Stability Analysis of Neural Networks With Two Delay Components Based on Dynamic Delay Interval Method.

In this paper, a dynamic delay interval (DDI) method is proposed to deal with the stability problem of neural networks with two delay components. This method extends the fixed interval of a time-varying delay to a dynamic one, which relaxes the restriction on upper and lower bounds of the delay intervals. Combining the reciprocally convex combination technique and Wirtinger integral inequality, the DDI method leads to some much less conservative delay-dependent stability criteria based on a linear matrix inequality for neural networks with two delay components.

Optimal Output Regulation for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems via Adaptive Dynamic Programming.

In this paper, the optimal output regulation problem for partially model-free heterogeneous linear multiagent systems with disturbance generated by an exosystem is addressed by using adaptive dynamic programming and double compensator method. The topology graph for the information exchange of the agents has a spanning tree. The dynamic of individual agent is assumed to be nonidentical and of different dimensions.

Synchronization Analysis and Design of Coupled Boolean Networks Based on Periodic Switching Sequences.

A novel synchronization analysis method is developed to solve the complete synchronization problem of many Boolean networks (BNs) coupled in the leader-follower configuration. First, an error system is constructed in terms of the algebraic representation using the semitensor product of matrices. Then, the synchronization problem of coupled BNs is converted into a problem whether all the trajectories of the error system are convergent to the zero vector.

X-ray fluorescence induced by standing waves in the grazing-incidence and grazing-exit modes: study of the Mg-Co-Zr system.

The characterization of Mg-Co-Zr tri-layer stacks using X-ray fluorescence induced by X-ray standing waves, in both the grazing-incidence (GI) and the grazing-exit (GE) modes, is presented. The introduction of a slit in the direction of the detector improves the angular resolution by a factor of two and significantly improves the sensitivity of the technique for the chemical characterization of the buried interfaces. By observing the intensity variations of the Mg Kα and Co Lα characteristic emissions as a function of the incident (GI mode) or detection (GE mode) angle, it is shown that the interfaces of the Si/[Mg/Co/Zr] × 30 multilayer are abrupt, whereas in the Si/[Mg/Zr/Co] × 30 multilayer a strong intermixing occurs at the Co-on-Zr interfaces.

Mid-infrared ultrafast laser pulses induced third harmonic generation in nitrogen molecules on an excited state.

We report on generation of third harmonic from nitrogen molecules on the excited state with a weak driver laser pulse at a mid-infrared wavelength. The excited nitrogen molecules are generated using a circularly polarized intense femtosecond pulse which produces energetic electrons by photoionization to realize collisional excitation of nitrogen molecules. Furthermore, since the third harmonic is generated using a pump-probe scheme, it enables investigation of the excited-state dynamics of nitrogen molecules produced under different conditions.

Reflection of X-rays from a rough surface at extremely small grazing angles.

Peculiarities of X-ray diffraction from a rough surface at an extremely small grazing angle of an incident beam are theoretically studied. The interrelation of four diffraction channels (coherent reflectance, coherent transmittance, diffuse scattering in vacuum, and scattering into the matter depth) is analyzed for different limiting cases (large and small correlation length of roughness and large and extremely small grazing angle of incident radiation). Both the Debye-Waller and the Nevot-Croce factors are demonstrated to describe improperly the features of X-ray diffraction at extremely small grazing angles.

Distributed-observer-based cooperative control for synchronization of linear discrete-time multi-agent systems.

This paper considers output synchronization of discrete-time multi-agent systems with directed communication topologies. The directed communication graph contains a spanning tree and the exosystem as its root. Distributed observer-based consensus protocols are proposed, based on the relative outputs of neighboring agents.

Physical insight toward electric field enhancement at nodular defects in optical coatings.

Although the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique has been prevailingly used to calculate the electric field intensity (EFI) enhancement at nodular defects in high-reflection (HR) coatings, the physical insight as to how the nodular features contribute to the intensified EFI is not explicitly revealed yet, which in turn limits the solutions that improve the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of nodules by decreasing the EFI enhancement. Here, a simplified model is proposed to describe the intensified EFI in nodules: 1) the nodule works as a microlens and its focal length can be predicted using a simple formula, 2) the portion of incident light that penetrates through the HR coating can be estimated by knowing the angular dependent transmittance (ADT) of the nodule, 3) strong EFI enhancement is created when the focal point is within the nodule and simultaneously a certain portion of light penetrates to the focal position. In the light of the proposed model, a broadband HR coating was used to reduce the EFI enhancement at the seed by a factor about 10, which leads to a 20 times increment of the LIDT.

