A sphingolipid-derived paclitaxel nanovesicle enhances efficacy of combination therapies in triple-negative breast cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Taxol and Abraxane, the US Food and Drug Administration-approved paclitaxel (PTX) formulations, have revealed hypersensitivity due to excipients and mediocre efficacy due to insufficient tumor penetration, respectively. Here we developed a sphingolipid-derived PTX nanovesicle (paclitaxome) via covalently conjugating PTX to sphingomyelin, which improved pharmacokinetics and enhanced efficacy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and pancreatic cancer female mice and reduced myelosuppression. To bolster tumor penetration and reduce phagocytosis, we engineered a cationization-enabled transcytosis machinery by installing an ultra-pH-sensitive azepane (AZE) probe into paclitaxome and masked nanovesicle surface with a CD47 'self' peptide (CD47p).

Moderating effect of insulin resistance on the relationship between cortical surface area and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Objective: The mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to brain structure and cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine whether IR mediates or moderates the association between cortical surface area (CSA) and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (PFES).

Obesity, cytokines and psychopathology in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Background: Obesity and dysregulated cytokine levels are prevalent in schizophrenia patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment. While cytokines are implicated in obesity, their relationship with psychopathology in schizophrenia remains underexplored. This study investigated associations between body mass index (BMI), cytokine levels, and clinical symptoms in chronic schizophrenia patients.

The neurofucntional abnormalities of temporal gyrus underly impaired sensory attenuation in schizophrenia during action-outcome contingent paradigm.

Previous research suggests that individuals with schizophrenia may exhibit impairments in sensory attenuation. This neurocognitive process is defined as reduced neural responses in sensory cortices to self-generated actions compared with externally triggered sensory inputs. However, the specific neuroimaging association between sensory attenuation deficits and schizophrenia has not been fully established.

The relationship between perceived organizational support and insomnia in psychiatric nurses in China: the mediating role of psychological capital.

Background: Psychiatric nurses routinely operate in high-stress, high-risk environments, making insomnia a prevalent issue that profoundly impacts their physical and mental well-being, as well as the quality of patient care. Empirical evidence suggests that insomnia not only diminishes occupational performance but also substantially increases the risk, posing a substantial risk to patient safety. Nevertheless, investigations into the underlying mechanisms driving insomnia among psychiatric nurses remain scarce.

Association Between Daytime Sleepiness and Quality of Life in Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation of Cognitive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms.

Background: Daytime sleepiness is prevalent among Chinese adolescents and has been associated with increased depressive symptoms, impaired cognitive function, and reduced quality of life. However, the interrelationships among these variables remain unclear, particularly regarding whether cognitive function moderates the association between daytime sleepiness and quality of life.

Methods: A large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted among 52,964 students (grades 7-12) across five geographically diverse regions of China.

Resting-state functional connectivity of neural circuits associated with primary and secondary rewards linked to positive and negative symptoms of first-episode schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia may be diagnosed based on the presence of positive and negative symptoms. However, the underlying pathophysiology of these positive and negative symptoms remains poorly understood. In this study, we used resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to evaluate the integrity of neural circuits associated with primary and secondary rewards in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and their relationship with positive and negative symptoms to better understand the physiological and pathological mechanisms of positive or negative symptoms.

Cortisol response patterns to stress correlated to white matter integrity and duration of illness in patients with schizophrenia.

Stress plays a critical role in schizophrenia pathogenesis, and blunted cortisol responses to acute stress exposure among patients with schizophrenia may be related to damaged white matter (WM) fibers in specific brain regions. The present aim was to assess correlations between cortisol response patterns and changes in WM integrity in patients with schizophrenia and to determine if such changes relate to the duration of illness. This study included patients with chronic schizophrenia (PCS, n = 92), patients with first-episode schizophrenia (PFS, n = 86), and healthy controls (HC, n = 77).

The Deteriorated Center-Surround Suppression in Patients With First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are often associated with inhibition deficits in the visual cortex. Most previous research has focused on visual inhibition in MDD patients during acute and remission phases, with little research on first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. To fill this gap, we psychophysically investigated the inhibitory process of visual motion in patients with FEDN MDD.

Enhanced delivery of camptothecin to colorectal carcinoma using a tumor-penetrating peptide targeting p32.

