Petal stomata of Baroni are sensitive to abscisic acid.

In response to drought stress, abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in regulating stomatal closure in both leaf and floral tissues. Studies on stomatal regulation have primarily focused on the leaves of vascular plants, but stomatal regulation of flowers remains underexplored. The current study was conducted on the petals of 'Ma Lin' daylily ( Baroni) to assess the morphological characteristics of petal stomata, stomatal aperture, gas exchange, and the mechanisms of ABA signaling in response to treatments with ABA-related chemicals and their corresponding scavengers.

Construction of a novel online calculator for prediction of osteoporosis risk in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been established as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis, often resulting in a poor prognosis. Thus, it is crucial for clinicians to diagnose osteoporosis in diabetic patients. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for osteoporosis in people with T2D from China.

Early identification of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus combined with osteoporosis: development and validation of a gender-specific nomogram.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model to screen for sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with osteoporosis, with a view to identifying and intervening early in those at high risk of falls and fractures, thereby reducing the risk of disability and death in the elderly.

Methods: Clinical data collection, physical performance evaluations, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were performed on 847 patients with T2DM combined with osteoporosis. Risk factors for sarcopenia were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method.

Zinc Alleviates Diabetic Muscle Atrophy via Modulation of the SIRT1/FoxO1 Autophagy Pathway Through GPR39.

Background: Muscle atrophy is a severe complication of diabetes, with autophagy playing a critical role in its progression. Zinc has been shown to alleviate hyperglycaemia and several diabetes-related complications, but its direct role in mediating diabetic muscle atrophy remains unclear. This study explores the potential role of zinc in the pathogenesis of diabetic muscle atrophy.

Antitumor activity and mechanistic study of steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Through phytochemical analysis of the large roots of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, three previously undescribed steroidal saponins (Polypharsis A-C, 1-3) and four known steroidal saponins (4-7) were isolated. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by 1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, acid hydrolysis and ECD calculations.

PROTCROWN: A Manually Curated Resource of Protein Corona Data for Unlocking the Potential of Protein-Nanoparticle Interactions.

The emergence of the "Protein Corona" is a pivotal concept in bioinformatics and nanotechnology, crucial for understanding nanomedicine delivery and nanoparticle-biological entity interactions. After entering a biological fluid, such as blood, nanoparticles (NPs, such as nanomedical carriers) are quickly coated with proteins, forming a protein interface layer called the protein corona. An in-depth investigation into the protein corona is essential for elucidating the biological ramifications of NPs and their prospective applications within the medical field and beyond.

Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width With Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in a Southern Chinese Population.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has recently been recognized as a novel biomarker associated with various cardiovascular conditions. This study aims to investigate the relationship between RDW and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in a southern Chinese population. A total of 4916 patients were initially enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2016 and December 2022.

Integrative omics analysis identifies biomarkers of septic cardiomyopathy.

Septic Cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a syndrome of acute cardiac dysfunction in septic patients, unrelated to cardiac ischemia. Multiomics studies including transcriptomics and proteomics have provided new insights into the mechanisms of SCM. In here, a rat model of SCM was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Identification of New Compounds from the Roots of Rubia tibetica Hook. f.

Rubia tibetica Hook. f is a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant, with its roots serving as the primary medicinal part. Two new compounds, Rubiaxylm C and E (1 and 3), and one new natural compound, Rubiaxylm D (2) were isolated from R.

Causal role of immune cells in muscle atrophy: mendelian randomization study.

Immune system and inflammation had a great influence on the progression of muscle atrophy. However, the causal relationship with specific immune cell traits remained uncertain. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic influences on these associations, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of muscle atrophy.

Machine Learning Enables Comprehensive Prediction of the Relative Protein Abundance of Multiple Proteins on the Protein Corona.

Understanding protein corona composition is essential for evaluating their potential applications in biomedicine. Relative protein abundance (RPA), accounting for the total proteins in the corona, is an important parameter for describing the protein corona. For the first time, we comprehensively predicted the RPA of multiple proteins on the protein corona.

Dentatacid A: An Unprecedented 2, 3--arbor-2, 3-dioic Triterpenoid from the Invasive Plant , with Cytotoxicity Effect on Colon Cancer.

Michx. is an invasive plant species in China, known for its toxicity and potential to reduce crop yields, posing numerous threats. To gain a deeper understanding of this invasive plant, phytochemical methods were employed to isolate 13 terpenoids (-, , ) and 7 sterols (-) from the ethanol extract of , identifying one new compound and 19 known compounds.

Response of selenium pools to drought stress by regulating physio‑biochemical attributes and anatomical changes in Gentiana macrophylla.

Selenium (Se), as a vital stress ameliorant, possesses a beneficial effect on mediating detrimental effects of environmental threats. However, the mechanisms of Se in mitigating the deleterious effects of drought are still poorly understood. Gentiana macrophylla Pall.

Brunonianines D-F, three new C19-diterpenoid alkaloids from the Delphinium brunonianum, with therapeutic effect on ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.

The current standard treatment for ovarian cancer consists of surgery to reduce the size of the tumor, followed by treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, which have major side effects. Therefore, finding a new natural product drug with fewer side effects is a strategy. Delphinium brunonianum (D.