Advantages and challenges of optical coating production with indirect monochromatic monitoring.

In this paper, we present our recent studies on raising the quality of optical coating production with an indirect monochromatic monitoring system. Preproduction error analysis and computational manufacturing are used to estimate potential advantages of application of indirect optical monitoring. It is then demonstrated that a key issue for realization of this advantage is accurate specification of tooling factors for layer thicknesses on test glasses.

Effect of etching morphology of artificial defect on laser-induced damage properties under 355 nm laser irradiation.

Structural defects and absorptive impurities generated in the process of grinding and polishing optical substrates before coating significantly lower the resistance of optical elements to laser. Thus, artificial defects that contain indentations and absorptive particles are fabricated in this study. Chemical etching is used to examine the morphology and depth of artificial defects with different sizes and types under various etching times.

[Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Beijing].

Ozone concentrations obtained from 35 automatic air monitoring stations in Beijing were analyzed to investigate their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. A process with high ozone concentration in summer was analyzed. The results showed that ozone maintained relatively high concentration from May to August while in other months, the ozone concentration was at a low level.

Mode-Dependent Stochastic Synchronization for Markovian Coupled Neural Networks With Time-Varying Mode-Delays.

This paper investigates the stochastic synchronization problem for Markovian hybrid coupled neural networks with interval time-varying mode-delays and random coupling strengths. The coupling strengths are mutually independent random variables and the coupling configuration matrices are nonsymmetric. A mode-dependent augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is proposed, where some terms involving triple or quadruple integrals are considered, which makes the LKF matrices mode-dependent as much as possible.

Stability criteria for recurrent neural networks with time-varying delay based on secondary delay partitioning method.

A secondary delay partitioning method is proposed to study the stability problem for a class of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with time-varying delay. The total interval of the time-varying delay is first divided into two parts, and then each part is further divided into several subintervals. To deal with the state variables associated with these subintervals, an extended reciprocal convex combination approach and a double integral term with variable upper and lower limits of integral as a Lyapunov functional are proposed, which help to obtain the stability criterion.

Mode-dependent stochastic stability criteria of fuzzy Markovian jumping neural networks with mixed delays.

This paper investigates the stochastic stability of fuzzy Markovian jumping neural networks with mixed delays in mean square. The mixed delays include time-varying delay and continuously distributed delay. By using the Lyapunov functional method, Jensen integral inequality, the generalized Jensen integral inequality, linear convex combination technique and the free-weight matrix method, several novel sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point of the considered networks in mean square.

Optimal control for unknown discrete-time nonlinear Markov jump systems using adaptive dynamic programming.

In this paper, we develop and analyze an optimal control method for a class of discrete-time nonlinear Markov jump systems (MJSs) with unknown system dynamics. Specifically, an identifier is established for the unknown systems to approximate system states, and an optimal control approach for nonlinear MJSs is developed to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation based on the adaptive dynamic programming technique. We also develop detailed stability analysis of the control approach, including the convergence of the performance index function for nonlinear MJSs and the existence of the corresponding admissible control.

Design, production and reverse engineering of ultra-steep hot mirrors.

We present the whole design-production chain of an ultra-steep hot mirror produced using the indirect monochromatic monitoring technique. The hot mirror without thin layers is designed utilizing the stochastic optimization procedure that takes in account upper and lower constraints for layer optical thickness. We produced the hot mirror with the ion-assisted electron beam deposition technique using indirect monochromatic monitoring strategy, performed reverse engineering of the deposited coatings, and illustrated that the random variation of the tooling factors in low-index layers is the main factor causing production errors.

[Implementation results of emission standards of air pollutants for thermal power plants: a numerical simulation].

The emission inventory of air pollutants from the thermal power plants in the year of 2010 was set up. Based on the inventory, the air quality of the prediction scenarios by implementation of both 2003-version emission standard and the new emission standard were simulated using Models-3/CMAQ. The concentrations of NO2, SO2, and PM2.

