Genetic evolution, epidemic trends, and recombination dynamics of PRRSV-1 in China.

The persistent threat of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to the global swine industry is exacerbated by the virus's high mutation rate and frequent recombination events. In China, the emergence of new PRRSV-1 strains in recent years has posed a significant challenge to the sustainability of pork production. This study systematically investigated the epidemiological patterns, genetic evolution, recombination dynamics, GP5 genetic diversity, and N-glycosylation variants of PRRSV-1 strains circulating in China.

Augmenting cGAS/STING-mediated innate immunity by copper-based nanoplatform for synergistic cancer immunotherapy via inducing irreversible DNA damage.

Activation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Actually, endogenous damaged double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can intrinsically activate this pathway, but tumor resistance often arises through extensive DNA repair mechanisms. To overcome this challenge, we firstly developed ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitor (ATMi) loaded hollow-structured CuS nanoparticles with in situ surface growth of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs; chemo-prodrugs), termed as HCuS@Pt@ATMi (HCuSPtA).

Production of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles as a vaccine candidate in stable cell lines through inducible E and M protein expression.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer potentially high-immunogenicity/low-cost vaccine platforms. SARS-CoV-2 VLPs production is achieved via transient transfection of genes encoding viral structural proteins, but is costly and difficult to scale up. To address this problem, stable VLPs-producing cell lines are desirable.

Surface engineering strategies for particulate photocatalysts toward photocatalytic HO production.

The photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) using particulate photocatalysts is a safe, sustainable and green process that requires only oxygen and water as feedstocks and solar energy as a power source. Surface engineering on particulate photocatalysts can significantly improve the performance of photocatalytic HO production by optimizing light absorption, surface charge separation, and reaction pathways. To provide a comprehensive and systematic illustration of this topic, various surface engineering strategies are classified and elaborated in this review, which are mainly included in the following two aspects.

Neuromodulation techniques for the treatment of spinal cord injury: current progress, challenges, and future prospects.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is considered one of the key factors leading to severe loss of motor and sensory function, which has a profound negative impact on the quality of life of patients. With the continuous development of medical technology, neurostimulation techniques have gradually shown their importance in treating spinal cord injuries, demonstrating the potential for positive effects on functional recovery. Currently, various neurostimulation methods, including electrical stimulation, drug therapy, and biofeedback, have been employed in clinical research on spinal cord injury.

The influence of high-fat diet and energy-restricted diet on hematopoietic stem cells: mechanisms and implications.

Increasing evidence demonstrates a close relationship between daily diet and homeostasis of the body's internal environment, particularly hematopoietic system homeostasis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are located at the top of the hematopoietic system and have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various types of immune cells. They play an important role in maintaining body stability and health.

Dual targeted ferritin-based delivery system blocks the crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts to potentiate immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

The crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays a pivotal role in maintaining immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (iTME) and promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Herein, we first verify that the presence of CAFs significantly promotes colorectal cancer progression and causes an iTME in mouse model and publicly available single-cell data. Then, we constructed a ferritin-based dual-targeting delivery system, named HFAI (mHFn-FAPI@ATMi/ICG), to prevent communications between cancer cells and CAFs to enhance colorectal cancer immunotherapy.

[Effect and mechanism of Shenmai Injection in regulating copper death in myocardial fibrosis in rats].

Based on copper death, this study investigates the effect and mechanism of Shenmai Injection on isoproterenol(ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis(MF) in rats. SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, captopril(5 mg·kg~(-1)) positive control group, and Shenmai Injection low(6 mL·kg~(-1)), medium(9 mL·kg~(-1)), and high(12 mL·kg~(-1)) dose groups. Except for the normal group, the rats in the other groups were subcutaneously injected with ISO(5 mg·kg~(-1)) once a day for 10 consecutive days to establish an MF model.

Shen-fu Injection Modulates HIF- 1α/BNIP3-Mediated Mitophagy to Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Coronary reperfusion therapy is the most common surgical treatment for myocardial infarction, but it can further induce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Therefore, MIRI following coronary intervention is a challenging clinical issue. This study aims to investigate the involvement of HIF- 1α/BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in the protective effects of Shen-fu Injection (SFI) on MIRI in rats.

Solar-Driven Massive Production of Dimerized Imine in Aqueous Phase via an Atomically Engineered Photocatalyst.

Photocatalytic selective oxidation of organics coupled with green H evolution represents a promising avenue for the sustainable production of value-added chemicals, but suffers from sluggish charge separation and difficult selectivity manipulation. In particular, the Schottky barrier-induced adsorption of expected organic products at reduction sites tends to trigger the hydrogenation side reaction, which is more pronounced in the ideal aqueous environment due to distinct polarity. Here, we report a precise cocatalyst strategy on ZnInS (ZIS) photocatalyst at the atomic level to eliminate the Schottky barrier between ZIS and cocatalyst, thus achieving exceptional activity (565 µmol h) and selectivity (99%) for photocatalytic dimerized imine production in aqueous media, which is five times more effective than ZIS loaded with Pt nanoparticles.

