Reconfiguring Charge Spatial Distribution in One-Dimensional AuAg Alloy Nanoarrays.

Plasmonic metal/semiconductor heterostructures have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing solar-driven photocatalysis owing to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. However, the associated optical fields are typically confined near the metal/semiconductor interface, limiting the spatial separation of hot carriers and leading to inefficient charge utilization. Here, we address this challenge by exploiting one-dimensional surface lattice resonance (1D-SLR) in ordered AuAg nanoarrays on SrTiO substrates based on finite element method (FEM) simulations.

Revealing Effect of Surface Hydroxyl Variation on Charge Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Photocatalysis.

Oxide semiconductor photocatalysts are widely used for solar energy conversion, and the abundant intrinsic hydroxyl groups as defect sites on their surfaces play a key role in photocatalytic performance. However, the nature of surface hydroxyl-related defect states and their effect on the behavior of photogenerated charges, especially if targeted for charge separation, and whether the electrons and holes facing these hydroxyl sites in the same temporal and spatial ranges compete and conflict are unknown. Understanding these may help us to reasonably control defect-induced charge separation.

Highly Efficient One-Pot Multienzyme Cascades for the Synthesis of S-Allyl-l-Cysteine from l-Serine and Allyl Mercaptan.

S-Allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) is an important bioactive substance in garlic, which has potential preventive and therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Here, a promising multienzyme cascade catalysis system comprising serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and -acetylserine sulfhydrylase B (OASS B) was established using l-serine and allyl mercaptan as substrates for the efficient synthesis of SAC. Three SAT mutants (SAT, SAT, and SAT) were designed to weaken the feedback inhibitory effect of SAC on SAT activity, with one SAT mutant achieving a SAC yield of 75.

Alternative Dosing Regimens of Tislelizumab Using a Pharmacometrics Model-Based Approach.

Tislelizumab 200 mg once every 3 weeks (Q3W) is approved for the treatment of multiple cancers. We used a model-based approach to propose three alternative dosing regimens, 150 mg Q2W, 300 mg Q4W, and 400 mg Q6W, with the aims of providing flexible treatment regimens compatible with background chemotherapy and/or reducing infusion visits. A previously developed population pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate pharmacokinetic exposure of the alternative regimens.

Comparative assays revealed distinct toxicity characterizations between pymetrozine and flonicamid.

Flonicamid is an insecticide with a unique mode of action, primarily inhibiting the feeding behavior of sap-sucking insects. However, its molecular target remains controversial. Reports indicate that both flonicamid and pymetrozine affect insect behavior and mobility.

Molecular Insights into Pharmacological Mechanism of Insect Kir Channels and the Toxicity of Kir Inhibitors on Hemipteran Insects.

Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir) play a key role in regulating various physiological processes. However, the structural and pharmacological mechanisms of insect Kir channels remain unclear. In this study, we show that coexpression of different Kir subunits in the same tissue did not affect the rectification properties of strongly rectifying Kir.

Involvement of Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (Kir) Channels in the Toxicity of Flonicamid to .

Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels regulate essential physiological processes in insects and have been identified as potential targets for developing new insecticides. Flonicamid has been reported to inhibit Kir channels, disrupting the functions of salivary glands and renal tubules. However, the precise molecular target of flonicamid remains debated.

Regulating Charge Separation Via Periodic Array Nanostructures for Plasmon-Enhanced Water Oxidation.

Plasmonic resonance intensity in metallic nanostructures plays a crucial role in charge generation and separation, directly affecting plasmon-induced photocatalytic activity. Engineering strategies to enhance plasmonic effects involve designing specific nanostructures, such as triangular nanoplates with sharp corners or dimer nanostructures with hot spots. However, these approaches often lead to a trade-off between enhanced plasmonic intensity and resonance energy, which ultimately determines local charge density and photocatalytic performance.

Semi-rational design based on the interaction between SmFMO and FAD isoalloxazine ring to enhance the enzyme activity.

Flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) have been widely used in the biosynthesis of natural compounds due to their excellent stereoselectivity, regioselectivity and chemoselectivity. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia flavin monooxygenase (SmFMO) has been reported to catalyze the oxidation of various thiols to corresponding sulfoxides, but its activity is relatively low. Herein, we obtained a mutant SmFMO which showed 4.

Deep eutectic solvent: Synthesis, classification, properties and application in macromolecular substances.