On stabilization of stochastic Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with mode-dependent mixed time-delays and Markovian switching.

The globally exponential stabilization problem is investigated for a general class of stochastic Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with both Markovian jumping parameters and mixed mode-dependent time-delays. The mixed time-delays consist of both discrete and distributed delays. This paper aims to design a memoryless state feedback controller such that the closed-loop system is stochastically exponentially stable in the mean square sense.

Influence of nodular defects on the laser damage resistance of optical coatings in the femtosecond regime.

The influence of nodular coating defects on the sub-picosecond laser damage resistance of multilayer coatings is investigated. The study is conducted on engineered nodules from monodisperse silica microspheres in HfO2/SiO2 high-reflective mirrors, at 400  fs/1030  nm. We demonstrate through an experimental study coupled with 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations that nodules in dielectric multilayer coatings are a main concern for the damage resistance of femtosecond optics.

Interfacial damage in a Ta2O5/SiO2 double cavity filter irradiated by 1064 nm nanosecond laser pulses.

The Laser-Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) and damage morphologies of a Ta(2)O(5)/SiO(2) double cavity filter irradiated by 1064-nm, 10-ns pulses were investigated. The depths of flat bottom pits were examined by an optical profiler and then calibrated according to the Electric-Field Intensity (EFI) distributions and the cross-sectional micrographs obtained using the Focus Ion Beam (FIB) technology. The statistics for depths of 60 damage sites suggested that the Ta(2)O(5) over SiO(2) interface was more vulnerable to Laser-Induced Damage (LID) than the SiO(2) over Ta(2)O(5) interface.

Influence of incidence angle and polarization state on the damage site characteristics of fused silica.

The influence of the incidence angle and polarization state on the damage site characteristics of fused silica under 355 nm laser irradiation was investigated. The initial damage morphologies and growth behaviors of the damage sites on the exit surface at incidence angles of 0° and 45° as well as in P and S states were compared to investigate the effects of various angles and polarization states. The relationships between the size of the initial damage sites and the laser fluence, as well as the growth threshold, were discussed.

Nanosecond laser-induced damage of nodular defects in dielectric multilayer mirrors [invited].

Our recent studies on nodular damage in dielectric multilayer mirrors were first reviewed, and the main findings are taken as a foundation to further investigate the influence of seed absorptivity and asymmetrical boundary on the laser-induced damage of nodules. Experimental results showed that the seed absorptivity had a big influence on laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) of the prepared nodules. A direct link between the cross-sectional |E|2 distributions and damage morphologies of nodules was found, which can perfectly explain the observed dependence of LIDTs on seed absorptivity.

Study of HfO2/SiO2 dichroic laser mirrors with refractive index inhomogeneity.

HfO2/SiO2 dichroic mirrors, having high reflectance at 1064 nm and high transmittance at 532 nm, play an important role in high-power laser systems. However, the half-wave hole effect, caused mainly by the refractive index inhomogeneity of hafnia, affects the spectra and application of these mirrors. Two approaches to eliminate the half-wave hole effect have been proposed.

Correlation between properties of HfO2 films and preparing parameters by ion beam sputtering deposition.

Ion beam sputtering is one of the most important technologies for preparing hafnium dioxide thin films. In this paper, the correlation between properties of hafnium dioxide thin films and preparing parameters was systematically researched by using the orthogonal experiment design method. The properties of hafnium oxide films (refractive index, extinction coefficient, deposition rate, stress, and inhomogeneity of refractive index) were studied.

Integration method for directly analyzing interface statistics of periodic multilayers from X-ray scattering.

An integration method is demonstrated for directly determining the average interface statistics of periodic multilayers from the X-ray scattering diagram. By measuring the X-ray scattering diagram in the out-of-plane geometry and integrating the scattered intensity along the vertical momentum transfer qz in an interval, which is decided by the thickness ratio Γ (ratio of sublayer's thickness to periodic thickness), the cross-correlations between different interfaces are canceled and only the autocorrelations are reserved. Then the multilayer can be treated as a `single interface' and the average power spectral density can be obtained without assuming any vertical correlation model.