Modulating tumor collagen fiber alignment for enhanced lung cancer immunotherapy via inhaled RNA.

The clinical effectiveness of immunotherapies for lung cancers has been greatly hindered by the immune-excluded and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and limited pulmonary accessibility of therapeutics. Here, we develop an inhalable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system that enables simultaneous delivery of mRNA encoding anti-discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) single-chain variable fragments (mscFv) and siRNA targeting PD-L1 (siPD-L1) into pulmonary cancer cells. The secreted anti-DDR1 scFv blocks the binding of DDR1 extracellular domain to collagen, disrupting collagen fiber alignment and reducing tumor stiffness, thereby facilitating T cell infiltration.

Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) promotes Di-butyl phthalate (DBP)-induced hypospadias by regulating mitophagy through PINK1-Parkin axis to inhibit ferroptosis.

This study reveals how Di-butyl phthalate (DBP), an estrogen-mimicking environmental pollutant, induces hypospadias by inhibiting ferroptosis through ESR1 activation and PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Utilizing a prenatal DBP-exposed fetal rat hypospadias model, we observed significant downregulation of pro-ferroptotic ACSL4 and upregulation of anti-ferroptotic GPX4/SLC7A11 in urethral tissues, alongside elevated oxidative stress markers (MDA, Fe²⁺) and reduced glutathione (GSH). In vitro experiments using rat urethral plate fibroblasts (RUPFs) demonstrated that DBP enhanced ferroptosis resistance and promoted proliferation at concentrations below 200 μM.

SN-38-cholesterol NPs-loaded PDA NPs/agarose & pluronic F-127 hydrogel system for controlled chemo-phototherapy in tumor-localized treatment.

Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) has low mechanical strength at low concentrations and a high gel-sol transition temperature at high concentrations, which limits its use as a controlled drug-release carrier. To address this issue while preserving the hydrogel's high biocompatibility, we developed a hydrogel system consisting of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs), agarose, and PF-127 (PDA/APF) in which agarose forms a secondary network and PDA NPs enhance hydrogen bonding in the network, thereby improving the mechanical strength and stability of the hydrogel. This modification prolonged the hydrogel's degradation period to approximately seven days and maintained gel-sol transition temperature at 59.

Patrolling and Cleaning: Threat Detection and Response Behaviors of Soldiers in a Social Aphid.

Housekeeping and colony defense behaviors are crucial for social aphids, as they help maintain a habitable living environment and enhance their ecological adaptability. However, over the past decades, numerous studies have focused on housekeeping and colony defense behaviors in species living in primary hosts, but little attention has been given to the secondary host stage. This constrains a deeper understanding of the altruistic behavior of social aphids, as well as the ecological and evolutionary significance of such behavior.

A mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1-μm resolution.

Multi-omics studies, represented by connectomes and spatial transcriptomes, have entered the era of single-cell resolution, necessitating a reference brain atlas with spatial localization capability at the single-cell level. However, such atlases are unavailable. Here we present a whole mouse brain dataset of Nissl-based cytoarchitecture with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography.

New Steroids Obtained from Leaves Inhibit the Invasive Bacteria pv. and pv. .

Invasive bacteria have caused tremendous losses to global ecosystems and agricultural production, yet effective control measures remain elusive. Plant specialized metabolites are being investigated as an important source of antimicrobial active substances. And is an abundant tree widespread throughout Northeast China.

Norsesquiterpenes from and Their Replacement Control of an Invasive Plant, , Through Allelopathy.

(Poaceae), a perennial forage, has high economic and nutritional value. It is often used as a replacement control for some invasive plants, as it has achieved good ecological and economic effects. However, its control effects, allelochemicals, allelopathic effects, release pathways, and contents are still unclear in the process of replacement control of an invasive plant, (Asteraceae).

A combinatorial siRNA and mRNA approach for obesity treatment using targeting lipid nanoparticles.

