Longitudinal Dynamics of Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis.

Adolescents with childhood maltreatment often develop co-occurring anxiety and depression, yet the temporal interplay of individual symptoms remains unclear. This study aimed to map how specific symptoms influence one another over time in this high-risk group. Nine hundred ninety-nine adolescents completed standardised anxiety and depression measures at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Integrative Analyses of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Scion-Stock Asymmetry Reduction and Shift of Sugar Metabolism During Graft Junction Formation in Malus Domestica ('Hanfu') Homograft.

Grafting is widely used as a breeding method to enhance productivity and resilience. However, the mechanisms of graft healing remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed Malus domestica ('Hanfu') homograft and observed morphological and anatomical changes during the healing process in the graft junction within 40 days after grafting (DAG).

Dopamine-modified hydrated silica immobilized Flavourzyme for efficient bioactive peptide release from β-lactoglobulin.

This study addresses the challenges of low stability, high production costs, and inefficient peptide recovery in conventional liquid enzymatic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) by developing a novel dopamine-modified hydrated silica-immobilized Flavourzyme (DHS-F). Our objectives were to enhance enzyme stability and reusability while improving the release of bioactive peptides. Structural characterization via FTIR and TGA confirmed the covalent binding of Flavourzyme to the carrier and revealed enhanced thermal stability.

Association of grapevine geminivirus a isolate QN with upward leaf curling, necrosis, chlorosis, and malformation symptoms in two grapevine cultivars.

Grapevine geminivirus A (GGVA) is a recently identified DNA virus that infects grapevine, but its pathogenicity is not well studied. Previously, we investigated the pathogenicity of the new GGVA isolate QN (GGVA) on grapevine 'Red Globe' plants. In this study, grapevine 'Red Globe' and 'Summer Black' plants were inoculated with GGVA and grown without artificial control of temperature and light, and all of them exhibited upward leaf curling.

The development of depressive symptoms in subthreshold depression adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment: A longitudinal network analysis.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that adolescents with subthreshold depression and a history of childhood maltreatment are at an elevated risk for developing depression and experiencing suboptimal treatment outcomes. Traditional studies often rely on sum scores to analyze depression, overlooking the intricate symptomatic relationships that can be revealed through the analysis of evolving depressive symptom networks.

Methods: This study involved 5020 adolescents from four public schools in China, screened for a history of childhood maltreatment and subthreshold depression.

6PPD impairs immune responses and fin regeneration in zebrafish.

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a commonly used antioxidant in tire manufacturing, has been widely detected in the environment and shown to exhibit acute toxicity in several organs. However, the effects of 6PPD on immune responses, particularly following injury, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of 6PPD exposure on immune responses using zebrafish as a model.

6PPD induces cerebrovascular defects by triggering oxidative stress and ferroptosis in zebrafish.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), which is widely used as an antiozonant in rubber tires, has recently got much attention for its acute aquatic toxicity. However, the developmental toxicity of 6PPD in cerebrovascular network remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of 6PPD exposure in cerebral vascular using zebrafish.

A Novel Compound with Kokumi Properties: Enzymatic Preparation and Taste Presentation Evaluation of N-Lauroyl Phenylalanine.

To satisfy the demands of the food industry, innovative flavor enhancers need to be developed urgently to increase the food flavor. In our work, N-lauroyl phenylalanine (LP) was prepared from phenylalanine (l-Phe) and lauric acid (Lau) in water through the use of commercial enzymes (Promatex, Sumizyme FP-G, and Trypsin), and its flavor-presenting properties and mechanism were investigated. The highest LP yields obtained under one-factor optimized conditions were 61.

Deoxycholic acid inducing chronic atrophic gastritis with colonic mucosal lesion correlated to mucosal immune dysfunction in rats.

The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of bile reflux-inducing chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with colonic mucosal lesion. The rat model of CAG with colonic mucosal lesion was induced by free-drinking 20 mmol/L sodium deoxycholate to simulate bile reflux and 2% cold sodium salicylate for 12 weeks. In comparison to the control group, the model rats had increased abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes but had decreased abundances of Proteobacteria and Fusobacterium.

Construction of an Infectious DNA Clone of Grapevine Geminivirus A Isolate GN and Its Biological Activity in Plants Analyzed Using an Efficient and Simple Inoculation Method.

The pathogenicity of grapevine geminivirus A (GGVA), a recently identified DNA virus, to grapevine plants remains largely unclear. Here, we report a new GGVA isolate (named GGVA) obtained from grapevine 'Queen Nina' plants with severe disease symptoms. The infectious clone of GGVA (pXT-GGVA) was constructed to investigate its pathogenicity.

Resilience as a moderator of the relationship between stress and different symptom dimensions of depression in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment: A multi-wave longitudinal study.

Background: Although childhood maltreatment is a key risk factor for the development of psychopathology including depression in later life, not all children who have been maltreated subsequently become depressed.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the potentially moderating influence of resilience on the relationship between daily stress and different symptom dimensions of depression in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.

Participants And Setting: A sample of students (n = 999) aged 12-16 years from middle schools with a history of childhood maltreatment participated in this study.

Enzymatic synthesis and sensory evaluation of the novel kokumi compound N-butyryl phenylalanine.

