A Brief Review of the Role of Macrophage Hypoxia in SiO-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Silicosis, a severe occupational chronic pneumonia, results from prolonged exposure to high concentrations of crystalline SiO in occupational environments. The inhaled SiO particles recruit and activate alveolar macrophages (AMs), leading to hypoxia within the AMs that causes a series of biological changes in AMs. These changes include morphological alterations, inflammatory responses, cell death, and secretion of fibrosis-associated cytokines, inducing silicosis fibrosis.

Unconventional strong 3p-3d orbital hybridization in sulfur-doped FeSe: for tailored ultrathin electromagnetic wave absorbers.

Anion doping engineering is an effective method to regulate the electronic structure of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), especially at the electron orbital level. Based on electromagnetic wave (EMW) loss theory, this study innovatively constructs dipole polarization sites S doping in FeSe. The electronic structure of these sites is systematically analyzed to reveal charge redistribution and bond hybridization induced by dopant incorporation.

Liquid biopsy diagnostics for non-small cell lung cancer via elucidation of tRNA signatures.

Background: Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounts for about 85% of all lung cancer cases and remains a major global health challenge. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as chest X-rays and low-dose CT scans, have limitations, including high false-positive rates, radiation risks, and the invasiveness of tissue biopsies. This study aims to develop a non-invasive liquid biopsy approach for early NSCLC diagnosis.

Heterogeneous hematoma density predicts poor outcome in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage after craniotomy.

Background And Objective: The density of hematoma is an imaging marker that has been used to predict hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). However, its relationship with postoperative rebleeding and outcomes in surgical patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hematoma density on postoperative rebleeding and outcomes in patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH after craniotomy.

Controlled absorption/reflection bi-directional tuning GaAs terahertz wave device.

Terahertz metamaterials exhibit significant potential for applications in electromagnetic ultrafast response, wavefront modulation, and electromagnetic wave transmission. However, the transmission properties of these metamaterials remain fixed once the structure and materials of the device are established, which severely limits their modulation capability and operational range. In this study, a terahertz wave device that enables absorption/reflection bi-directional modulation was designed based on the property that the conductivity of GaAs can be modulated by pumping light.

Clinical and Risk Analytics Associations With Extubation Failure in Children Following Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study, 2017-2020.

Objectives: The use of risk analytics indices alongside clinical factors has potential to assist clinicians in identifying children at high risk for extubation failure (EF). We investigated the association of two physiologic risk analytics indices with EF in children receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) after cardiac surgery: the probability of inadequate oxygen delivery (ID o2 ) and inadequate ventilation of carbon dioxide index (IV co2 ). A secondary aim was to evaluate clinical factors associated with EF.

Copper pyrithione, a copper complex ATG4B and autophagy inhibitor, exhibits potent anticancer effects.

Inhibition of autophagy has been considered as a promising strategy for tumor therapy, discovery of small-molecule autophagy inhibitors suitable for clinical use would be of great significance. Since cysteine protease ATG4B plays a key role in the autophagy machinery by processing pro-LC3 and lipidated LC3 to drive the autophagy progress, inhibition of ATG4B may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy. We previously found that copper ions instead of other ions efficiently inhibited ATG4B activity, which was more potent than other ATG4B inhibitors reported.

A robust machine learning model based on ribosomal-subunit-derived piRNAs for diagnostic potential of nonsmall cell lung cancer across multicentre, large-scale of sequencing data.

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a lethal cancer and lacks robust biomarkers for noninvasive clinical diagnosis. Detecting NSCLC at the early stage can decrease the mortality rate and minimise harm caused by various treatments. We curated 2050 samples from public tissue and plasma datasets including both invasive and noninvasive types, then supplemented with in-house pooled plasma and exosome samples.

Identification of shared key genes and pathways in osteoarthritis and sarcopenia patients based on bioinformatics analysis.

