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CsCYP21A, a steroid 21-hydroxylase from , exhibits unprecedented sequential oxidations. Optimizing biotransformation conditions enhanced C21-hydroxylation selectivity, converting 14 substrates to 21-hydroxylated products, with 10 conversions of >80% and 4 yields of >80%. Hydrocortisone production reached 1.5 g L day with 100 g/L wet biomass. CsCYP21A's versatility enables integration into the synthesis of over 10 steroidal drugs, offering a sustainable biocatalytic platform for green pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00639 | DOI Listing |
Biosens Bioelectron
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China. Electronic address:
Artificial cytoskeletons are constructed to study the structure and function of eukaryotic cells. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a strong foundation for the construction of artificial cytoskeleton by encapsulating enzyme, yet challenges such as random enzyme distribution and poor catalytic efficiency, impede the development of artificial cytoskeleton technologies. Herein, a multilayer MOFs-based programmable artificial cytoskeleton was constructed through a heterogeneous interfacial growth method, utilizing hierarchical encapsulation of enzymes to facilitate tandem biocatalytic reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, India. Electronic address:
Integrating multi-enzyme systems within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has garnered significant attention in biocatalysis due to their tunable structural properties and ability to enhance enzyme performance in cascade reactions. The unique features of MOFs, such as well-defined pore apertures, tailorable compositions, and high loading capacity, facilitate the design of robust multi-enzyme bio-composites with enhanced recyclability and specificity. This review explores systematic approaches for the compartmentalization and positional co-immobilization of multiple enzymes within MOFs, focusing on two key strategies: (i) layer-by-layer assembly and (ii) pore-engineered compartmentalization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Oil Crops Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
This study reports the synthesis of bifunctional hollow double-layered mesoporous silica (HdlMS) nanoparticles as an effective support for enzyme catalysis. Using a self-template method combined with sol-gel processing, selective etching, and surface modification with alkyl groups and nitrogenous fatty amine groups, we successfully prepared the NH/C-HdlMS carrier. Phospholipase A1 was then immobilized onto this carrier to construct PLA1@NH/C-HdlMS, which was subsequently applied to the synthesis of docosahexaenoic-acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India. Electronic address:
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) offer a promising strategy for enzyme immobilization, enhancing reusability, high enzyme loading capacity, carrier-free nature, enhanced thermal or operational stability, and ease of preparation and suitability for industrial-scale applications. This study presents the development and optimization of CLEAs of crude amidase from Bacillus smithii IIIMB2907 for efficient biocatalytic synthesis of pharmaceutically important hydroxamic acids from amides. By optimizing key preparation parameters, a robust immobilized biocatalyst was established that retains high activity and stability during repeated use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
August 2025
School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. Electronic address:
Ergothioneine (ERG), a sulfur-containing natural antioxidant with significant biomedical potentials, has long been limited by low productivity in microbial fermentation. Here, we report the first high-efficiency in vitro reconstruction of a multi-enzyme cascade for ERG biosynthesis. To address the rate-limiting histidine methylation step, we employed a synergistic strategy integrating machine learning-based kinetic prediction (CataPro, DLkcat), molecular dynamics simulations, and conformational dynamics analysis to guide site-directed mutagenesis of Mycolicibacrterium smegmatis EgtD.
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