Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Gene Expression Changes in Mouse Liver Tissue During Alveolar Echinococcosis.

Background/objectives: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by larvae, poses a significant global health concern. Primarily affecting regions in the northern hemisphere, such as northwest China, which are vital for animal husbandry, it often results in severe hepatic impairment in the host. However, there remains a dearth of knowledge concerning changes in gene expression profiles during the progression of AE. In this study, we employed transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing, RNA-Seq) to detect alterations in gene expression profiles in the liver tissues of mice with AE. Our aims were to understand the transcriptome differences in the liver during infection and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the early progression of this disease.

Methods: We established a mouse model of AE by intraperitoneally injecting protoscoleces of . All the inoculated mice were randomly divided into four groups. Liver tissues were collected at 6, 12, 19, and 25 weeks after inoculation. Paired non-infected mouse-derived liver tissues were used as controls, and transcriptome sequencing was carried out.

Results: A total of 629 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among them, 370 genes were upregulated and 259 genes were downregulated. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs were significantly associated with immune system modulation, the cell cycle, and the fibrosis process during the pathological changes. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several genes, including , , , , , and . These hub genes involved in immunoinflammatory processes may be related to larvae infection.

Conclusions: The findings of this research provide a theoretical foundation for a more in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of AE. They offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and potential key factors involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.