S100A4 Facilitates Radiation-Induced Tumor Repopulation by Driving Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells Budding.

Radiotherapy, a pivotal treatment for colorectal cancer, is compromised by tumor repopulation, which is characterized by accelerated growth and increased treatment resistance. Although radiation-induced DNA breaks eliminate most cells, a subset of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) evade death through massive genomic amplification, subsequently undergoing depolyploidization via a viral budding-like process to generate proliferative progeny. Critically, these PGCCs drive tumor repopulation and underpin therapeutic failure.

Activated Interferon-γ-Positive T Lymphocytes and Cytokine Signatures in Patients With Postinfectious Cough.

Postinfectious subacute cough (PISC) and postinfectious chronic cough (PICC) are triggered by respiratory infections, which induce adaptive immunity. The expression of T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokine signatures remains elusive in these patients. Here, we recruited 40 healthy controls, 64 PICC patients, 65 PISC patients, and 20 recovered individuals with postinfectious subacute cough (R-PISC).

Cyclosporin A alleviates influenza A (H1N1) virus-induced chronic pulmonary inflammation through decreasing IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes.

Influenza causes 3-5 million severe cases globally each year, with severe viral pneumonia often requiring hospitalization for over four weeks. While the inflammatory response to influenza infection helps control viral replication, excessive inflammation is a key driver of disease severity and mortality. Excessive pulmonary lymphocytes, particularly IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes, contribute significantly to pulmonary inflammation at the late-stage of H1N1 viral infection.

High-Pressure Synthesis and Structure of Quasi-One-Dimensional BaMSe (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf).

The ternary selenides BaMSe (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) were successfully synthesized through a solid-state reaction under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. These compounds crystallize in a hexagonal structure, consisting mainly of one-dimensional (1D) face-sharing MSe octahedral chains and Se chains. The intriguing superlattice along 1D chains was identified by theoretically calculating the Fermi surface and phonon spectrum of the BaMSe primitive cell (where M = Ti, Zr, and Hf).

MNMO: discover driver genes from a multi-omics data based-multi-layer network.

Motivation: Cancer as a public health problem is driven by genomic variations in "cancer driver" genes. The identification of driver genes is critical for the discovery of key biomarkers and the development of personalized therapy.

Results: We propose a prediction method MNMO: a multi-layer network model based on multi-omics data.

A customized partitioned microneedle array based on functionalized glycol chitosan for prolonged blood glucose regulation and prevention of diabetic neuropathy.

Efficient glycemic control serves as the cornerstone of diabetes and its complication treatments, necessitating additional symptomatic medications or nutritional supplements tailored to various complications. However, different diseases and medications require specific treatment regimens and drug delivery methods. For instance, conventional subcutaneous insulin injections suffer from uncontrollable release rates and onset times.

Sorafenib-induced cardiovascular toxicity: A cause for concern.

Sorafenib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is primarily used to manage hepatocellular carcinoma, advanced renal cell carcinoma, and differentiated thyroid cancer. Although this drug extends patient survival and slows tumor progression, its cardiovascular toxicity substantially impacts of quality of life. Effective the prevention and treatment of the resulting complications are needed.

SIGRN: Inferring Gene Regulatory Network with Soft Introspective Variational Autoencoders.

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) exhibit the complex regulatory relationships among genes, which are essential for understanding developmental biology and uncovering the fundamental aspects of various biological phenomena. It is an effective and economical way to infer GRNs from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with computational methods. Recent researches have been done on the problem by using variational autoencoder (VAE) and structural equation model (SEM).

Bacteria-based biohybrids for remodeling adenosine-mediated immunosuppression to boost radiotherapy-triggered antitumor immune response.

Radiotherapy (RT) can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells and release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to activate antitumor immunity. However, the formation of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) mediated by ectonucleotidases including CD39 and CD73, can exacerbate the immunosuppressive effects. Herein, a radiosensitizer-based metal-organic framework (MOF) composed of bismuth (Bi) and ellagic acid (EA) was synthesized in situ on the surface of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to serve as a carrier for the CD39 inhibitor sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1).

An Optimal Design Method for Lightweight Heating Film of Anisotropic Heat Conduction Substrate Based on Surrogate Model.

In space missions, heating films are crucial for uniformly heating onboard equipment for precise temperature control. This study develops an optimization method using surrogate models for lightweight anisotropic substrate thermal conductive heating films, meeting the requirements of uniform heating in thermal control for space applications. A feedforward neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) was employed to create a surrogate model, mapping design parameters to the temperature uniformity of the heating film.

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice.

Chronic cough, which lasts for more than 8 weeks, is one of the most common complaints requiring medical attention, and patients suffer from a huge socioeconomic burden and a marked decrement in quality of life. Animal models can mimic the complex pathophysiology of the cough and are important tools for cough research. The detection of cough sensitivity and airway inflammation is of great significance for studying the complex pathological mechanism of cough.

Petaloid Metal-Organic Frameworks for Resiquimod Delivery To Potentiate Antitumor Immunity.

