Cu/Li Heterotopic Doping to Enable Long-Term Cyclicity for P2-Type Nickel Manganese Based Sodium‑Ion Batteries.

P2-NaNiMnO is regarded as a viable cathode material for sodium ion batteries due to its high theoretical energy density. However, it also has challenges that impair its electrochemical performance, like the P2-O2 phase transition, the strong Jahn-Teller distortion effect, and the Na/vacancy ordering at high voltage. Here, an approach is proposed to use the Cu/Li binary doping modification of P2-NaNiMnO, which stabilizes the cathode structure by introducing Li into alkali metal sites and Cu at transition metal sites.

Gait Phase Recognition in Multi-Task Scenarios Based on sEMG Signals.

In the human-exoskeleton interaction process, accurately recognizing gait phases is crucial for effectively assessing the assistance provided by the exoskeleton. However, due to the similarity in muscle activation patterns between adjacent gait phases, the recognition accuracy is often low, which can easily lead to confusion in surface electromyography (sEMG) feature extraction. This paper proposes a real-time recognition method based on multi-scale fuzzy approximate root mean entropy (MFAREn) and an Efficient Multi-Scale Attention Convolutional Neural Network (EMACNN), building upon the concept of fuzzy approximate entropy.

Analysis of the release pattern of floral aroma components of Rhus chinensis based on HS-SPME-GC-MS technique.

Rhus chinensis, a native plant species of China, possesses significant economic value in the ornamental sector. This study investigates the floral fragrance components and release patterns of R. chinensis, thus providing a theoretical foundation for the utilization of its floral fragrance.

Comparison of Fecundity and Gall-Forming of the Horned-Gall Aphid, (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Different Populations.

The horned-gall aphid, , is the most economically valuable Chinese gallnut aphid species, playing a decisive role in the production of Chinese gallnuts. The method of cultivating the gallnut species with artificial moss and increasing the yield of gallnuts after inoculation has been applied in the main producing areas of Chinese gallnuts. However, it is still unclear whether artificial cultivation affects the fecundity and gall-forming effect of .

Identification of atypical T4SS effector proteins mediating bacterial defense.

To remain competitive, proteobacteria use various contact-dependent weapon systems to defend against microbial competitors. The bacterial-killing type IV secretion system (T4SS) is one such powerful weapon. It commonly controls the killing/competition between species by secreting the lethal T4SS effector (T4E) proteins carrying conserved XVIPCD domains into competing cells.

Comparison of multi-mode Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and multi-slit interference.

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference of multi-mode frequency entangled states plays a crucial role in quantum metrology. However, as the number of modes increases, the HOM interference pattern becomes increasingly complex, making it challenging to comprehend intuitively. To overcome this problem, we present the theory and simulation of multi-mode-HOM interference (MM-HOMI) and compare it to multi-slit interference (MSI).

Soil bacterium manipulates antifungal weapons by sensing intracellular type IVA secretion system effectors of a competitor.

Soil beneficial bacteria can effectively inhibit bacterial pathogens by assembling contact-dependent killing weapons, such as the type IVA secretion system (T4ASS). It's not clear whether these antibacterial weapons are involved in biotrophic microbial interactions in soil. Here we showed that an antifungal antibiotic 2,4-DAPG production of the soil bacterium, Pseudomonas protegens can be triggered by another soil bacterium, Lysobacter enzymogenes, via T4ASS by co-culturing on agar plates to mimic cell-to-cell contact.

Metabolites from YMF3.00690 Against .

The strains in spp. have the potential to control plant-parasitic nematodes. In our experiment, YMF3.

Comprehensive analysis of the biological functions of endoplasmic reticulum stress in prostate cancer.

Introduction: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has sizeable affect on cancer proliferation, metastasis, immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy resistance. However, the effect of ERS on the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer patients remains elusive. Here, we generated an ERS-related genes risk signature to evaluate the physiological function of ERS in PCa with BCR.

Candidate genes potentially involved in molting and body size reduction in the male of the horned gall aphid, .

In general, insects grow (increase in body size) through molting. To the opposite, the body size of the males of the horned gall aphid, , gets smaller after molting and as they age. To understand the molecular bases of this rare phenomenon, transcriptomes were generated from 1-5 days old male and the data were analyzed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

prevents infection by inhibiting pathogen growth and eliciting plant immune responses.

The pathogen causes enormous damage to important agricultural plants. This group of filamentous pathogens is phylogenetically distant from fungi, making them difficult to control by most chemical fungicides. OH11 (OH11) is a biocontrol bacterium that secretes HSAF (Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor) as a broad-spectrum antifungal weapon.

