.

Non-native entanglement protein misfolding observed in all-atom simulations and supported by experimental structural ensembles.

Several mechanisms are known to cause monomeric protein misfolding. Coarse-grained simulations have predicted an additional mechanism exists involving off-pathway, noncovalent lasso entanglements, which are long-lived kinetic traps and structurally resemble the native state. Here, we examine whether such misfolded states occur in long-timescale, all-atom folding simulations of ubiquitin and λ-repressor.

Chaperone Dependency during Primary Protein Biogenesis Does Not Correlate with Chaperone Dependency during Refolding.

Many proteins require molecular chaperones to fold into their functional native forms. Previously we used limited proteolysis mass-spectrometry (LiP-MS) to find that ca. 40% of the proteome do not efficiently refold spontaneously following dilution from denaturation, a frequency that drops to ca.

Giant cell tumour of the parotid gland: a rare, unusual entity.

There have been only 24 documented occurrences of the extremely uncommon giant cell tumour of the parotid gland. We report an additional case of a female patient in her late 40s who presented with a 2.5-year history of right-sided face swelling in the preauricular region.

Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship on Antimicrobial Utilization and Resistance Patterns in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra.

Background: Non-judicious use of antibiotics by health professionals has been identified as an area for interventions and improvement by the World Health Organization for controlling antimicrobial resistance. Following the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines, we established an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program at the 950-bedded multispecialty private sector hospital located in western Maharashtra by the end of the year 2021.

Aim And Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an AMS program intervention on the utilization of antibiotics and resistance patterns of organisms isolated from the patients.

Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in Management of Vestibular Schwannoma.

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors arising from vestibulocochlear nerve Schwann cells. Single or multifractional stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is commonly used for treatment of these tumors, and accurate target delineation is critical for the focused radiation delivery, maximizing tumor control while minimizing toxicity. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosis, monitoring of VS and is critical in precise target delineation for SRT planning.

Unraveling the Role of PET in Cervical Cancer: Review of Current Applications and Future Horizons.

FDG PET/CT provides complementary metabolic information with greater sensitivity and specificity than conventional imaging modalities for evaluating local recurrence, nodal, and distant metastases in patients with cervical cancer. PET/CT can also be used in radiation treatment planning, which is the mainstay of treatment. With the implementation of various oncological guidelines, FDG PET/CT has been utilized more frequently in patient management and prognostication.

Evaluation of diflubenzuron-verapamil combination strategy for eco-safe management of .

Introduction: , the vector of multiple arboviral diseases, is a prime health concern worldwide. The surge in borne diseases emphasizes the urgent need for efficient vector control measures. Synthetic pesticides used traditionally, however, present environmental concerns and issues like resistance development, causing the use of higher chemical doses.

Efficacy of Dexamethasone in Reducing Postoperative Symptoms of the Surgical Extraction of Impacted Third Molars.

Introduction: Among anti-inflammatory medications, dexamethasone has an extended half-life and strong effects, particularly in oral surgical procedures. Administering dexamethasone helps reduce discomfort and inflammation and enhances recovery by minimizing postoperative complications. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of dexamethasone administered before and after surgery in reducing postoperative pain and swelling and relieving mouth opening following the surgical removal of impacted third molars.

Assessment of Bone Loss Around Platform-Switching Subcrestal Implants: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Introduction: Replacement of lost teeth with implants is a well-known and accepted worldwide treatment. A healthy amount of bone surrounding the implant plays a vital role in osseointegration and is required for implant success. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of single-crown rehabilitation of subcrestal implants in terms of bone loss (BL) and overall success.

Comparative Study of the Influence of Dental Implant Design on the Stress and Strain Distribution using the Finite Element Method.

Background: One emerging and important research method for biomechanical assessments in biological investigations is the finite element analysis (FEA). It is the best technique for simulating intricate structures and examining their mechanical characteristics.

Aim: This study was conducted to compare the V-shaped design and square thread design regarding their influence on the stress and strain distribution using the finite element method.

PSMA PET improves characterization of dural-based intracranial lesions in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Purpose: Theranostic approaches combining prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET/CT or PET/MRI with PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy have improved clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) especially metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Dural metastases in PCa are rare but can pose a diagnostic challenge, as meningiomas, a more common dural based lesions have been shown to express PSMA. The aim of this study is to compare PSMA PET parameters between brain lesions classified as dural metastases and meningiomas in prostate cancer patients.

Additive Value of Magnetic Resonance Simulation Before Chemoradiation in Evaluating Treatment Response and Pseudoprogression in High-Grade Gliomas.

Purpose: A dedicated magnetic resonance imaging simulation (MRsim) for radiation treatment (RT) planning in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) can detect early radiologic changes, including tumor progression after surgery and before standard of care chemoradiation. This study aimed to determine the effect of using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus MRsim as the baseline for response assessment and reporting pseudoprogression on follow-up imaging at 1 month (FU1) after chemoradiation.

Methods And Materials: Histologically confirmed patients with HGG were planned for 6 weeks of RT in a prospective study for adaptive RT planning.