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) and sarcopenia are significant health concerns in the elderly, substantially impacting their daily activities and quality of life. However, the relationship between them remains poorly understood. This study aims to uncover common biomarkers and pathways associated with both OA and sarcopenia.

Astragalus polysaccharide regulates the cervical cancer cell cycle and inhibits cisplatin resistance by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through the PPARD/CDC20 axis.

Unlabelled: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) can prevent tumor progression and cisplatin resistance. This paper investigates the downstream mechanism of APS in regulating cervical cancer (CC) cisplatin resistance. Cisplatin-resistant CC cell lines were constructed.

Spatiotemporal Expression and Functional Analysis of PtWnt7b During Limb Regeneration in Portunus trituberculatus.

The biological phenomenon of regeneration is observed in many crustaceans, particularly in commonly encountered species, such as shrimp and crabs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying crustacean regeneration remain poorly understood. The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, is an economically significant species that possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity.

CT-based deep learning model for improved disease-free survival prediction in clinical stage I lung cancer: a real-world multicenter study.

Objectives: To develop a deep learning (DL) model for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) in clinical stage I lung cancer patients who underwent surgical resection using pre-treatment CT images, and further validate it in patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort of 2489 clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with operation (2015-2017) was enrolled to develop a DL-based DFS prediction model. Tumor features were extracted from CT images using a three-dimensional convolutional neural network.

Comparative analysis of bacterial communities and environmental interactions in seawater and saline-alkali aquaculture ponds for in northern China.

As the aquaculture capacity of in southern China nears saturation, northern coastal regions, which are characterized by abundant water resources, ample feed availability, and favorable climatic conditions, have emerged as ideal areas for aquaculture expansion. This study investigates the aquatic environment of cultured in seawater and saline-alkali ponds in northern China. Over the course of a five-month aquaculture experiment, water samples were collected from seawater and saline-alkali ponds and subsequently analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to examine the bacterial community composition and its relationship with physicochemical water quality parameters.

Colistin sulfate versus polymyxin B for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant : a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Polymyxins are the last line of defense against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli infections. However, the efficacy of polymyxins against the independent risk factor of bacterial species is unknown. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of colistin sulfate (CS) and polymyxin B (PMB) for carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) infections.

Role of macrophage ATP metabolism disorder in SiO‑induced pulmonary fibrosis: a review.

Silicosis, a chronic lung disease, results from prolonged inhalation of silica dust (SiO) in occupational environments, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. Studies have shown that alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a pivotal role in its development. These AMs phagocytose the inhaled SiO, which leads to morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities that result in lung fibrosis.

Primary cilia and inflammatory response: unveiling new mechanisms in osteoarthritis progression.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that can lead to chronic pain and disability. The pathogenesis of OA involves chronic low-grade inflammation, characterized by the degradation of chondrocytes, inflammation of the synovium, and systemic low-grade inflammation. This inflammatory response accelerates the progression of OA and contributes to pain and functional impairment.

Contemporary trends in utilization of pediatric cardiac imaging in children's hospitals.

Background: There has been an increase in availability and utilization of cardiac CT (CCT) and magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in pediatric cardiology. Understanding trends in their utilization can provide foundational data for defining appropriate use of these tests in pediatrics, and guide resource distribution enhance access to these modalities.

Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized data from the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database, a clinical and billing database including 49 children's hospitals.

Adjunctive Corticosteroids for Hypotension in the Pediatric Cardiac ICU: Single-Center Retrospective Study, 2020-2021.

Objectives: To characterize adjunctive corticosteroid use and associations between any exposure or cumulative dose and outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgical cases.

Design: A retrospective cohort was admitted over 24 months (from January 2020 to December 2021).

Setting: Single-center cardiac ICU (CICU) in a quaternary hospital.

Orally-deliverable liposome-microgel complexes dynamically remodel intestinal environment to enhance probiotic ulcerative colitis therapy via TLR4 inhibition and tryptophan metabolic crosstalk.

