MFPI-Net: A Multi-Scale Feature Perception and Interaction Network for Semantic Segmentation of Urban Remote Sensing Images.

To improve semantic segmentation performance for complex urban remote sensing images with multi-scale object distribution, class similarity, and small object omission, this paper proposes MFPI-Net, an encoder-decoder-based semantic segmentation network. It includes four core modules: a Swin Transformer backbone encoder, a diverse dilation rates attention shuffle decoder (DDRASD), a multi-scale convolutional feature enhancement module (MCFEM), and a cross-path residual fusion module (CPRFM). The Swin Transformer efficiently extracts multi-level global semantic features through its hierarchical structure and window attention mechanism.

Advances in oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using protein-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises chronic autoimmune disorders with significant morbidity, highlighting the need for advanced, noninvasive, targeted therapies. Protein-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems (PNP-DDSs) have emerged as promising platforms to overcome limitations of conventional IBD therapies by improving drug stability and bioavailability while enabling colon-specific delivery. This review systematically classifies PNP-DDSs derived from natural proteins (albumin, gelatin, silk fibroin, and plant-derived proteins) and discusses their design principles along with strategies for intestinal targeting, including particle size and surface charge modulation, stimuli-responsive release (triggered by pH, reactive oxygen species, or enzymes), and active targeting.

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed the immunosuppressive remodeling of tumor-associated macrophages mediated by the MIF-CD74 axis in gastric cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal immunosuppressive components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in gastric cancer (GC), yet their heterogeneity and metabolic crosstalk with tumor cells remain poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 75,743 cells from 11 GC tissues and identified four distinct TAM subsets (TAM-APOE, TAM-IDO1, TAM-SKAP1, TAM-POLB), each exhibiting unique functional signatures. Among these, the TAM-APOE subset, enriched in lipid metabolism and complement pathways, showed the strongest interaction with tumor cells via the MIF-CD74 axis.

[Comparative study on effectiveness of double reverse traction reduction versus open reduction internal fixation in treating complex tibial plateau fractures].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and advantages of the double reverse traction reduction versus open reduction internal fixation for treating complex tibial plateau fractures.

Methods: A clinical data of 25 patients with Schatzker type Ⅴ or Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures, who met the selection criteria and were admitted between January 2019 and January 2023, was retrospectively analyzed. Thirteen patients underwent double reverse traction reduction and internal fixation (double reverse traction group), while 12 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (traditional open group).

Research Status of Agricultural Nanotechnology and Its Application in Horticultural Crops.

Global food security is facing numerous severe challenges. Population growth, climate change, and irrational agricultural inputs have led to a reduction in available arable land, a decline in soil fertility, and difficulties in increasing crop yields. As a result, the supply of food and agricultural products is under serious threat.

Chloroquine Enhances Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer via mTOR Inhibition.

: Chloroquine (CQ) has been extensively validated for its safety as an antimalarial drug. The treatment regimen combining CQ with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has demonstrated promising antitumor effects in both in vitro and animal models. However, the clinical application of this combination therapy still faces numerous challenges, primarily due to the unelucidated mechanistic underpinnings.

Inhibition of Macrophage Activation by Minocycline Attenuates CCI-Induced Neuropathic Pain.

Neuropathic pain is characterized by a high prevalence and associated with a variety of disorders of the peripheral and central nervous systems. It remains a major challenge for clinical management due to lack effective treatments. Our previous studies have demonstrated that nerve injury-induced neuroinflammation plays a critical role in regulating the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain.

Metabolic alterations and immune heterogeneity in gastric cancer metastasis.

Cellular metabolic reprogramming supports tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by enhancing resistance to stress and immune clearance. Understanding these metabolic changes within the tumor microenvironment is vital to developing effective therapies. We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on 11 gastric cancer (GC) samples and eight metastatic lesions, analyzing 92,842 cells across eight cell types, including cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells.

Lysosomal EGFR acts as a Rheb-GEF independent of its kinase activity to activate mTORC1.

Oncogenic mutations in EGFR often result in EGF-independent constitutive activation and aberrant trafficking and are associated with several human malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer. A major consequence of EGFR mutations is the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which requires EGFR kinase activity and downstream PI3K/AKT signaling, resulting in increased cell proliferation. However, recent studies have elucidated kinase-independent roles of EGFR in cell survival and cancer progression.

Effect of microglial Pd1 on glial scar formation after spinal cord injury in mice.

The cross talk between microglia and astrocytes following spinal cord injury (SCI) greatly decides the prognosis. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which microglia regulate astrocytic activity post-SCI is lacking. Programmed cell death protein 1 (Pdcd1, Pd1) plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses by exerting suppressive effects on microglia and peripheral immune cells within the central nervous system.

Micro/Nanoplastics in plantation agricultural products: behavior process, phytotoxicity under biotic and abiotic stresses, and controlling strategies.