Low molecular weight chitosan from Pleurotus ostreatus waste and its prebiotic potential.

The booming mushroom industry envisages economic merits, and massive unutilized waste production (∼ 20 %) creates an opportunity for valorization. Chitosan, a bioactive polysaccharide, has drawn immense attention for its invaluable therapeutic potential. Thus, the present study was conducted to extract chitosan from mushroom waste (MCH) for its prebiotic potential.

Artificial Intelligence in Neuroradiology: A Review of Current Topics and Competition Challenges.

There is an expanding body of literature that describes the application of deep learning and other machine learning and artificial intelligence methods with potential relevance to neuroradiology practice. In this article, we performed a literature review to identify recent developments on the topics of artificial intelligence in neuroradiology, with particular emphasis on large datasets and large-scale algorithm assessments, such as those used in imaging AI competition challenges. Numerous applications relevant to ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, brain tumors, demyelinating disease, and neurodegenerative/neurocognitive disorders were discussed.

A Comparison Between the Effectiveness of Isoamyl 2-Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive and Silk Sutures in Wound Closure Following Minor Oral Surgical Procedures: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Background In order to maintain the surgery site's shape, functionality, and aesthetics, closure of the wound is essential for intra-oral and general surgical procedures. Wound closure speeds up healing by reducing the buildup of inflammatory cells. For a wound to heal well, the incision must be precise, the tissue must be handled delicately, the wound must be precisely repositioned, and the closure material must have optimum functional properties and be sterile.

Dissecting the Relationship Between Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are two common causes of death in elderly people, which includes progressive neuronal cell death and behavioral changes. NDDs include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and motor neuron disease, characterized by cognitive defects and memory impairment, whereas NPDs include depression, seizures, migraine headaches, eating disorders, addictions, palsies, major depressive disorders, anxiety, and schizophrenia, characterized by behavioral changes. Mounting evidence demonstrated that NDDs and NPDs share an overlapping mechanism, which includes post-translational modifications, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and signaling events.

Progress toward Proteome-Wide Photo-Cross-Linking to Enable Residue-Level Visualization of Protein Structures and Networks In Vivo.

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is emerging as a method at the crossroads of structural and cellular biology, uniquely capable of identifying protein-protein interactions with residue-level resolution and on the proteome-wide scale. With the development of cross-linkers that can form linkages inside cells and easily cleave during fragmentation on the mass spectrometer (MS-cleavable cross-links), it has become increasingly facile to identify contacts between any two proteins in complex samples, including in live cells or tissues. Photo-cross-linkers possess the advantages of high temporal resolution and high reactivity, thereby engaging all residue-types (rather than just lysine); nevertheless, photo-cross-linkers have not enjoyed widespread use and are yet to be employed for proteome-wide studies because their products are challenging to identify.

Integrative Imaging Informatics for Cancer Research: Workflow Automation for Neuro-Oncology (I3CR-WANO).

Purpose: Efforts to use growing volumes of clinical imaging data to generate tumor evaluations continue to require significant manual data wrangling, owing to data heterogeneity. Here, we propose an artificial intelligence-based solution for the aggregation and processing of multisequence neuro-oncology MRI data to extract quantitative tumor measurements.

Materials And Methods: Our end-to-end framework (1) classifies MRI sequences using an ensemble classifier, (2) preprocesses the data in a reproducible manner, (3) delineates tumor tissue subtypes using convolutional neural networks, and (4) extracts diverse radiomic features.

Habitat Imaging Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cancer Patients Infected with COVID-19.

Objectives: Cancer patients have worse outcomes from the COVID-19 infection and greater need for ventilator support and elevated mortality rates than the general population. However, previous artificial intelligence (AI) studies focused on patients without cancer to develop diagnosis and severity prediction models. Little is known about how the AI models perform in cancer patients.

Histopathological Changes in Placenta of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) Infection and Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in COVID-19.

Background: Whether vertical transmission or placental pathology occurs after maternal infection during pregnancy remains unknown. There is a clear need for studies on the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcome. A systemic inflammatory or hypercoagulable state may be the contributing factor for placental pathology.

Risk of secondary malignant neoplasms in children following proton therapy vs. photon therapy for primary CNS tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Central nervous system tumors are now the most common primary neoplasms seen in children, and radiation therapy is a key component in management. Secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are rare, but dreaded complications. Proton beam therapy (PBT) can potentially minimize the risk of SMNs compared to conventional photon radiation therapy (RT), and multiple recent studies with mature data have reported the risk of SMNs after PBT.

Design, synthesis, extra-precision docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies of pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been widely explored to develop novel molecules for management of Alzheimer's disease. In past research finding reported molecule 3-(4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-one displayed a spectrum of anti-Alzheimer's properties herein, we report a library of 18 novel molecules that were rationally designed and synthesized employing known literature to mimic and explore the novel chemical space around the lead compound and donepezil. All the compounds were docked in extra-precision mode with AChE (PDB ID 4EY7) using the Glide module.