Altitude-Linked Distribution Patterns of Serum and Hair Mineral Elements in Healthy Yak Calves from Ganzi Prefecture.

Mineral imbalances in livestock can critically impair growth, immunity, and productivity. Yaks inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau face unique environmental challenges, including high-altitude-induced nutrient variability. This study investigated the status of mineral elements and their correlations with altitude in healthy yak calves across five regions in Ganzi Prefecture, located at elevations ranging from 3100 to 4100 m.

Effects of Copper on Steroid Hormone Secretion, Steroidogenic Enzyme Expression, and Transcriptomic Profiles in Yak Ovarian Granulosa Cells.

Yak (Bos grunniens) is the main economic animal growing in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because of its poor growing environment, copper deficiency is common. Studies have shown that appropriate copper supplementation can improve the reproductive performance of heifers.

Recombinant serralysin metalloproteases D enhances the intracellular replication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) and co-infection are commonly observed in the respiratory tract of cattle subjected to respiratory diseases. However, the potential effects of proteases from on the IBRV infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of recombinant serralysin-like protease D (rSPD) in modulating IBRV infection in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells.

Establishment and application of multiplex PCR method for detection of , , and from cattle.

Introduction: Dermatophytosis, which is a contagious fungal skin infection common in animals and humans, is the most common skin disease in cattle. It has a serious negative impact on the livestock industry. In order to circumvent the shortcomings of traditional detection methods such as time-consuming and low isolation rate.

Effects of Trace Elements and Vitamins on the Synthesis of Steroid Hormones in Follicular Granulosa Cells of Yak.

Yak (), a special breed of cattle on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has low fertility due to nutritional deficiency, especially the trace elements. The steroid hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) synthesized by yak follicular granulosa cells (BGCs) are involved in the entire reproductive process. In the present study, we investigated the effects of trace elements and vitamins on yak follicular GCs, including the cellular activity, the synthesis of E2 and P4, and the expression of genes related to steroid hormone synthesis.

Multi-omics investigation into long-distance road transportation effects on respiratory health and immunometabolic responses in calves.

Background: Long-distance road transportation is a common practice in the beef industry, frequently resulting in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and compromised growth performance. However, a comprehensive investigation integrating clinical performance, physiological conditions, and nasopharyngeal microflora remains lacking.

Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory health and immunometabolic status of 54 beef calves subjected to a 3000-km journey.

Alkaline Mineral Complex Water Attenuates Transportation-Induced Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Dysregulation by AMPKα-SREBP-1c/PPARα Pathways.

Transportation, an unavoidable process in livestock farming, causes metabolic disorders in the body, which then lead to endocrine disruption, being immunocompromised, and growth suppression. Lipid metabolism dysregulation is a critical phenotype induced by transportation. The liver is a vital organ in lipid metabolism, with a role in both lipid synthesis and lipolysis.

Development and characterization of an immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line to explore airway physiology and pathology in yak ().

Airway epithelial cells play a crucial role in investigating the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the respiratory tract in yaks, a species whose unique respiratory system has garnered extensive interest. Despite this growing interest, there currently are no available airway epithelial cell lines from yaks, underscoring the crucial need to establish a yak respiratory epithelial cell line. Therefore, our objective was to isolate a population of primary yak nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (pYNE) and transform them into immortalized yak nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (iYNE), assessing their suitability as an model.

Effects of meloxicam on the welfare of Holstein calves from 6 weeks to 6 months old undergoing amputation dehorning.

Amputation dehorning (AD) is a common practice performed on calves, causing harmful effects such as pain, distress, anxiety, and fear. These effects extend to behavioral, physiological, and hematological responses, prompting serious ethical concerns regarding animal welfare, even when performed with local anesthesia. Meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been widely used to mitigate the side effects of dehorning and disbudding in calves.

Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Nano-Se Against Copper-Induced Spermatogenesis Disorder.

Selenium nanoparticle (Nano-Se) is a new type of selenium supplement, which can improve the deficiency of traditional selenium supplements and maintain its physiological activity. Due to industrial pollution and irrational use in agriculture, Cu overexposure often occurs in animals and humans. In this study, Nano-Se alleviated CuSO-induced testicular Cu accumulation, serum testosterone level decrease, testicular structural damage, and decrease in sperm quality.

Matrine and icariin can inhibit bovine viral diarrhoea virus replication by promoting type I interferon response .

Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause diarrhoea (BVD) in an animal herd, leading to heavy economic losses. There are limited drugs available for treating and controlling BVD. This research aims to investigate the antiviral and immunoregulatory effects of two traditional Chinese herb extracts against BVDV infection.

Multi-omics reveals that alkaline mineral water improves the respiratory health and growth performance of transported calves.