With the extensive utilization of plastic products, microplastics/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) contamination not only poses a global hazard to the environment, but also induces a new threat to the growth development and nutritional quality of plantation agricultural products. This study thoroughly examines the behavior of MPs/NPs, including their sources, entry routes into plants, phytotoxicity under various biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g.

WTX-L/β-arrestin2/LCN2 axis controls vulnerability to ferroptosis in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide. Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death emerging as a promising strategy for cancer therapy, whereas the regulation mechanism remains unclear. WTX has been recognized as a potential tumor suppressor, but attempts at targeted therapy have not achieved substantial progress.

Shape-recoverable chitosan/sodium alginate aerogels with sustained oxygen release and antibacterial activity for diabetic wound healing.

Wounds in diabetic patients are often inhibited in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis due to insufficient oxygen supply, leading to prolonged healing time. Although oxygen therapy has been shown to promote the healing of chronic wounds, its therapeutic effectiveness remains limited by high costs, complex procedures, and a lack of sustainability. In this study, we developed an aerogel composed of chitosan (CS), sodium alginate (SA), and calcium peroxide (CPO).

Facile synthesis of flower-cluster ZIF nanocarriers: Performance in controlled release of thiamethoxam and insecticidal activity.

At present, it is highly important to develop nanopesticide, which can improve the effect of pesticides and reduce the risks of environmental. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is usually used as a nanocarrier of nanopesticide, which has a porous structure and stimuli-responsive properties. However, the drug loading performance and stability of ZIF are poor.

Reconfigurable entanglement distribution network based on pump management of a spontaneous four-wave mixing source.

Leveraging the unique properties of quantum entanglement, quantum entanglement distribution networks support multiple quantum information applications and are essential to the development of quantum networks. However, practical implementation poses fundamental challenges to network scalability and flexibility. Here, we propose a reconfigurable entanglement distribution network scheme based on tunable multipump excitation of a spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) source and a time-sharing method.

Enhanced Visual SLAM for Collision-Free Driving with Lightweight Autonomous Cars.

The paper presents a vision-based obstacle avoidance strategy for lightweight self-driving cars that can be run on a CPU-only device using a single RGB-D camera. The method consists of two steps: visual perception and path planning. The visual perception part uses ORBSLAM3 enhanced with optical flow to estimate the car's poses and extract rich texture information from the scene.

Activation of P2X7R Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes the Migration and Differentiation of Schwann Cells.

In the vertebrate nervous system, myelination of nerve fibers is crucial for the rapid propagation of action potentials through saltatory conduction. Schwann cells-the main glial cells and myelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system-play a crucial role in myelination. Following injury during the repair of peripheral nerve injuries, a significant amount of ATP is secreted.

Aloperine Suppresses Cancer Progression by Interacting with VPS4A to Inhibit Autophagosome-lysosome Fusion in NSCLC.

Aloperine (ALO), a quinolizidine-type alkaloid isolated from a natural Chinese herb, has shown promising antitumor effects. Nevertheless, its common mechanism of action and specific target remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that ALO inhibits the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro and the tumor development in several mouse tumor models in vivo.

Harnessing a silicon carbide nanowire photoelectric synaptic device for novel visual adaptation spiking neural networks.

Visual adaptation is essential for optimizing the image quality and sensitivity of artificial vision systems in real-world lighting conditions. However, additional modules, leading to time delays and potentially increasing power consumption, are needed for traditional artificial vision systems to implement visual adaptation. Here, an ITO/PMMA/SiC-NWs/ITO photoelectric synaptic device is developed for compact artificial vision systems with the visual adaption function.

Copper single-atom catalysts for broad-spectrum antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) antimicrobial: Activation of peroxides and mechanism of ARBs inactivation.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) have been widely detected in wastewater and become a potential threat to human health. This work found that low-load single-atom copper (0.1 wt%) anchored on g-CN (SA-Cu/g-CN) exhibited excellent ability to activate HO and inactivate ARBs during the photo-Fenton process.

NOX4 exacerbates Parkinson's disease pathology by promoting neuronal ferroptosis and neuroinflammation.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202507000-00026/figure1/v/2024-09-09T124005Z/r/image-tiff Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, plays a vital role in the death of dopaminergic neurons.

Microglial apolipoprotein E particles contribute to neuronal senescence and synaptotoxicity.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia exhibit a substantial upregulation of apoE in AD-associated circumstances, despite astrocytes being the primary source of apoE expression and secretion in the brain. Although the role of astrocytic apoE in the brain has been extensively investigated, it remains unclear that whether and how apoE particles generated from astrocytes and microglia differ in biological characteristic and function.

Preparation and characterization of quercetin@ZIF-L/GO@AgNPs nanocomposite film for room-temperature strawberry preservation.

Fresh strawberries are easily contaminated by microorganisms after picking. Therefore, how to effectively store and keep fresh strawberries has been a hot topic for scientists to study. In this study, we prepared a leaf shaped metal organic framework nanomaterial loaded with quercetin (Quercetin@ZIF-L) at first, which can achieve effective loading of quercetin (96%) within 45 min and has a controlled release effect under acidic conditions.