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Herein, chitosan (CHS) biopolymer was modified with walnut shell (WS) powder by loading different ratios (25 % and 50 %) of WS into the polymeric matrix of CHS to yield a promising bio-adsorbent for cationic methyl violet 2B (MV 2B) dye removal. The best loading ratio of the WS into the polymeric matrix of CHS was found to be 50 % CHS and 50 % WS (CHS/WS-(50:50)). A statistical optimization using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the influence of three processing variables namely CHS/WS-(50:50) dose (0.02-0.1 g/100 mL), solution pH (4-10), and contact time (10-60 min) on the removal of MV 2B dye. The findings from the equilibrium and kinetic studies suggest that the MV 2B dye is adsorbed onto CHS/WS-(50:50) through a multilayer process according to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo second order (PSO) kinetic model. Thus, CHS/WS-(50:50) shows a maximum adsorption capacity (q) of 103.3 mg/g for MV 2B dye removal. The adsorption mechanism of MV 2B involves interactions such as electrostatic forces, n-π stacking, and H-bonding. Reusability study indicates that the CHS/WS-(50:50) could effectively adsorb MV 2B for five cycles. This work introduces CHS/WS-(50:50) as a preferable bio adsorbent for removing harmful cationic dyes from contaminated water.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145208 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Purpose: We aimed to compare the effects of atelocollagen (AC) and individual growth factors on the expression of key molecular markers associated with tendon healing.
Methods: C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and treated with 1 nM or 10 nM of Atelocollagen (AC), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for 5 days. After 5 days of treatment, cells were harvested from the culture medium, and Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), Collagen type I (Col I), Collagen type Ⅲ (Col Ⅲ), and Tenascin C (TnC).
Anal Chem
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology enables the flexible fabrication of integrated monolithic microextraction chips for high-throughput sample pretreatment. Meanwhile, the extraction performance of 3DP-based channels is largely limited by printer resolution and the commercially available printing materials. In this work, a 3DP array monolithic microextraction chip (AMC) was fabricated by integrating 26-array helical monolithic microextraction channels for sample pretreatment and 52-array gas valves for fluid control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pharmacol
August 2025
General Surgery Department Three, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Fast and early detection of low-dose chemical toxicity is a critical unmet need in toxicology and human health, as conventional 2D culture models often fail to capture subtle cellular responses induced by sub-toxic exposures. Here, we present a bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) electrospun nanofibrous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone that enhances chromatin accessibility and primes fibroblasts for improved sensitivity to low-dose chemical stimuli in a short period. The scaffold mimics the extracellular matrix, providing topographical cues that reduce cytoskeletal tension and promote nuclear deformation, thereby increasing chromatin openness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPNAS Nexus
September 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China.
Uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix is a prerequisite for high-performance nanotube-based composites. Here, we report an in situ polymerization route to synthesize a range of phenolic composites with high loading of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, >40 wt%) and continuously tunable viscoelasticity. SWCNTs can be directly and uniformly dispersed in cresols through noncovalent charge-transfer interactions without the need for surfactants, and further concentrated before in situ polymerization of the solvent molecules, yielding phenolic composites in the forms of conductive pastes, highly stretchy doughs, and hardened solids with high nanotube loading and much enhanced electrical conductivity (up to 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets
September 2025
College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman.
Neurological disorders are complex conditions characterized by impairment of the nervous system, affecting motor, cognitive, and sensory functions. Current treatments meet substantial obstacles, primarily due to the difficulty of transporting drugs across the blood-brain barrier and ineffective therapy for nerve regeneration. Emerging technologies, such as electrospinning, offer innovative solutions to overcome these challenges.
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