Improving ferroptosis-mediated immunotherapy for colorectal cancer through lysosome-targeted photodynamic therapy.

Lysosomes is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for improving immunotherapy, which dysfunction would trigger lysosomal membrane permeabilization increase and subsequent leakage of reduced iron, which contributed to ferroptosis through cell-intrinsic Fenton chemistry. However, the integrity of lysosomal membranes is not susceptible to disrupt, owing to the presence of several Endo-lysosomal damage-response mechanisms. Herein, we developed a lysosome-targeted photosensitizer (TLA), which possessed robust light stability, good bio-compatibility, and high photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect.

The molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis and its relevance to atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with lipid deposition in the vascular intima. Copper is a vital trace element implicated in the onset and progression of AS. Excessive intracellular copper accumulation induces a unique form of cell death termed "cuproptosis.

Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2.

Aims: Magnesium ions (Mg) play an important role in promoting cartilage repair in cartilage lesions. However, no research has focused on the role of Mg combined with microfracture (MFX) in hyaline-like cartilage repair mediated by cartilage injury. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of the combination of MFX and Mg in cartilage repair.

Study on metabolic disorders in rat liver induced by different times after scalds.

Previous studies have confirmed that burns and scalds can lead to metabolic disorders in the liver. However, the effects of severe burns at various time points on liver lipid metabolism disorders, as well as the relationship between these disorders and liver function, metabolism, and infection, have not yet been investigated.This study established a SD rat scald model, macroscopic observation of weight changes, histological staining, Western blot detection of fat browning and metabolic indicators, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the expression of liver new fat generation genes, determination of liver function and inflammatory indicators.

Non-Radical Mediated Photocatalytic HO Synthesis in Conjugate-Enhanced Phenolic Resins with Ultrafast Charge Separation.

It is essential for the development of highly efficient polymeric photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. Nevertheless, the non-uniform molecular structures and sluggish reaction pathway of polymeric photocatalysts lead to low conversion efficiency. In this work, we report sulfur-contained phenolic resins with regulated conjugation for photocatalytic HO production.

Corrigendum: Radiosensitizing effects of pyrogallol-loaded mesoporous or-ganosilica nanoparticles on gastric cancer by amplified ferroptosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.

Role of blood metabolites in mediating the effect of gut microbiota on chronic gastritis.

Exploring the link between gut microbiota and chronic gastritis (CG), and assessing the potential mediating influence of blood metabolites. Using aggregated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the genetic links between gut microbiota (412 types) and CG (623,822 cases). Furthermore, we utilized a two-step MR approach to measure the extent to which blood metabolites (1,400 types) mediate the impact of gut microbiota on CG.

Unraveling the origins of pathogenic CXCL13 helper T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

This Research Highlight discusses a recent publication, where the authors identified an increase in CXCL13 peripheral helper T/follicular helper T cells, which was concomitant with a decrease in CD96 T helper 22 (T22) cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The genetic and epigenetic cues that reciprocally regulate this pathogenic imbalance of T-cell subsets were also identified, thus providing targets for therapeutic intervention.

Icariside I enhances the effects of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer via targeting TRPV4 and upregulating the cGAS-STING-IFN-I pathway.

Gastrointestinal cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer immunotherapy has become an innovative approach in cancer treatment; however, its efficacy in gastrointestinal cancer is limited by the absence of infiltration of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is therefore urgent to develop a novel therapeutic drug to enhance immunotherapy.

The activity of early-life gene regulatory elements is hijacked in aging through pervasive AP-1-linked chromatin opening.

A mechanistic connection between aging and development is largely unexplored. Through profiling age-related chromatin and transcriptional changes across 22 murine cell types, analyzed alongside previous mouse and human organismal maturation datasets, we uncovered a transcription factor binding site (TFBS) signature common to both processes. Early-life candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs), progressively losing accessibility during maturation and aging, are enriched for cell-type identity TFBSs.

NIR Absorbing Organic Chromophores Combination with NSAIDs for Remodeling of the Inflammatory Microenvironment to Amplify Tumor Ferroptosis-Photothermal Synergistic Therapy.

Photothermal therapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, which can cause ferroptosis to enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. However, excessively generated immunogenicity will induce serious inflammatory response syndrome, resulting in a discounted therapeutic effect. Herein, a kind of NIR absorption small organic chromophore nanoparticles (TTHM NPs) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (68.

HWJMSC-EVs promote cartilage regeneration and repair via the ITGB1/TGF-β/Smad2/3 axis mediated by microfractures.

The current first-line treatment for repairing cartilage defects in clinical practice is the creation of microfractures (MF) to stimulate the release of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, this method has many limitations. Recent studies have found that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play an important role in tissue regeneration. This study aimed to verify whether MSC-EVs promote cartilage damage repair mediated by MFs and to explore the repair mechanisms.