Obesity, a widespread global health issue affecting millions, is characterized by excess fat deposition and metabolic dysfunction, significantly elevating the risk of comorbidities like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, all of which contribute to rising rates of preventable morbidity and mortality. Current approaches to obesity, including lifestyle modifications, and pharmacotherapy, often face limitations such as poor long-term adherence, side effects, and insufficient targeting of the complex, multifactorial pathways underlying the disease. Herein we report a dual, RNA-mediated combinatorial approach using targeting lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for the treatment of obesity.

QRICH1, as a key effector of endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhances HBV in promoting HMGB1 translocation and secretion in hepatocytes.

Background: Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) serves as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and leads to diverse biological effects, including the aggravation of HBV-related liver diseases. However, mechanisms underlying HMGB1 secretion in HBV-induced hepatic injury and fibrosis remain unclear. Glutamine-rich 1 (QRICH1) is known as a critical effector of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is elevated in liver diseases.

RGF Gene Family Analysis and Functional Evidence for RGF8-Mediated Salt Stress Tolerance in Brassica Species.

L. is a vital oil crop and exhibits notable salt tolerance, making the enhancement of this trait crucial for cultivation in saline soils. Uncovering its underlying mechanism may further heighten the salt tolerance of .

Research and application of bolter miner airborne drilling rig.

Considering that'heading must be explored'is strictly implemented in roadway excavation, the large volume of the bolter miner (BM) makes it impossible for conventional drilling rigs (DR) to deploy and drill in front of it quickly and easily. This paper proposes a new type of airborne DR. Based on the analysis of the excavation face's working conditions and functional requirements, the overall structure design and operation process design of the new DR were completed.

A highly sensitive one-step nanobody-based immunoassay to specifically detect antibodies against fowl adenovirus serotype 4.

Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), has resulted in significant economic damage to the poultry industry. To monitor viral exposure and vaccine efficacy, some traditional antibody-based immunoassays have been developed for detecting anti-FAdV-4 antibodies. However, these assays have some drawbacks including multi-step operations and higher production cost.

An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Mechanical Properties and Damage Evolution of Cemented Tailings Backfill Under Uniaxial Compression.

A comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of backfill under compression is crucial for optimizing its design, improving stope stability and enhancing resource recovery. Laboratory testing and numerical simulation were conducted to study the mechanical properties and damage mechanism of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) with different cement-to-tailings (c/t) ratios under uniaxial compression. Laboratory testing was used to investigate the strength and deformation characteristics, macroscopic failure modes, and energy evolution patterns of CTB, while simulation with Particle Flow Code (PFC) was employed to explore the distribution of microcracks and mesoscopic damage mechanisms.

Causal links between obesity, lipids, adipokines, and cognition: a bidirectional Mendelian-randomization analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the genetic level association between obesity, lipids, adipokines, and cognitive ability using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) strategies.

Methods: Summary data for three obesity indicators [body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP) and waist-hip ratio (WHR)], three lipid indicators [HDL cholesterol (HDL), LDL cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG)], three adipokines [circulating leptin (LEP), Agouti-related protein (AgRP) and Adiponectin (APDN)], and four cognitive ability indicators [cognitive function (CF), cognitive performance (CP), simple reaction time (SRT) and fluid intelligence score (FIS)] were collected. Bidirectional inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to evaluate the relationship between adiposity and cognitive function.

ATF6-mediated mild ER stress inhibits HBV transcription and replication, which is dependent on mTOR activation.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a serious global health problem. In our previous investigation, HBV was found to activate a mild ER stress, which facilitated the establishment of persistent HBV infection. However, the role of ER stress manipulation in HBV replication and its underlying mechanisms remain still unclear.

Ultrasensitive sulphide detecting by using Au (core)-Ag (shell) triangular nanoprisms.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), the third endogenous gaseous molecule, plays a crucial role in biological signaling and metabolic processes. It has garnered significant attention from researchers in the field of biochemistry. The highly sensitive detection of HS is essential for elucidating its functions and has long been a key objective in biochemical sensing.

