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Inverted (pin) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) afford improved operating stability in comparison to their nip counterparts but have lagged in power conversion efficiency (PCE). The energetic losses responsible for this PCE deficit in pin PSCs occur primarily at the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge-transport layers. Additive and surface treatments that use passivating ligands usually bind to a single active binding site: This dense packing of electrically resistive passivants perpendicular to the surface may limit the fill factor in pin PSCs. We identified ligands that bind two neighboring lead(II) ion (Pb) defect sites in a planar ligand orientation on the perovskite. We fabricated pin PSCs and report a certified quasi-steady state PCE of 26.15 and 24.74% for 0.05- and 1.04-square centimeter illuminated areas, respectively. The devices retain 95% of their initial PCE after 1200 hours of continuous 1 sun maximum power point operation at 65°C.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adm9474 | DOI Listing |
Small Methods
September 2025
Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea.
NiO is widely used for hole-transporting layers in p-i-n-type perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its stability, wide bandgap (≈3.5 eV), and solution processability. However, during solution processing, oxygen exposure can induce non-stoichiometry, forming Ni.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
August 2025
School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from severe nonradiative recombination-induced photovoltage loss, limiting the device overall performance. To address this key issue, an efficient strategy via a dual-site anchoring bridge is developed to engineer the heterointerface between perovskite and PCBM electron transport layer. The resulting reinforced and homogeneous passivation by forming strong dual-site P─O─Pb covalent bonds, effectively decreases perovskite surface defect density.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
Metal halide perovskites have appeared as a promising semiconductor for high-efficiency and low-cost photovoltaic technologies. However, their performance and long-term stability are dramatically constrained by defects at the surface and grain boundaries of polycrystalline perovskite films formed during the processing. Herein, we propose a defect-targeted passivation strategy using 2-chlorocinnamic acid (2-Cl) to simultaneously enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P. R. China.
Despite the dazzling progress since the emergence of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a significant ideal-reality discrepancy with respect to the open-circuit voltage (V) still reminds the primarily weak parameter, inducing the limited power conversion efficiency (PCE) relative to its Shockley-Queisser theoretical limit. Eliminating the detrimental non-radiative recombination centers enriched at the surface/grain boundaries of perovskite films is generally regarded as the key approaches to bridge this gap. Herein, a perovskite crystallization dynamic regulation template is conducted to ensure the realization of both rapid nucleation and suppressed crystal growth through the synchronous incorporation of SCN and volatility NH ligands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Inverted p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have outperformed traditional n-i-p PSCs in recent years. A key advancement is the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as hole transport layers. One class of widely used SAMs is carbazole-based phosphonic acids.
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