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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is primarily manifested as synovitis and polyarticular opacity and typically leads to serious joint damage and irreversible disability, thus adversely affecting locomotion ability and life quality. Consequently, good prognosis heavily relies on the early diagnosis and effective therapeutic monitoring of RA. Activatable fluorescent probes play vital roles in the detection and imaging of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and in vivo imaging. Herein, we review the fluorescent probes developed for the detection and imaging of RA biomarkers, namely reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical, nitroxyl), pH, and cysteine, and address the related challenges and prospects to inspire the design of novel fluorescent probes and the improvement of their performance in RA studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40779-023-00467-7 | DOI Listing |
Chem Commun (Camb)
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tang Shan, P. R. China.
Singlet oxygen (O) plays a crucial role in cancer chemotherapy and ROS biology, driving the need for highly specific probes to monitor its dynamics in real time. Herein, we developed the ratiometric fluorescent probe NAP-t-PY, utilizing a 2-pyridone recognition unit. The probe's 1-methyl-3-benzyl-2-pyridone moiety reacts specifically with O [4 + 2] cycloaddition, forming the endoperoxide NAP-t-PY-EP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochem Photobiol Sci
September 2025
Faculity of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
In recent years, fluorescence-switchable molecules have garnered significant attention as fluorescent dyes for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, which is increasingly demanded in the field of biochemical imaging. Among such molecules, diarylethene-S,S,S',S'-tetraoxide derivatives have proven particularly promising due to their ability to achieve high contrast fluorescence switching. Diarylethenes incorporating perfluorocyclopentene as the ethene bridge have become the standard scaffold due to their excellent fatigue resistance and thermal stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)
September 2025
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Antigen-binding proteins, such as nanobodies, modified with functional small molecules hold great potential for applications including imaging probes, drug conjugates, and localized catalysts. However, traditional chemical labeling methods that randomly target lysine or cysteine residues often produce heterogeneous conjugates with limited reproducibility. Conventional site-specific conjugation approaches, which typically modify only the N- or C-terminus, may also be insufficient to achieve the desired functionalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
November 2025
Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China; Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang, 330103, PR China. Electronic address: pushouzhi
Background: The hydrogen sulfide (HS) in spoilage of raw meat poses significant food safety risks to human health. Meanwhile, as a signaling molecule, HS is crucial for maintaining human physiological homeostasis. Thus, the establishment of an efficient method for HS detection is essential for safeguarding human health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
November 2025
State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China; Zhangjiagang Institute of Nanjing Tech University, Suzhou, 215600, PR China. Electronic address:
Background: Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) ions are ubiquitous in industrial and daily life. Despite their critical impact on food safety and human health, current probes face significant limitations in simultaneously detecting both ions in complex food matrices.
Results: Herein, we successfully developed a pyrene-based FRET ratiometric fluorescent probe QP for the highly selective detection of Zn and Cd.