Background: Long-distance transportation, a frequent practice in the cattle industry, stresses calves and results in morbidity, mortality, and growth suppression, leading to welfare concerns and economic losses. Alkaline mineral water (AMW) is an electrolyte additive containing multiple mineral elements and shows stress-mitigating effects on humans and bovines.

Results: Here, we monitored the respiratory health status and growth performance of 60 Simmental calves subjected to 30 hours of road transportation using a clinical scoring system.

Copper Promotes LPS-Induced Inflammation via the NF-кB Pathway in Bovine Macrophages.

Inflammation is a complex physiological process that enables the clearance of pathogens and repairing damaged tissues. Elevated serum copper concentration has been reported in cases of inflammation, but the role of copper in inflammatory responses remains unclear. This study used bovine macrophages to establish lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model.

Effects of CuSO on hepatic mitochondrial function, biogenesis and dynamics in mice.

Copper is an essential trace element for animal. Excessive intake of copper will cause a large accumulation of copper in the body, especially in the liver, and induce hepatotoxicity, however, there are few studies on the effects of copper on hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. In this study, mice were treated with different doses of CuSO (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 21 and 42 days by gavage.

Metabolome and Transcriptome Combinatory Profiling Reveals Fluconazole Resistance Mechanisms of and the Role of Farnesol in Fluconazole Tolerance.

is a basidiomycete yeast that is pathogenic to humans and animals, and fluconazole-resistant strains have recently increased. Farnesol secreted by fungi is a factor that causes variations in fluconazole resistance; however, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to delineate the fluconazole resistance mechanisms of and explore farnesol's effects on these processes.

Apoptosis and DNA damage mediated by ROS involved in male reproductive toxicity in mice induced by Nickel.

Nickel (Ni) is the most important environmental pollution in the world. Ni has been confirmed to have multi-organ toxicology and carcinogenicity. Recently, Ni also can impair the male reproductive system, however, its precious mechanism still has not been clarified.

Nickel induces blood-testis barrier damage through ROS-mediated p38 MAPK pathways in mice.

Nickel (Ni) is an essential common environmental contaminant, it is hazardous to male reproduction, but the precise mechanisms are still unknown. Blood-testis barrier (BTB), an important testicular structure consisting of connections between sertoli cells, is the target of reproductive toxicity caused by many environmental toxins. In this study, ultrastructure observation and BTB integrity assay results indicated that NiCl induced BTB damage.

A Clinical Trial on the Welfare Effects of Administering Meloxicam to 10 to 21 Day Dairy Calves Following Caustic Paste Disbudding.

Caustic paste disbudding (CPD) is widely utilized for calves, which has been known to result in adverse effects on the calves and ethical concerns related to animal welfare, despite the use of local anesthetics. The administration of meloxicam has been demonstrated to provide benefits in alleviating pain and inflammation in juvenile calves under 9 d old and subjected to CPD. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of literature documenting the beneficial impact of meloxicam in alleviating pain in calves aged over 9 d that have undergone CPD.

Low Glucose plus β-Hydroxybutyrate Induces an Enhanced Inflammatory Response in Yak Alveolar Macrophages via Activating the GPR109A/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Yaks are often subject to long-term starvation and a high prevalence of respiratory diseases and mortality in the withered season, yet the mechanisms that cause this remain unclear. Research has demonstrated that β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) plays a significant role in regulating the immune system. Hence, we hypothesize that the low glucose and high BHB condition induced by severe starvation might have an effect on the pro-inflammatory response of the alveolar macrophages (AMs) in yaks.

Unraveling extracellular protein signatures to enhance live attenuated vaccine development through type II secretion system disruption in Vibriomimicus.

Type II secretion systems (T2SS) are important molecular machines used by bacteria to transport a wide range of proteins across the outer membrane from the periplasm. Vibrio mimicus is an epidemic pathogen threats to both aquatic animals and human health. Our previous study demonstrates that T2SS deletion reduced virulence by 307.

Integrated bioinformatics identifies key mediators in cytokine storm and tissue remodeling during infection in yellow catfish .

Introduction: The pathogenesis of infection in yellow catfish () remains poorly understood, particularly regarding the impact of infection with the pathogen on primary target organs such as the skin and muscle.

Methods: In this study, we aim to analyze the pathological intricacies of the skin and muscle of yellow catfish after being infected with using a 1/10 LC seven-day post-infection model. Furthermore, we have utilized integrated bioinformatics to comprehensively elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and identify the key regulatory genes implicated in this phenomenon.

Autophagy-mediated ferroptosis involved in nickel-induced nephrotoxicity in the mice.

Nickel, as a widely polluted metal, has been shown nephrotoxicity. Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Our study found that nickel chloride (NiCl) induced ferroptosis in mouse kidney and TCMK-1 cells.