Probiotics emerges as a promising option for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment, but its application remains challenging due to insufficient colon-targeted delivery efficiency and survival against the inflammation-associated intestinal oxidative stress. To address these issues, here we report a supramolecular liposome-microgel complex (SLMC) incorporated with Bacillus subtilis spores (BSSs) and dexamethasone (DEX) for orally-deliverable probiotic UC therapy. Specifically, BSSs and cholesterols were conjugated with gelatin via diselenide ligation to prepare microgels, followed by supramolecular complexation with UC-targeted DEX-loaded liposome via microfluidic engineering.

Lung Cancer Screening Classification by Sequential Multi-Instance Learning (SMILE) Framework With Multiple CT Scans.

Lung cancer screening with computed tomography (CT) scans can effectively improve the survival rate through the early detection of lung cancer, which typically identified in the form of pulmonary nodules. Multiple sequential CT images are helpful to determine nodule malignancy and play a significant role to detect lung cancers. It is crucial to develop effective lung cancer classification algorithms to achieve accurate results from multiple images without nodule location annotations, which can free radiologists from the burden of labeling nodule locations before predicting malignancy.

Amino-β-cyclodextrin derivatives with different chain lengths as chiral selectors for separation of dansyl amino acid enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis.

To date, cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives are recognized as highly effective chiral selectors in electrophoresis for enantiomer separation due to their numerous advantages. In this study, three amino-β-CD derivatives, including NH-β-CD-5 (Mono-(6-(tetraethylenepentamine)-6-deoxy)-beta-Cyclodextrin), NH-β-CD-3 (mono-(6-(diethylenetriamine)-6-deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin), and NH-β-CD-1 (6-Monodeoxy-6-monoamino-beta-cyclodextrine) with varying amino substituent chain lengths were employed as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis (CE) to examine their chiral selectivity in the separation of five dansylated amino acid enantiomers, namely Dns-DL-Val, Dns-DL-Leu, Dns-DL-Thr, Dns-DL-Phe, and Dns-DL-Ser, as the chain length of the substituent group significantly impacts separation performance. Among the three amino-β-CD derivatives, NH-β-CD-5 exhibited superior performance by separating four dansylated amino acid enantiomers, whereas NH-β-CD-3 and NH-β-CD-1 separated only two and one enantiomers, respectively.

Base-Promoted Annulation of -(Cyanomethyl)aryl Thioester with Thiophenols to Access 3-Thiolated Isoquinolones.

An efficient annulation approach to forming 3-thiolated isoquinolones from readily accessible -(cyanomethyl)aryl thioesters and thiophenols has been established. This metal-free annulation is achieved by taking advantage of solvent-free reactions with no precaution to exclude water or air, enabling broad substrate scope and good functionality tolerance. Furthermore, the protocol is scalable and offers facile access to valuable isoquinolones without chromatography.

The lactate receptor HCAR1 drives the recruitment of immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs in colorectal cancer.

Most patients with colorectal cancer do not achieve durable clinical benefits from immunotherapy, underscoring the existence of alternative immunosuppressive mechanisms. Here we found that activation of the lactate receptor HCAR1 signaling pathway induced the expression of chemokines CCL2 and CCL7 in colorectal tumor cells, leading to the recruitment of immunosuppressive CCR2 polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) to the tumor microenvironment. Ablation of Hcar1 in mice with colorectal tumors significantly decreased the abundance of tumor-infiltrating CCR2 PMN-MDSCs, enhanced the activation of CD8 T cells and, consequently, reduced tumor burden.

Zinc-limited stimulate distinct responses in macrophages compared with standard zinc-replete bacteria.

Tuberculosis (TB) is notoriously difficult to treat, likely due to the complex host-pathogen interactions driven by pathogen heterogeneity. An understudied area of TB pathogenesis is host responses to bacteria (Mtb) that are limited in zinc ions. This distinct population resides in necrotic granulomas and sputum and could be the key player in tuberculosis pathogenicity.