Genome Characterization of Mammalian Orthoreovirus and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Isolated from the Same Fattening Pig.

In 2020, severe diarrhea occurred in four-month-old fattening pigs from nine farms in Shandong Province, China. Fecal samples were collected from diseased pigs and tested by PCR for the presence of mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), porcine rotavirus A (PoRVA), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine kobuvirus (PKV), and pseudorabies virus (PRV). The viral RNA of MRV and PEDV was detected in the fecal samples.

[Clinical efficacy of 's subcutaneous needling based on "multi-joint muscle spiral balance chain" theory for cervical vertigo and its effect on blood flow velocity of vertebral artery].

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of 's subcutaneous needling based on "multi-joint muscle spiral balance chain" theory for cervical vertigo (CV) and its effect on blood flow velocity of vertebral artery.

Methods: A total of 60 patients with CV were randomized into a Fu's subcutaneous needling group and a medication group, 30 cases in each one. In the Fu's subcutaneous needling group, 's subcutaneous needling was delivered at Dazhui (GV14), the flexible tube was retained for 5 min after sweeping manipulation, and the treatment was given once every other day, 3 times a week for 3 weeks.

Collision detection method for anchor digging machine water drilling rig.

Loading water drilling rig on the anchor digging machine can effectively increase the tunneling efficiency. In order to avoid the interference between the water drilling rig and the anchor machine in the working process, it is necessary to calculate the joint variables of the drilling rig accurately. Using the robot kinematics analysis method, the kinematics model of the system is established.

Effects and Related Mechanisms of Allelopathy of 's Pollens on Corn Pollens, Stigmas, and Yield.

, a worldwide malignant invasive weed, can inhibit corn seed germination, seedling growth, and yield through allelopathy. However, it is unclear whether it can inhibit activities of corn pollens and stigmas and, thus, decrease corn yield through allelopathy. Here, we studied the allelopathic effects and related mechanisms of 's pollens on corn pollens, stigmas, and yield.

Sustained Drug Release from Dual-Responsive Hydrogels for Local Cancer Chemo-Photothermal Therapy.

As an exceptional carrier for localized drug delivery to tumors, hydrogels can achieve prolonged drug release through careful design and adjustments, effectively targeting cancer cells and minimizing side effects. This study investigates a novel dual-responsive hydrogel system designed for the delivery of nanomedicines, focusing on drug release and the local antitumor efficacy of SN-38-cholesterol nanoparticles (SN-38-chol NPs) and polydopamine NPs (PDA NPs)/poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogels. By combining the thermosensitive properties of pNIPAM with the near-infrared (NIR) responsiveness of PDA NPs, the hydrogel aims to enhance on-demand drug release.

Prediction of strata settlement in undersea metal mining based on deep forest.

Undersea mining encounters challenges due to the presence of seawater. An influx of seawater into stop in undersea can result in enormous disaster. Predicting strata settlement is a crucial measure to ensure the safety of undersea mining.

Prediction methods for phonon transport properties of inorganic crystals: from traditional approaches to artificial intelligence.

In inorganic crystals, phonons are the elementary excitations describing the collective atomic motions. The study of phonons plays an important role in terms of understanding thermal transport behavior and acoustic properties, as well as exploring the interactions between phonons and other energy carriers in materials. Thus, efficient and accurate prediction of phonon transport properties such as thermal conductivity is crucial for revealing, designing, and regulating material properties to meet practical requirements.

Genome-wide pan-GPCR cell libraries accelerate drug discovery.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are pivotal in mediating diverse physiological and pathological processes, rendering them promising targets for drug discovery. GPCRs account for about 40% of FDA-approved drugs, representing the most successful drug targets. However, only approximately 15% of the 800 human GPCRs are targeted by market drugs, leaving numerous opportunities for drug discovery among the remaining receptors.