Camptothesome, a sphingomyelin (SM)-conjugated camptothecin (CPT) vesicular nanotherapeutic, addresses the poor solubility and lactone instability of CPT while enhancing drug loading, pharmacokinetics, and tumor distribution compared to CPT physically entrapped in conventional liposomes. Despite these improvements, the tumor uptake remains limited. To further enhance the tumor delivery efficiency and minimize the off-target distribution, we functionalize Camptothesome with the LinTT1 peptide, a CendR motif, which binds to overexpressed p32 proteins on tumor cell surface, initiating effective transcytosis for deep tumor penetration.

Hearing vocals to recognize schizophrenia: speech discriminant analysis with fusion of emotions and features based on deep learning.

Background And Objective: Accurate detection of schizophrenia poses a grand challenge as a complex and heterogeneous mental disorder. Current diagnostic criteria rely primarily on clinical symptoms, which may not fully capture individual differences and the heterogeneity of the disorder. In this study, a discriminative model of schizophrenic speech based on deep learning is developed, which combines different emotional stimuli and features.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Depression Inpatients from 2005 to 2018 in Beijing, China.

There are few data on the comorbidity of diabetes in Chinese patients with depression. We aimed to calculate the prevalence and explore risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among depression inpatients from 2005 to 2018 in Beijing. This study is a cross-sectional study.

Physical activity alleviates mental health problems related to bullying through moderating rumination.

Background: Physical activity and experiencing bullying is a protective and risk factor for mental health, respectively. Adolescents who suffer from bullying tend to be trapped in rumination, leading to mental health problem. However, the interaction among them from the perspective of increasing protective factors and reducing risk factors is unclear.

Cognitive and clinical dimensions of structural and functional insula alterations in patients with depression: a resting-state fMRI study.

Depression is characterized by pervasive cognitive and emotional disturbances, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits remain incompletely understood. This study utilized multimodal neuroimaging, including resting-state functional MRI and structural T1-weighted imaging, alongside the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), to delineate the structural and functional alterations in the insula in first-episode, medication-naïve patients with depression. Compared to matched healthy controls, patients with depression exhibited significant reductions in gray matter density in the left insula, which were robustly associated with impairments in reasoning and problem-solving abilities.

Phenome-wide association studies between and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objectives: has been associated with alcoholism, bipolar disorder and autism, but the comparability and specificity issues of the findings remain unaddressed. The present study aimed to comprehensively analyze various neuropsychiatric disorders pinpoint the most reliable conditions predisposed by .

Methods: A total of 2,187 imputed SNPs across were examined in 1,167,439 subjects from 72 independent cohorts with 18 different neuropsychiatric disorders.

Aberrant Cortical Morphological Networks in First-Episode Schizophrenia.

Background And Hypothesis: Population-based morphological covariance networks are widely reported to be altered in schizophrenia. Individualized morphological brain network approaches have emerged recently. We hypothesize that individualized morphological brain networks are disrupted in schizophrenia.

Multiomics analysis reveals aberrant tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and immunity linked gut microbiota with cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder.

Objective: Cognitive impairment occurs throughout the entire course of and affects the work and life of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway (KP) and inflammatory response may have important roles in the mechanism of cognitive impairment in MDD patients. Consequently, our goal was to investigate the association among the gut microbiota, inflammation, KP, and cognition in MDD.

Subcortical and insula functional connectivity aberrations and clinical implications in first-episode schizophrenia.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder whose pathophysiology remains elusive, particularly in the roles of subcortex. This study aims to explore the role of subcortex and insula and their relationship with symptom changes in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients by utilizing machine learning algorithms and functional connectivity (FC).

Methods: The study encompasses 261 participants, sourced from two independent samples of FES patients and their matched healthy controls (HC).

A novel animal model of spontaneous epilepsy: Cdk5 knockout in pericyte-specific mice.

Changes in neurovascular unit components and their interactions play a crucial role in epileptogenesis and the pathological process of epilepsy. Currently, there is a lack of animal models that can accurately reflect the etiological impact of cerebrovascular lesions on epilepsy. In this study, we constructed cyclin-dependent kinase 5 conditional knockout mice in Cspg4 (pericyte marker)-positive cells using the Cre-LoxP system.