Theoretical limits of passive daytime radiative cooling in extraterrestrial environments: implications for space exploration.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) enables sub-ambient cooling without external energy input, a feature that has attracted significant research attention. While most studies have focused on PDRC performance in terrestrial environments, extraterrestrial settings offer the potential for superior cooling due to the absence of convective heat transfer and atmospheric thermal radiation. To address this gap, we investigate the extreme optical properties and radiative cooling performance of PDRC materials in extraterrestrial settings, specifically paints and ceramics, known for their strong solar reflectance, high thermal emissivity, and ease of fabrication.

Ultra-sensitive room temperature ammonia detection enabled by MEMS-based 0D/1D/2D PAMo nanocomposites.

A 0D/1D/2D Au/PANI/MoS hierarchical nanocomposite based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) was successfully synthesized through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. This composite overcomes the performance bottlenecks of single or dual-component combinations through a multi-dimensional synergy of "interface coordination-charge penetration-path optimization-stability enhancement." The built-in electric field generated by the p-n heterojunction formed between PANI and MoS₂ can drive the directional migration of carriers, thereby optimizing the carrier transport process.

Over 26% and 24%-Efficiency Rigid and Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics through Enhanced Crystallinity and Alleviated Residual Strains.

The realization of the perovskite with few ionic defects, high crystallinity, and alleviated residual strains is crucial for making efficient rigid and flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we used a passivating agent of 3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazine with strong anchoring strengths to passivate defects of the perovskite. This buried interface passivation improved the crystallinity of the perovskite with an alleviated residual strain while eliminating the localized deep-level defect states, thereby reducing the nonradiative recombination and minimizing the charge transport losses.

Preference of negatively charged membranes in magnesium and lithium separation by nanofiltration.

Despite the traditional co-ion competition theory suggesting that positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membranes are best for Li⁺/Mg²⁺ separation, practical applications predominantly utilize negatively charged membranes. Furthermore, most biological ion channels in nature are characterized by negatively charged functional groups. To address this theoretical discrepancy, we conducted a comprehensive study that integrates experimental data with molecular dynamics simulations to explore the transport behavior of Mg²⁺ and Li⁺ through negatively charged NF membranes.

The Deteriorated Center-Surround Suppression in Patients With First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are often associated with inhibition deficits in the visual cortex. Most previous research has focused on visual inhibition in MDD patients during acute and remission phases, with little research on first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. To fill this gap, we psychophysically investigated the inhibitory process of visual motion in patients with FEDN MDD.

Willd. ex Schltdl. Mitigates Liver Injury via KEAP1-NFE2L2-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulation: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.

Liver injury poses major health risks in livestock, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions. This study elucidates the hepatoprotective mechanisms of Willd. ex Schltdl.

Enhancing E-Nose Performance via Metal-Oxide Based MEMS Sensor Arrays Optimization and Feature Alignment for Drug Classification.

This article introduces a novel approach to improve electronic nose classification accuracy by optimizing sensor arrays and aligning features. This involves selecting the best sensor combinations and reducing redundant information for better odor recognition. We employ a feature alignment algorithm to address the discrepancies that impede model sharing between electronic nose devices.

Tianjihuang compound alleviates aflatoxin B-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by targeting PPARα-TGF-β pathway in ducklings.

Aflatoxin B (AFB), a potent mycotoxin, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, particularly affecting the health and growth of ducklings. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the Tianjihuang compound (HRS), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, on AFB-induced chronic toxicity in ducklings. Firstly, 30 ingredients, including neochlorogenic acid, kaempferol 3-alpha-D-galactoside, quercetin, hispidulin, caffeic acid, and myricetin, were identified from HRS with UPLC-MS/MS method.

CRTC2 Forms Co-Condensates with YTHDF2 That Enhance Translational Efficiency of m6A-Modified mRNAs to Drive Hepatocarcinogenesis and Lenvatinib Resistance.

As the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern. Despite its prevalence, treatment options are limited, underscoring the need to identify potential therapeutic targets and strategies. In this study, we identified amplification of cAMP response element-binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2), situated in the 1q21.

Identification of SERS Fingerprints for Diagnosis and Staging of Liver Injury.

Acute liver injury is a common hepatic condition that, without timely diagnosis and treatment, can easily progress to life-threatening liver failure. Identifying key biomolecular changes in the pathogenesis of liver injury is critical for the precise diagnosis of hepatic injury. In this study, we identified novel molecular fingerprints associated with hepatic injury using artificial intelligence-assisted Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology.

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Adoptive cell therapy, which involves isolating and activating a patient's own immune cells, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), before re-infusing them, represents a promising experimental approach. However, techniques for adoptive cell transfer in preclinical pancreatic cancer models are not well established.

Enhancing Functional Breast Imaging: A sCMOS Camera-Based Lock-in Implementation for Dynamic Tomography.

