Changes in enzyme activity and microbial community of rhizosphere soil under continuously monocultured Passiflora edulis treatment.

In response to the severe continuous cropping obstacles encountered during the cultivation of passion fruit, which leads to significant declines in yield and quality, as well as rampant pests and diseases, it is particularly important to explore strategies for mitigating these obstacles. The present study used the rhizosphere soil samples from one-year-old (FY, first-year cropping) and two-year-old (SY, second-year cropping) "Golden Passion Fruit" plants, along with soil from uncropped land (CK) as a control and the techniques such as high-throughput sequencing, qRT-PCR, and HPLC-MS to analyze the main physicochemical properties, phenolic acid content, and microbial community changes in the rhizosphere soil of passion fruit under different continuous cropping durations, the results indicated that the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter in FY soil were significantly higher than those in SY soil, and the pH value of the FY soil was also significantly higher than that of SY soil. Additionally, compared with FY soil, the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, urease, and invertase in SY soil were significantly reduced by 18.

Impact of exercise on anthropometric outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 113 randomized controlled trials worldwide.

Background: At present, the situation of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents around the world is dire. Developing exercise programs for this population is important, based on the vast evidence available, to halt the global rise in childhood and adolescent obesity.

Method: Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WanFang were searched, the search period was from March 1, 2010, to March 31, 2024.

[Exercise preconditioning alleviates motor deficits in MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mice by improving mitochondrial function].

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder mainly related to mitochondrial dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise preconditioning on motor deficits and mitochondrial function in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary + saline (SS), sedentary + MPTP (SM), exercise + saline (ES), and exercise + MPTP (EM) groups.

Dynamic Shielding of Arsenic-loaded Transferrin with Calcium Manganese Carbonate Potentiates Antitumor Effects via Self-enhanced Synergistic Therapy.

Arsenic trioxide is a frontline drug for leukemia treatment; however, its successful application in solid tumors has not yet been fully achieved. Transferrin is an endogenous protein containing iron-binding sites that can be used for loading arsenic for targeted delivery to solid tumors. However, the nonspecific expression of the transferrin receptor greatly limits transferrin-based nanomedicines.

Cold water swimming reshapes gut microbiome to improve high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Hypothermia and swimming have been shown to alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, with effects linked to the gut microbiota (GM). However, whether the effects of cold water swimming (CWS) on GM can be effectively transferred through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has not been investigated. This study established mice models of obesity, CWS and FMT to investigate the mechanism by which CWS reshapes GM to improve HFD-induced obesity.

[CXCR3 counteracts cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy by regulating E3 ubiquitin ligases, myogenic factors, and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways].

This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) in cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Wild-type mice were divided into two groups: cisplatin group and control group (treated by normal saline). The results showed that, compared to the control group, the expression levels of CXCR3 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in the skeletal muscle of the cisplatin group, suggesting that CXCR3 may play an important role in the model of cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Inflammation Management in Endurance Sports: Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Implications.

Endurance athletes frequently experience muscle damage and inflammation due to prolonged, high-intensity exercise, which can impair recovery and hinder performance. This review examines the role of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in muscle repair, inflammation modulation, and immune regulation. BCAAs-particularly leucine and isoleucine-activate key molecular pathways, including the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), to promote muscle protein synthesis and enhance energy metabolism.

Unveiling complex brain dynamics during movie viewing via deep recurrent autoencoder model.

Naturalistic stimuli have become an effective tool to uncover the dynamic functional brain networks triggered by cognitive and emotional real-life experiences through multimodal and dynamic stimuli. However, current research predominantly focused on exploring dynamic functional connectivity generated via chosen templates under resting-state paradigm, with relatively limited investigation into the dynamic functional interactions among large-scale brain networks. Moreover, these studies might overlook the longer time-scale adaptability and information transmission that occur over extended periods during naturalistic stimuli.

The involvement of auxin response factor OsARF7 in positively regulating root development by mediating the expression of OsCRL1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The root is one of the most important organs that determines the final grain yield in rice. Auxin is essential for root development in plants. Rice auxin response factor7 (OsARF7), belonging to the ARF family, is a key regulator of root development.

CSE/HS Signaling Pathways in Enhancing Muscle Function and Insulin Sensitivity During Exercise.

Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic health, enhancing muscle function, and improving insulin sensitivity, thereby preventing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence highlights the significance of the cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (HS) signaling pathway as a pivotal regulator in the molecular and physiological adaptations induced by exercise. This review comprehensively examines the biosynthesis and metabolism of HS, its distribution in different muscle tissues, and the mechanisms by which CSE/HS influences muscle contraction, repair, and protein synthesis.

Analysis of functional outcomes and complications of tibial bone defects treated with Ilizarov bone transport technique.

Background: Trifocal bone transport (TF) rather than bifocal bone transport (BF) can shorten the treatment time when treating of large bone defect in tibia. However, few studies have reported efficacy and complications among different bone transport.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and complications of bone transport technique for the treatment of large bone defect in tibia.

Metrnl and Cardiomyopathies: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Insights.

