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The prevailing trend toward the increased application of natural polysaccharides in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors has provided the impetus for exploring sustainable biological feedstocks. Amongst them, photoautotrophic microalgae have garnered huge research and commercial interests for polysaccharide production by photosynthesis, thereby concurrently attaining carbon sequestration and green production of valuable metabolites. However, conventional approaches for enhancing polysaccharide accumulation warrant adverse conditions, which in turn hinder cellular growth and productivity. Hence, there exists a pressing demand to harness biotechnological approaches for empowering photosynthetic algae as a sustainable feedstock for polysaccharide production. Meanwhile, it remains an untapped tool for the commercial production of microalgal products, despite the recent advancements in synthetic biology. In this review, we discuss the existing intricacies in polysaccharide biosynthetic circuits and propose crucial strategies to circumvent those techno-biological complexities. We also highlight the possible approaches to circumventing such limitations to successfully employ metabolic engineering for the large-scale production of microalgal polysaccharides. The technologically feasible directions for unleashing the biotechnological potential of microalgae as green cell factories are projected toward the sustainable biosynthesis of polysaccharides.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2025.2475240 | DOI Listing |
Physiol Plant
September 2025
Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Environmental sustainability is seriously threatened by the discharge of wastewater containing hazardous heavy metals (such as Cr, Cd, As, Hg, etc.). The utilization of microalgae has recently come to light as a viable, environmentally acceptable method for removing heavy metals from contaminated sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
November 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Microalgae and their rich nutrient content are increasingly recognized as a sustainable food source. Microalgal macular pigment (MP), composed of zeaxanthin and lutein, is densely concentrated in the retinal macula of eyes and is frequently utilized in eye health maintenance. However, as a sustainable food ingredient, the food safety and functionality of MP need further investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom
September 2025
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Malhaur Station Road, Lucknow 226028, India; Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Malhaur Station Road, Lucknow 226028, India. Electronic address:
Scenedesmus quadricauda, a freshwater microalga, has gained attention for its high lipid accumulation potential. However, information on fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis pathways in Scenedesmus species remains limited. Biomass (1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
August 2025
College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China. Electronic address:
This study explores the role of α-Fe₂O₃ in improving extracellular electron transfer (EET) and symbiotic interactions between electroactive Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, its gene-deficient mutants (ΔmtrC, ΔomcA, and ΔcymA), and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). The iron oxide facilitates the efficient transfer of electrons generated by MR-1 to microalgal photosystem via the pathway of CymA-MtrC-OmcA to α-Fe₂O₃. This process enhances the removals of TOC, TN, and NH₄⁺-N in the MR-1 bacterial-algal consortium by 9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioresour Technol
September 2025
Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) efficiently removes conventional contaminants, but its potential for estrogen transformation and detoxification remains unclear, which is a concerning topic for biological wastewater treatment of endocrine-disrupting contaminants. This study comprehensively investigated the fate, transformation, and detoxification of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in MBGS. Results demonstrated that MBGS showed superior performance to standalone Chlorella vulgaris and aerobic granular sludge, achieving 80.
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