Loss of Flagella-Related Genes Enables a Nonflagellated, Fungal-Predating Bacterium To Strengthen the Synthesis of an Antifungal Weapon.

Loss of flagellar genes causes a nonmotile phenotype. The genus consists of numerous environmentally ubiquitous, nonflagellated bacteria, including Lysobacter enzymogenes, an antifungal bacterium that is beneficial to plants. still has many flagellar genes on its genome, although this bacterium does not engage in flagella-driven motility.

A New Genus and Species of Gall-Forming Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Hemsl. from Yunnan, China.

A new species of gall-forming aphid from China, gen. et sp. nov.

Docosahexaenoic acid production of the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana cultivated on renewable substrates from food processing waste under CO enrichment.

Leftover dough is a starch-rich food processing waste of Chinese steamed bread. Leftover dough hydrolysates enriched with glucose and amino acids were used to cultivate the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana to produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) under CO enrichment. Isochrysis galbana could use mixed carbon sources (CO, glucose, and amino acids) synchronously to grow and accumulate DHA.

Chromosome-level genome assembly for the horned-gall aphid provides insights into interactions between gall-making insect and its host plant.

The aphid is an economically important insect that can induce horned galls, which are valuable for the medicinal and chemical industries. Up to now, more than twenty aphid genomes have been reported. Most of the sequenced genomes are derived from free-living aphids.

Molecular and Histologic Adaptation of Horned Gall Induced by the Aphid (Pemphigidae).

Chinese galls are the result of hyperplasia in host plants induced by aphids. The metabolism and gene expression of these galls are modified to accommodate the aphids. Here, we highlight the molecular and histologic features of horned galls according to transcriptome and anatomical structures.

Wax glands of the horned gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, at different stages.

The horned gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, inhabits the productive species of Chinese gallnuts, which have economic value. Aphid wax glands are crucial for the survival of the insects, since the secreted waterproofing wax is important to protect the aphids from predators, pathogens and honeydew contamination. In this study, we investigated the structure of wax glands and their role in different aphid stages using light and electron microscopy.

A Complex Nutrient Exchange Between a Gall-Forming Aphid and Its Plant Host.

It has been a long-standing question as to whether the interaction between gall-forming insects and their host plants is merely parasitic or whether it may also benefit the host. On its host , the aphid induces the formation of closed galls, referred to as horned galls. Typically, mature aphid populations comprise thousands of individuals, which is sufficient to cause the accumulation of high CO levels in galls (on average 8-fold higher and up to 16 times than atmospheric levels).

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of Wolbachia in natural populations of nine galling Aphid species.

Wolbachia is one of the most abundant facultative intracellular symbionts in arthropods. It alters host biology in diverse ways, including the induction of reproductive manipulation, association of nutrient supplier and protection against pathogens. Aphids are a group of insects which exhibit interesting biological characteristics such as complex life cycles, alteration of sexual and asexual reproduction and shifts between two different hosts.

Microenvironmental analysis of two alternating hosts and their impact on the ecological adaptation of the horned sumac gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Hemiptera, Pemphiginae).

The aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell) induces horned galls on their primary host Rhus chinensis(Mill). These galls serve as closed habitats to support thousands of aphids per gall. Ecological parameters inside a gall are unknown.

Macro- and Microscopic Analyses of Anatomical Structures of Chinese Gallnuts and Their Functional Adaptation.

The galls induced by Schlechtendaia chinensis, Schlechtendaia peitan and Nurudea shiraii on Rhus chinensis and gall induced by Kaburagia rhusicola rhusicola on Rhus potaninii Maxim. are the largest plant galls and have great economic and medical values. We examined the structures of galls and their functional adaptation using various macro- and microscopic techniques.

Variation and diversification of the microbiome of Schlechtendalia chinensis on two alternate host plants.

Schlechtendalia chinensis, a gall-inducing aphid, has two host plants in its life cycle. Its wintering host is a moss (typically Plagiomnium maximoviczii) and its main host is Rhus chinensis (Sumac), on which it forms galls during the summer. This study investigated bacteria associated with S.

Molecular mechanisms of tannin accumulation in Rhus galls and genes involved in plant-insect interactions.

For galling aphids and their hosts, tannins are crucial for plant-insect interactions and for protecting the host plant from herbivory. Due to their peculiar chemical characteristics, tannins from plant galls have been used for medical and chemical purposes for more than 2000 years. In this study, hydrolyzable tannin concentrations in galls increased from gall initiation (38.