Cardiomyopathies, a diverse group of diseases affecting the heart muscle, continue to pose significant clinical challenges due to their complex aetiologies and limited treatment options targeting underlying genetic and molecular dysregulations. Emerging evidence indicates that Metrnl, a myokine, adipokine and cardiokine, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various cardiomyopathies. Therefore, the objective of this review is to examine the role and mechanism of Metrnl in various cardiomyopathies, with the expectation of providing new insights for the treatment of these diseases.

Impact of Alpha-Ketoglutarate on Skeletal Muscle Health and Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review.

AKG, a central metabolite in the Krebs cycle, plays a vital role in cellular energy production and nitrogen metabolism. This review explores AKG's potential therapeutic applications in skeletal muscle health and exercise performance, focusing on its mechanisms for promoting muscle regeneration and counteracting muscle atrophy. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, yielding 945 articles published up to 31 October 2024.

OsSPL11 positively regulates grain size by activating the expression of GW5L in rice.

Rice OsSPL11 activates the expression of GW5L through binding to its promoter and positively regulates grain size. Grain size (GS) is an important determinant of grain weight and yield potential in cereal. Here, we report the functional analysis of OsSPL11 in grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and 1000-grain weight (TGW).

A novel NAC transcription factor ZmNAC55 negatively regulates drought stress in Zea mays.

Drought stress is a major limit on the maize growth and productivity, and understanding the drought response mechanism is one of the important ways to improve drought resistance in maize. However, more drought-related genes and their regulated mechanisms are still to be reported. Here, we identified a novel NAC transcription factor ZmNAC55 in Zea mays and comprehensively investigated the functions of ZmNAC55 under drought stress.

The effect of physical exercise therapy on autism spectrum disorder:a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Physical Exercise Therapy (PET) is increasingly applied in the treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), yet the empirical evidence supporting its efficacy remains ambiguous. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of PET for individuals with ASD, providing evidence-based support for clinical and scientific research.

Methods: We systematically searched four international databases (Medline via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Libraries, and Web of Science) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP Libraries) up to July 31, 2023.

Comprehensive molecular evolutionary analysis of small heat shock proteins in five diploid Gossypium species.

The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are important components in plant growth and development, and stress response. However, a systematical understanding of the sHSP family is yet to be reported in five diploid Gossypium species. In this study, 34 GlsHSPs, 36 GrsHSPs, 37 GtsHSPs, 37 GasHSPs, and 38 GhesHSPs were identified in Gossypium longicalyx, Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium turneri, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium herbaceum, respectively.

A mutation in CsGME encoding GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase results in little and wrinkled leaf in cucumber.

Map-based cloning revealed that a mutation in a highly conserved amino acid of the CsGME gene encoding GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase, causes the phenotype of little and wrinkled leaves in cucumbers. Leaf size is a critical determinant of plant architecture in cucumbers, yet only a few genes associated with this trait have been mapped or cloned. Here, we identified and characterized a mutant with little and wrinkled leaves, named lwl-1.

DFT Study of Functional Reduction of CO with BHNMe: The Real Role of Organic Catalyst TBD.

The detailed mechanism of transition metal-free-catalyzed monomethylation of 2-naphthyl acetonitrile () with CO in the presence of triazabicyclodecene (TBD) and BHNMe was investigated using density functional theory. The C-methylation process proved to generate formaldehyde followed by the formation of the product via an alcohol rather than a methoxyborane intermediate. During the reaction, CO is activated to form the adduct and BHNMe is changed into () in the presence of TBD.

Recent advances in nanomaterial-driven strategies for diagnosis and therapy of vascular anomalies.

Nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential in various fields, especially in biomedical field. Among these domains, the development of nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating vascular anomalies has garnered significant attention. Vascular anomalies refer to structural and functional anomalies within the vascular system, which can result in conditions such as vascular malformations and tumors.

A simulation-based comparison of centralized and point-of-care supply chain strategies for autologous cell therapy.

Background Aims: The selection between centralized and point-of-care (POC) manufacturing supply-chain network design is a crucial consideration in the autologous cell therapy (AuCT) industry, as each approach offers its advantages and disadvantages.

Methods: This study uses a simulation-based approach to compare and examine the two strategies using the supply chain for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy manufacturing as an exemplar. When does it make sense to use one manufacturing strategy over another? Currently, major manufacturers in the AuCT industry use centralized supply-chain strategies predominantly in practice.

His bundle pacing versus right ventricular pacing: A comparative study.

Background: Pacing is the most effective and dependable method for treating complete atrioventricular block (AVB).

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of His bundle pacing (HBP) in patients with atrioventricular block.

Methods: Patients who underwent HBP or right ventricular pacing (RVP) were enrolled and divided into two groups: the HBP group and the RVP group, respectively.

FAP promotes metastasis and chemoresistance via regulating YAP1 and macrophages in mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MC) is less likely to respond to chemotherapy and is associated with poorer prognosis compared with non-MC (NMC). Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was found and validated to be upregulated in MC patients and was negatively correlated with prognosis and therapeutic outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Overexpression of FAP promoted CRC cell growth, invasion and metastasis, and enhanced chemoresistance.