Metabolic Plasticity and Transcriptomic Reprogramming Orchestrate Hypoxia Adaptation in Yak.

The yak () has exceptional hypoxia resilience, making it an ideal model for studying high-altitude adaptation. Here, we investigated the effects of oxygen concentration on yak cardiac fibroblast proliferation and the underlying molecular regulatory pathways using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolic analyses. Decreased oxygen levels significantly inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation and activity.

Role of super-enhancer-associated miRNAs and histone modifications in intramuscular fat deposition in yak.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a crucial factor in determining meat quality, yet yak meat is typically characterized by low IMF levels. The epigenetic mechanisms underlying IMF deposition, particularly the role of super-enhancers (SEs), remain poorly understood. RNA-seq identified 66 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 56 DE pri-miRNAs in yak longissimus dorsi with varying IMF contents.

Liquid-liquid phase separation of membrane-less condensates: from biogenesis to function.

Membrane-less condensates (MLCs) are highly concentrated non-membrane-bounded structures in mammalian cells, comprising heterogeneous mixtures of proteins and/or nucleic acids. As dynamic compartments, MLCs can rapidly exchange components with the cellular environment, and their properties are easily altered in response to environmental signals, thus implicating that they can mediate numerous critical biological functions. A basic understanding of these condensates' formation, function, and underlying biomolecular driving forces has been obtained in recent years.

Distribution characteristics and screening reference values of NT-proBNP in high cardiovascular risk population.

Background And Aim: N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a key biomarker for assessing cardiac function and hemodynamic stress. However, clinical guidelines lack clear recommendations on its utility in populations at risk of heart failure (HF), including those with hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. This study aimed to characterize the distribution of NT-proBNP levels in HF-prone individuals and establish population-specific screening thresholds.

SRSF3 and hnRNP A1-mediated m6A-modified circCDK14 regulates intramuscular fat deposition by acting as miR-4492-z sponge.

The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of yak beef is critical for determining its quality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of endogenous non-coding RNAs that have emerged as important factors in the regulation of IMF deposition. However, the molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs regulate IMF deposition, particularly in yaks, remain unclear.

Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of differentially expressed genes in the sertoli cells of yak and cattle-yak.

Background: To study the problem of male sterility of cattle-yak and improve the yak crossbreeding, this study obtained the testicular Sertoli cells of yak and cattle-yak and compared the differences in transcriptome levels between the two bovine species. The testicular tissues of 3 healthy male cattle-yaks and 3 F generation male yaks were collected at the age of 24 months. The Sertoli cells were isolated after enzymatic digestion, differential adhesion and starvation treatment.

Effect of on the proliferation and differentiation of yak skeletal muscle satellite cells.

The severe conditions at high altitudes, where yaks inhabit, contribute to delayed muscular growth and compromised tenderness of their muscle tissue. Myosatellite cells are responsible for the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle after birth and have the potential to proliferate and differentiate, its development is closely related to meat quality, and the nuclear receptor gene is involved in muscle formation and skeletal muscle regulation. Therefore, in order to understand the effect of on muscle satellite cells, we identified the mRNA expression levels of marker genes specifically expressed in muscle satellite cells at different stages to determine the type of cells isolated.

Gelatinase MMP Expression Is Correlated with Muscle Fiber Growth in Maiwa Yak Gluteus Maximus.

Yak (Bos grunniens) is the only large mammal species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The most of the studies in yak remain confined for the main contributor of meat, which requires a good understanding of muscle growth. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 are widely expressed in mammal tissues they mainly degrade collagen in the extracellular matrix for muscle development.

Serum Procalcitonin, Hematology Parameters, and Cell Morphology in Multiple Clinical Conditions and Sepsis.

Background: The clinical value of procalcitonin (PCT) in infection diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum PCT and different clinical conditions as well as other infectious/inflammatory parameters in different septic patients in order to elucidate the value of PCT detection in infection management.

Methods: Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used for serum PCT analysis.

Comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns and function of the axis in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells.

Background: The long interspersed nuclear element 1 () retrotransposon has been identified as a specific substrate for fat mass and obesity-related gene (), which facilitates the removal of N-methyladenosine modifications from its targeted RNAs.

Methods: This study examined the dynamic interaction between and in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells, utilizing RT-qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), immunofluorescence staining, and techniques involving overexpression and interference of and to elucidate the relationship between and in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells.

Results: Cloning and analysis of the coding sequence in Jiulong yak revealed a conserved protein structure across various breeds, with notable homology observed with domestic yak, domestic cattle, and Java bison.

Analytical and clinical performance evaluation of a new NT-proBNP assay.

Background: The study evaluated the performance of the Mindray N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in a healthy population in China, focusing on creating a reference range for future clinical applications adjusted according to different demographics.