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) enables the in vivo quantification of tissue chromophores, specifically the discernment of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbO and HbR, correspondingly). This specific criterion is useful in detecting and predicting early-stage neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment response. To address the issues of the limited channels in the fiber-dependent breast DOT system and limited signal-to-noise ratio in the camera-dependent systems, we hereby present a camera-based lock-in detection scheme to achieve dynamic DOT with improved SNR, which adopted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cancer risk: A cohort study.

Background: Fatty liver disease may be associated with increased risks of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cancers. Our objective was to investigate associations between new subcategories of steatotic liver disease (SLD) recently proposed by nomenclature consensus group and cancer risk.

Methods: A total of 283 238 participants from the UK Biobank were included.

Annexin A2: the feasibility of being a therapeutic target associated with cancer metastasis and drug resistance in cancer microenvironment.

At present, there is still a lack of effective treatment strategies for cancer metastasis and drug resistance, so finding effective biomarkers is particularly important. AnnexinA2 (ANXA2), a vital membrane protein, critically influences cancer progression, tumor invasion, and tumor microenvironment modulation. To assess the possible application of ANXA2 as a therapeutic target against cancer cell metastasis and drug resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in the tumor microenvironment, we elucidated the functionality of ANXA2 in stromal cells, angiogenic vascular cells, and infiltrated immune cells that mediate metastasis and drug resistance, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.

Carbazole-Based Dual-Band Electrochromic Polymers: The Effect of Linkage Sites on Electrochromic Performance.

Dual-band electrochromic (EC) materials are expected to be utilized as building materials for energy saving, but their cycle stability is still an obstacle. Here, two D-A conjugated polymers, PDPPCz36 and PDPPCz27, based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and carbazole linked with different sites, are synthesized. Both of them exhibit dual-band EC behaviors with a dark blue color in the neutral state and high absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region when oxidized.

An Eu (III)-functionalized covalent organic framework fluorescent probe for specific detection of Flumequine based on pore restriction and antenna effect.

The overuse of quinolone antibiotics has led to a series of health and environmental issues. Herein, we combine the distinct luminescence properties of Eu with the unique structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to develop a precise and sensitive fluorescent probe for detecting Flumequine (Flu) in water. Eu is thoroughly anchored into the channels of COFs as recognition sites, while the synthesized probe material still maintains its intact framework structure.

[Micro-energy medicine in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: An update].

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common sexual disorders in males, which seriously affects the health of the patient and well-being of the family. The therapeutic strategy of ED is an individualized comprehensive treatment based on phosphodiesterase inhibitors. At present, as a new option for the treatment of ED, micro-energy medicine has attracted more and more attention in its therapeutic effects and advantages.

Efficient and stable semitransparent perovskite photovoltaics a Lewis base incorporation.

Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) have great potential in building integrated photovoltaics. However, semitransparent devices suffer from a low electron mobility and an imbalanced charge-carrier transport, leading to an unsatisfactory power conversion efficiency (PCE) and limited stability. Herein, we report a high-performance ST-PSC the incorporation of a special Lewis base.

23.81%-Efficiency Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability and Flexibility via a Lewis Base Passivation.

Lewis base molecules bind the undercoordinated lead atoms at interfaces and grain boundaries, leading to the high efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We demonstrated a highly efficient, stable, and flexible PSC via interface passivation using a Lewis base of tri(-tolyl)phosphine (TTP). It not only induced an intimate interface contact and a complete deposition of the perovskite thin layers on hole transport layers (HTLs) but also led to a better perovskite with a raised crystallinity, fewer defects, and a better morphology, including fewer gullies, high uniformity, and low roughness.

Research progress on the relationship between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and the microbiota of the reproductive system.

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common pelvic pain syndrome in males, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. For a long time, CP/CPPS has been considered a complex and variable disease, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Currently, CP/CPPS is believed to be a group of diseases characterized by pelvic pain or discomfort, urinary abnormalities, and other symptoms, each with its unique etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes, likely resulting from the action of pathogens or (and) certain non-infectious factors.

Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the microorganisms of expressed prostatic secretion in patients with IIIB prostatitis.

To detect and analyze the changes of microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of patients with IIIB prostatitis before and after low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment, and to explore the mechanism of LIPUS in the treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP). 25 patients (study power was estimated using a Dirichlet-multinomial approach and reached 96.5% at α = 0.

Discovery of the Next-Generation Platinum-Based Anticancer Agents for Combating Oxaliplatin-Induced Drug Resistance.

Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy has proven to be one of the most effective treatments for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. However, increasing clinical resistance to oxaliplatin poses unprecedented challenges for both patients and clinicians. Despite extensive efforts to combat this issue, to date, no new molecules have been discovered that can successfully replace oxaliplatin.

USP11 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of human spermatogonial stem cells via HOXC5-mediated canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are capable of transmitting genetic information to the next generations and they are the initial cells for spermatogenesis. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown about key genes and signaling pathways that regulate fate determinations of human SSCs and male infertility. In this study, we explored the expression, function, and mechanism of USP11 in controlling the proliferation and apoptosis of human SSCs as well as the association between its abnormality and azoospermia.