Structures and Tumor Cell Lines Proliferation Activities of Triterpenes Isolated from Astilbe grandis.

A total of seven compounds, including four triterpene acids and three triterpene lactones, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the roots of Astilbe grandis Stapf ex Wils. Two of the triterpene lactones (1-2) were never reported before and compounds 3-5 were isolated for the first time from the plant. The structures of these compounds were all identified by spectroscopic analysis.

E4 engages uPAR and enolase-1 and activates urokinase to exert antifibrotic effects.

Fibroproliferative disorders such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) have no effective therapies and result in significant morbidity and mortality. We recently demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of endostatin, known as E4, prevented and reversed both dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. Our goal was to identify the mechanism by which E4 abrogates fibrosis and its cell surface binding partner(s).

A Pilot Study for the Feasibility of Exome-Sequencing in Circulating Tumor Cells Versus Single Metastatic Biopsies in Breast Cancer.

The comparison of the landscape of somatic alterations in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) versus metastases is challenging. Here, we comprehensively characterized the somatic landscape in bulk (amplified and non-amplified), spike-in breast cancer cells, CTCs, and metastases from breast cancer patients using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We determined the level of genomic concordance for somatic nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number alterations (CNAs), and structural variants (SVs).

Acetylcholine ameliorates the adverse effects of cadmium stress through mediating growth, photosynthetic activity and subcellular distribution of cadmium in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana).

Acetylcholine (ACh), a well-known major neurotransmitter, plays a potential role in response to abiotic stresses. However, the mechanism of ACh-mediated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tobacco seedlings is largely uncharacterized. In this study, a hydroponics experiment was conducted under 100 μM Cd stress in the presence or absence of ACh (50 μM) to investigate the potential effects of ACh on Cd toxicity.

Improved Drought Tolerance by AMF Inoculation in Maize () Involves Physiological and Biochemical Implications.

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, ) in amelioration of drought-induced effects on growth and physio-biochemical attributes in maize (Zea mays L.) was studied. Maize plants were exposed to two drought regimes, i.

[Effects of PGPR inoculation on photosynthesis and physiological-ecological characteristics of apple seedlings under drought stress].

The effects of inoculation of rhizosphere-promoting bacteria (PGPR) on photosynthesis and physiological-ecological characteristics of apple tree seedlings under drought conditions were investigated in this study, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the application of PGPR in plant drought resistance. In the pot experiment, the rhizosphere-promoting bacterium YX which had both ACC deaminase activity and strong phosphorus solubilizing ability was selected as the tested strain. Apple seedlings were grown under four different irrigation levels i.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 exerts antifibrotic activity by reducing levels of connective tissue growth factor and the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4.

The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays an important role in variety cellular biological functions; we previously reported levels of IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) -3 and -5 are increased in dermal and pulmonary fibrosis associated with the prototypic fibrosing disease systemic sclerosis (SSc), induce extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and promote fibrosis. We sought to examine the effects of another member of the family, IGFBP-4, on ECM production and fibrosis using cell-based, organ culture and mouse lung fibrosis models. IGFBP-4 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in pulmonary fibroblasts of patients with SSc.

[Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratio on growth and active ingredient content of Platycodon grandiflorum].

To providing evidence about nitrogen adequate application of Platycodon grandiflorum, the pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen on the growth, physiological metabolism and the quality of P. grandiflorum. The activity of NR, GS and SOD, POD and CAT were determined.

IGFBP-5 Promotes Fibrosis Independently of Its Translocation to the Nucleus and Its Interaction with Nucleolin and IGF.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-5 levels are increased in systemic sclerosis (SSc) skin and lung. We previously reported that IGFBP-5 is a pro-fibrotic factor that induces extracellular matrix (ECM) production and deposition. Since IGFBP-5 contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) that facilitates its nuclear translocation, we sought to examine the role of nuclear translocation on the fibrotic activity of IGFBP-5 and identify IGFBP-5 binding partners relevant for its nuclear compartmentalization.

Fine mapping and identification of blast resistance gene Pi-hk1 in a broad-spectrum resistant japonica rice landrace.

One Japonica rice landrace, Heikezijing, from the Taihu Lake region of China, exhibits broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast. As characterized in our previous research, a main-effect resistance (R) gene, Pi-hk1, in Heikezijing against five isolates (GD10-279a, JS2004-141-1, JS2004-185, JS90-78, and Hoku1) was roughly mapped on the long arm of chromosome 11. To fine map Pi-hk1, one recombinant inbred line (RIL), RIL72 (F2:8), from the cross between Heikezijing and blast-susceptible variety Suyunuo, was further crossed and backcrossed with Suyunuo to produce a BC1F2 population of 477 individuals.

Toll-like receptor 4 signaling augments transforming growth factor-β responses: a novel mechanism for maintaining and amplifying fibrosis in scleroderma.

Because recent studies implicate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, we sought to investigate the in vitro and in vivo role and mechanism of TLR4-mediated fibroblast responses in fibrogenesis. We found that TLR4 was constitutively expressed, and accumulation of endogenous TLR4 ligands significantly elevated, in lesional skin and lung tissues from patients with scleroderma. Activation of TLR4 signaling in explanted fibroblasts resulted in enhanced collagen synthesis and increased expression of multiple genes involved in tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix homeostasis.