The morphological features of materials significantly influence their interactions with cells, consequently affecting the cellular uptake of these materials. In this study, we examine the cellular uptake behavior of spherical metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and petaloid MOFs, both possessing similar sizes and compositions. In comparison to spherical MOFs, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages exhibit superior phagocytic uptake of petaloid MOFs.

Prediction of clinical risk assessment and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of disease exacerbation and decreased survival. We aimed to develop and validate a non-invasive nomogram for predicting COPD associated with severe PH and a prognostic nomogram for patients with COPD and concurrent PH (COPD-PH).

Methods: This study included 535 patients with COPD-PH from six hospitals.

Spin-degree manipulation for one-dimensional room-temperature ferromagnetism in a haldane system.

The intricate correlation between lattice geometry, topological behavior and charge degrees of freedom plays a key role in determining the physical and chemical properties of a quantum-magnetic system. Herein, we investigate the introduction of the unusual oxidation state as an alternative pathway to modulate the magnetic ground state in the well-known = 1 Haldane system nickelate YBaNiO (YBNO). YBNO is topologically reduced to incorporate d-Ni ( = 1/2) in the one-dimensional Haldane chain system.

AMG487 alleviates influenza A (H1N1) virus-induced pulmonary inflammation through decreasing IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes and IFN-γ concentrations.

Background And Purpose: Severe influenza virus-infected patients have high systemic levels of Th1 cytokines (including IFN-γ). Intrapulmonary IFN-γ increases pulmonary IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes through the CXCR3 pathway. Virus-infected mice lacking IP-10/CXCR3 demonstrate lower pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation.

Colossal Magnetoresistance in Layered Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Rb(Zn,Li,Mn)As Single Crystals.

Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) with tunable ferromagnetism are among the most promising materials for fabricating spintronic devices. Some DMS systems have sizeable magnetoresistances that can further extend their applications. Here, we report a new DMS Rb(ZnLiMn)As with a quasi-two-dimensional structure showing sizeable anisotropies in its ferromagnetism and transverse magnetoresistance (MR).

Self-fueling ferroptosis-inducing microreactors based on pH-responsive Lipiodol Pickering emulsions enable transarterial ferro-embolization therapy.

Lipiodol chemotherapeutic emulsions remain one of the main choices for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, the limited stability of Lipiodol chemotherapeutic emulsions would lead to rapid drug diffusion, which would reduce the therapeutic benefit and cause systemic toxicity of administrated chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the development of enhanced Lipiodol-based formulations is of great significance to enable effective and safe TACE treatment.

Intrapulmonary IFN-γ instillation causes chronic lymphocytic inflammation in the spleen and lung through the CXCR3 pathway.

Some patients with chronic refractory cough have high levels of pulmonary IFN-γ and IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes. Pulmonary IFN-γ administration causes acute airway lymphocytic inflammation and cough hypersensitivity by increasing the number of pulmonary IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes, but these lymphocytes may be recruited from other organs. Intraperitoneal IFN-γ injection can increase the spleen weight of mice.

Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered Curcumin Release from Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for PM-Induced Acute Lung Injury Treatment.

Exposure to fine particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM) can result in serious inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissue. However, there is presently very few effective treatments for PM-induced many pulmonary diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI).

Predicting tumor repopulation through the gene panel derived from radiation resistant colorectal cancer cells.

Background: Tumor cells with the capability of radiation resistance can escape the fate of cell death after radiotherapy, serving as the main cause of treatment failure. Repopulation of tumors after radiotherapy is dominated by this group of residual cells, which greatly reduce the sensitivity of recurrent tumors to the therapy, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, revealing the mechanism of radiation resistant cells participating in tumor repopulation is of vital importance for cancer patients to obtain a better prognosis.

Activation of the HNRNPA2B1//FRMD6 axis facilitates prostate cancer progression in an m6A-dependent manner.

It is becoming increasingly clear that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a key role in post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic RNAs in cancer. The regulatory mechanism of m6A modifications in prostate cancer is still not completely elucidated. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), an m6A reader, has been revealed to function as an oncogenic RNA-binding protein.

X-ray-Induced Release of Nitric Oxide from Hafnium-Based Nanoradiosensitizers for Enhanced Radio-Immunotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) is an extensively used strategy for cancer treatment, but its therapeutic effect is usually limited by the abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME) and it lacks the ability to control tumor metastases. In this work, a nanoscale coordination polymer, Hf-nIm@PEG (HNP), is prepared by the coordination of hafnium ions (Hf ) with 2-nitroimidazole (2-nIm), and then modified with lipid bilayers containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Under low-dose X-ray irradiation, on the one hand, Hf with high computed tomography signal enhancement ability can deposit radiation energy to induce DNA damage, and on the other hand, NO can be persistently released from 2-nIm, which can not only directly react with the radical DNA to prevent the repair of damaged DNA but also relieves the hypoxic immunosuppressive TME to sensitize radiotherapy.

LncFALEC recruits ART5/PARP1 and promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer through enhancing PARP1-meditated self PARylation.

Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormal expression in various malignant tumors. Our previous research demonstrated that focally amplified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on chromosome 1 (FALEC) is an oncogenic lncRNA in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the role of FALEC in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is poorly understood.