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Despite the rapid growth of private tutoring, previous studies have not systematically addressed its implications for socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in education, as they have only separately examined differential access to and the effects of private tutoring. This study directly estimates the causal contribution of private tutoring to SES disparities in educational achievement and cognitive ability among Chinese middle school students. Using nationally representative longitudinal data and a novel gap-closing approach, we find that unequal access to private tutoring does not uniformally result in significant learning gaps between high- and low-SES students. When comparing disadvantaged students with their most socioeconomically advantaged peers, we find that the proportions of SES disparities attributed to differences in participation in and intensity of private tutoring increase with these differences. These findings have important policy implications for reducing SES disparities in learning outcomes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103053 | DOI Listing |
J Family Med Prim Care
July 2025
State TB Officer, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare drug consumption rates in public and private healthcare sectors between 2018 and 2022 in the Tikamgarh, Datia, and Niwari districts of Madhya Pradesh.
Design: A community-based survey methodology was employed, alongside an analysis of program data and evaluation of anti-TB drug sales and utilization from both healthcare sectors.
Materials And Methods: Data were collected from district hospitals in both the public and private sectors.
BMC Psychol
August 2025
School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Background: To address the significant issue of students' heavy after-school study burden, many countries have enacted relevant policies. However, the effects of policy implementation are not always desirable. This study is informed by an analysis of how dominant social imaginaries and discourses in China-emphasizing accountability, performativity, competitiveness, and capital accrual-contribute to students' burdens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Teach
May 2025
Department of Educational Development and Research, School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Introduction: Scholars in higher education have long theorised the relational and political dimensions of social spaces, including their potential impact on students' wellbeing, sense of belongingness and identity, but this is a largely unexplored topic in health professions literature. To address this gap, we explored how student common rooms in a medical school were allocated and managed, and how these processes shaped student experiences. Our specific research question was: how does the design and management of student social space influence students' experience of this space? We adopted a constructivist perspective and drew upon Lefebvre's idea of space as a sensitising lens to guide our analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe association between contextual poverty and educational achievement is not well-researched in lower-income countries. This paper investigates this link and examines how it varies between urban and rural school locations in Bangladesh, acknowledging the dual urban-rural dynamics of the country. Analyses based on original school-level longitudinal data, encompassing over 90 per cent of secondary schools in Bangladesh, demonstrate that subdistrict-level educational poverty (measured as the proportion of adults with education below the primary level) has a stronger and significantly negative association with achievement at the secondary level compared to economic poverty (measured as the percentage of people under the national poverty line).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrev Vet Med
June 2025
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address:
In One Health context, ensuring animal access to veterinary services is crucial. Unfortunately, many communities lack such services, highlighting the need for subsidized options. Our study aimed to evaluate free access to the Canine and Feline Surgical Neutering Service in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a city with a large animal population.
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