In this study, food-grade glutamine transaminase (TGase) was utilized for the green-catalyzed preparation of N-butyryl amino acids. For improving the reusability of the enzyme preparation, immobilized TG enzyme (94.23% immobilization rate) was prepared.

Mediating role of right superior corona microstructural changes in linking attentional control and trait anxiety among youth with childhood maltreatment.

This study explores the neural correlates between attentional control and trait anxiety among youth with a history of childhood maltreatment. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated the microstructural integrity of brain white matter, particularly focusing on the right superior corona radiata (SCA-R). A total of 173 university students with experiences of childhood maltreatment underwent behavioral assessments using the Attentional Control Scale and trait anxiety measurements via the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Molecular simulation screening and sensory evaluation unearth a novel kokumi compound with bitter-masking effect: N-lauroyl-L-tryptophan.

N-lauroyl-L-tryptophan (LT), which has the strongest potential flavor-presenting activity, was skillfully screened from numerous N-Lau-AAs docked to different taste receptors by molecular simulation techniques. Subsequently, LT was synthesized employing food-grade commercial enzymes and structurally characterized, the optimized yields of LT could reach 69.08%, 76.

Alteration of gastric microbiota and transcriptome in a rat with gastric intestinal metaplasia induced by deoxycholic acid.

Objective: Bile reflux plays a key role in the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), an independent risk factor of gastric cancer. Here, we aimed to explore the biological mechanism of GIM induced by bile reflux in a rat model.

Methods: Rats were treated with 2% sodium salicylate and allowed to freely drink 20 mmol/L sodium deoxycholate for 12 weeks, and GIM was confirmed by histopathological analysis.

GLRaV-2 protein p24 suppresses host defenses by interaction with a RAV transcription factor from grapevine.

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) is a prevalent virus associated with grapevine leafroll disease, but the molecular mechanism underlying GLRaV-2 infection is largely unclear. Here, we report that 24-kDa protein (p24), an RNA-silencing suppressor (RSS) encoded by GLRaV-2, promotes GLRaV-2 accumulation via interaction with the B3 DNA-binding domain of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) RELATED TO ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3/VIVIPAROUS1 (VvRAV1), a transcription factor belonging to the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) superfamily. Salicylic acid-inducible VvRAV1 positively regulates the grapevine pathogenesis-related protein 1 (VvPR1) gene by directly binding its promoter, indicating that VvRAV1 may function in the regulation of host basal defense responses.

p24 Encoded by Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1 Suppresses RNA Silencing and Elicits Hypersensitive Response-Like Necrosis in Nicotiana Species.

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) is a major pathogen associated with grapevine leafroll disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GLRaV-1 interactions with plant cells are unclear. Using infiltration-mediated RNA-silencing assays, we demonstrated that GLRaV-1 p24 protein (p24) acts as an RNA-silencing suppressor (RSS), inhibiting local and systemic RNA silencing.

Expression of the p24 silencing suppressor of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 from Potato virus X or Barley stripe mosaic virus vector elicits hypersensitive responses in Nicotiana benthamiana.

The 24-kDa protein (p24) encoded by Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) is an RNA-silencing suppressor (RSS), but its effect on active viral infection is unclear. Using a Potato virus X (PVX)-based expression system, we demonstrated that p24 elicits lethal systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana, sharing typical characteristics of the hypersensitive response (HR), and that NbRAR1 (a cytoplasmic Zn-binding protein) is involved in the PVX-p24-mediated systemic necrosis. Moreover, expression of p24 from Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) vector triggered local necrosis in infiltrated patches of N.

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification.

RNA silencing plays a critical role against viral infection. To counteract this antiviral silencing, viruses have evolved various RNA silencing suppressors. Meanwhile, plants have evolved counter-counter defense strategies against RNA silencing suppression (RSS).

Characterization of silencing suppressor p24 of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2.

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) p24 has been reported to be an RNA silencing suppressor (RSS). However, the mechanisms underlying p24's suppression of RNA silencing are unknown. Using Agrobacterium infiltration-mediated RNA silencing assays, we showed that GLRaV-2 p24 is a strong RSS triggered by positive-sense green fluorescent protein (GFP) RNA, and that silencing suppression by p24 effectively blocks the accumulation of small interfering RNAs.

Critical regions and residues for self-interaction of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 protein p24.

The 24-kDa protein (p24) encoded by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) is an RNA-silencing suppressor. In this work, a yeast two-hybrid system (YTHS) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses showed that GLRaV-2 p24 can interact with itself, and that this interaction occurs in the cytoplasm of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. To identify the functional region(s) and crucial amino acid residues required for p24 self-interaction, various truncated and substitution mutants were generated.

Complete nucleotide sequence of a Chinese isolate of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 reveals a 5' UTR of 802 nucleotides.

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is widely spread in China. Here we report, for the first time, the complete nucleotide sequence of the Chinese isolate (LN) of GLRaV-3. The 18,563-nt genomic RNA is the largest of the GLRaV-3 genomes reported to date, with a 5' untranslated region of 802 nt.

Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection.

The expression of host genes can be altered during the process of viral infection. To investigate the viral infection-induced up-regulated gene expression changes of maize at different time intervals post-inoculation with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed. A total of 454 cDNA clones were identified to be viral infection-induced up-regulated genes.