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is a kind of solvent prepared by mixing hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors, and have become a hot topic in ecological civilization construction due to its low toxicity and sustainability. Its excellent properties such as low volatility, thermal stability and biodegradability make it stand out among many organic solvents and widely used in fields including medicine, chemical industry and agriculture, with broad development prospects. In recent years, the application of DES in the food field has mostly focused on the extraction of small molecular substances, and there are few summaries on the application of DES in macromolecular substances.

5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for chronic wound infection in rats with diabetes.

Recent research indicated that ulcers and peripheral vascular disease resulting from drug-resistant bacterial infections are the main causes of delayed healing in chronic diabetic wounds. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a second-generation endogenous photosensitizer. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected wounds in diabetic rats were investigated in this study.

Simultaneous Defect Passivation and Co-Catalyst Engineering Leads to Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Metal Halide Perovskites.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as attractive candidates for producing green hydrogen via photocatalytic pathway. However, the presence of abundant defects and absence of efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) active sites on MHPs seriously limit the solar-to-chemical (STC) conversion efficiency. Herein, to address this issue, we present a bi-functionalization strategy through decorating MHPs with a molecular molybdenum-sulfur-containing co-catalyst precursor.

HLA-B*57:01-dependent intracellular stress in keratinocytes triggers dermal hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir.

Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms combined with certain drug administration strongly correlate with skin eruption. Abacavir hypersensitivity (AHS), which is strongly associated with HLA-B*57:01, is one of the most representative examples. Conventionally, HLA transmits immunological signals via interactions with T cell receptors on the cell surface.

Microplastics induced the differential responses of microbial-driven soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under warming.

The input of microplastics (MPs) and warming interfere with soil carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) cycles. Although the effects of warming and/or MPs on the cycles have been well studied, the biological coupling of microbial-driven cycles was neglected. Here, the synergistic changes of the cycles were investigated using batch incubation experiments.

Anionic polyacrylamide alleviates cadmium inhibition on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge.

The uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastewater leads to a significant cadmium (Cd) accumulation in waste activated sludge (WAS), posing a serious threat to the steady operation of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, developing a viable approach to cope with the adverse effects of high-concentration Cd on the AD system is urgently required. This study aims to investigate the potential of using anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), a commonly used agent in WWTPs, to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd in a toxic amount (i.

Observation of Charge Separation Enhancement in Plasmonic Photocatalysts under Coupling Conditions.

Surface plasmon resonance-induced charge separation plays key roles in plasmon-related applications, especially in photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Plasmon coupling nanostructures exhibit extraordinary behaviors in hybrid states, phonon scattering, and ultrafast plasmon dephasing, but plasmon-induced charge separation in these materials remains unknown. Here, we design Schottky-free Au nanoparticle (NP)/NiO/Au nanoparticles-on-a-mirror plasmonic photocatalysts to support plasmon-induced interfacial hole transfer, evidenced by surface photovoltage microscopy at the single-particle level.

Advancing charge carriers separation and transformation by nitrogen self-doped hollow nanotubes g-CN for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

The rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, low utilization of visible light and weak oxidation capacity significantly limit the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic pollutants. Doping is used as a conventional strategy for regulating the electronic structure of photocatalysts to obtain a wider light absorption, but also suffers from the problems of reduced charge mobility and oxidation capacity, which is not conducive to photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. To address this issue, a nitrogen self-doped hollow nanotubes g-CN (N-PCN) was synthesized by synergistic self-doping and quantum confinement effects.

Multi-Function of the Ni Interlayer in the Design of a BiVO-Based Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

BiVO with an appropriate band structure is considered to be an ideal candidate for photoanodes. However, slow water oxidation kinetics and low charge separation efficiency seriously restrict its application. To address these issues, an NF/N/BVO photoanode with a hierarchical network structure was successfully constructed by direct-current magnetron sputtering of Ni followed by electrochemical deposition of nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) on BiVO.

TARC/CCL17 Expression Is Associated with CD8 T Cell Recruitment in Abacavir-Induced Skin Hypersensitivity in HLA-Transgenic Mice.

Abacavir (ABC)-induced hypersensitivity (AHS) is strongly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57 : 01 expression. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of applying the HLA-transgenic mouse model in this context. ABC-induced adverse reactions were observed in HLA-B*57 : 01 transgenic (B*57 : 01-Tg) mice.

Conjugation of human serum albumin and flucloxacillin provokes specific immune response in HLA-B*57:01 transgenic mice.

Flucloxacillin (FLX) induces adverse liver reactions, which has been reported to be related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01. In a previous study, abacavir-induced hypersensitivity was induced in HLA-B*57:01-transgenic mice (B*57:01-Tg), originally constructed by our group (Susukida et al., 2021).