Methods: The study measured NT-proBNP in 2277 healthy individuals. We analyzed age and sex-stratified data, performed precision, accuracy, linearitcvy, and detection limit studies, and evaluated method comparison and consistency between Roche and Mindray assays on 724 serum samples.

Protein Lactylation Profiles Provide Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Metabolism in Yak.

Protein lysine lactylation, a recently discovered post-translational modification (PTM), is prevalent across tissues and cells of diverse species, serving as a regulator of glycolytic flux and biological metabolism. The yak (), a species that has inhabited the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for millennia, has evolved intricate adaptive mechanisms to cope with the region's unique geographical and climatic conditions, exhibiting remarkable energy utilization and metabolic efficiency. Nonetheless, the specific landscape of lysine lactylation in yaks remains poorly understood.

Additional glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro promotes the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia from sterile cattleyak.

Cattleyak is a typically male sterile species. The meiosis process is blocked and the scarcity of spermatogenic stems cells are both contributing factors to the inability of male cattleyak to produce sperm. While Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the first discovered growth factor known to promote the proliferation and self-renewal of spermatogenic stem cells, its relationship to the spermatogenesis arrest of cattleyak remains unclear.

Transcriptional and open chromatin analysis of bovine skeletal muscle development by single-cell sequencing.

Skeletal muscle is a complex heterogeneous tissue and characterizing its cellular heterogeneity and transcriptional and epigenetic signatures are important for understanding the details of its ontogeny. In our study, we applied scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq to investigate the cell types, molecular features, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and patterns of developing bovine skeletal muscle from gestational, lactational and adult stages. Detailed molecular analyses were used to dissect cellular heterogeneity, and we deduced the differentiation trajectory of myogenic cells and uncovered their dynamic gene expression profiles.

Dynamic alterations in yak () rumen microbiome in response to seasonal variations in diet.

Rumen microorganisms play important roles in the healthy growth of yaks. This study investigated changes in yak rumen microbiome during natural grazing at the warm seasons and supplementary feeding at cold seasons. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and metagenome analysis were conducted to investigate the structures and functions of yak rumen microbial communities.

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle.

Due to its prominent secretory activity, adipose tissue (AT) is now considered a major player in the crosstalk between organs, especially with skeletal muscle. In which, exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of a wide range of molecules that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Considering their underlying roles, the regulatory mechanisms of adipose-secreted exosomes and their cellular crosstalk with skeletal muscle have received great attention in the field.

Functional study and epigenetic targets analyses of in intramuscular preadipocytes via ChIP-seq and mRNA-seq.

The epigenetic regulator is involved in hepatic lipid homoeostasis. However, the role of in regulating intramuscular fat deposition as well as the pathways and potential epigenetic targets involved remain unknown. Herein, we investigate function, its genome-wide epigenetic target profile, and transcriptomic changes under overexpression during yak intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation.

Genome-wide comparison of DNA methylation patterns between yak and three cattle strains and their potential association with mRNA transcription.

Yak has evolved specific adaptative mechanisms to high-altitude environment. Up to date, only a few studies reported the DNA methylation in yak. In the present study, genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome profiles in lung, mammary, and biceps brachii muscle tissues were compared between yak and three cattle breeds (Tibetan cattle, Sanjiang cattle, and Holstein cattle).

Codon Usage Bias and Cluster Analysis of the and Genes in Seven Mammals.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are a family of Zn and Ca-dependent gelatinase MMPs that regulate muscle development and disease treatment, and they are highly conservative during biological evolution. Despite increasing knowledge of genes, their evolutionary mechanism for functional adaption remains unclear. Moreover, analysis of codon usage bias (CUB) is reliable to understand evolutionary associations.

DNA methylome of primary spermatocyte reveals epigenetic dysregulation associated with male sterility of cattleyak.

DNA cytosine methylation modification in the germline is of particular importance since it is a highly heritable epigenetic mark. Although cytosine methylation has been analyzed at the genome-scale for several mammalian species, our knowledge of DNA methylation patterns and the mechanisms underlying male hybrid sterility is still limited in domestic animals such as cattleyak. Here we for the first time show the genome-wide and single-base resolution landscape of methylcytosines (mC) in the primary spermatocyte (PSC) genome of yak with normal spermatogenesis and the inter-specific hybrid cattleyak with male infertility.

Molecular Regulation of Yak Preadipocyte Differentiation and Proliferation by and ceRNA Regulatory Network Analysis.

The positive regulatory role of in differentiation and lipid deposition in yak intramuscular preadipocytes has been demonstrated in our previous study. However, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to produce complete mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiles after adenovirus-mediated overexpression in yak preadipocytes using high-throughput sequencing.