Exploring Biological Evidence of Radioprotective Effects and Critical Oxygen Thresholds in (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Irradiation combined with Modified Atmosphere (MA) Packaging (MAP) is increasingly applied to disinfest fresh harvested produce while maintaining quality. However, anoxia and hypoxic conditions created by MA can reduce the effectiveness of ionizing radiation by inducing radioprotective effects in insects. This study investigated the relationship between oxygen levels and radiation efficacy in late third-instar larvae of .

Low-Temperature Phosphine Fumigation Is Effective Against in Sweet Cherry.

, classified as a quarantine pest in some countries, poses a serious threat to global trade due to its ability to damage berries and cherries. Recent studies indicate that low-temperature phosphine (PH) fumigation effectively controls this pest without compromising fresh produce quality. However, the specific protocol for managing larvae in cherries using this method remains underexplored.

Transcription and functional analysis of phosphine fumigation regulating heat responses in Bactrocera dorsalis.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a highly destructive pest in fruits, vegetables and flowers with heat treatment being common for its control in internationally traded produce. However, heat treatment can adversely affect quality, which limits its application. This study aimed to develop a novel control strategy combining phosphine fumigation with heat treatment (P + H), demonstrating a significant synergistic effect in controlling B.

Medical Potential of Insect Symbionts.

Insect symbionts and their metabolites are complex and diverse and are gradually becoming an important source of new medical materials. Some culturable symbionts from insects produce a variety of active compounds with medical potential. Among them, fatty acids, antibacterial peptides, polyene macrolides, alkaloids, and roseoflavin can inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi; lipases, yeast killer toxins, reactive oxygen species, pyridines, polyethers, macrotetrolide nactins, and macrolides can kill human parasites; and peptides and polyketides can inhibit human tumors.

Integrative multi-omics data provide insights into the biosynthesis of furanocoumarins and mechanisms regulating their accumulation in Angelica dahurica.

Furocoumarins (FCs), important natural compounds with biodefense roles and pharmacological activities, are notably abundant in medicinal plant Angelica dahurica. However, its accumulation patterns over development stages in FC-enriched tissue, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms in A. dahurica remain elusive.

Assessment of antibacterial, nematicidal and herbicidal activities of Cautleya spicata (Sm.) Baker extracts, with chemical profiling using GC-MS.

The pesticidal activity of the rhizome and aerial parts of Cautleya spicata (Sm.) Baker was investigated, revealing significant findings. The GC-MS analysis revealed significant compositional variability among the extracts.

Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System.

Innate immunity is critical for insects to adjust to complicated environments. Studying the insect immune system can aid in identifying novel insecticide targets and provide insights for developing novel pest control strategies. Insects recognize environmental pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, thus activating the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens.

Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide - new insights into gut microbiota and male infertility through meta-analysis.

Background: Ammonia (NH) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) are produced during digestion in the human gut, yet the impact of these internally generated gases on male reproduction have received limited attention in scientific research.

Methods: We systematically reviewed 935 scientific publications, spanning from 1947 to 2023, focusing on external or internal NH and/or HS, male infertility, and gut microbiota. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of combined studies.

Mitigating enteric methane emissions with Madhuca longifolia phenolic extract supplementation in forages and diets through in vitro fermentation to support climate-resilient livestock production.

Reducing enteric methane emissions from livestock is a key environmental challenge, as methane is a major pollutant. The complexity of animal biology and diverse diet compositions make it difficult to develop strategy to control methane production. This study examined the use of plant phenolic extracts of Madhuca longifolia (ML-7) as a feed additive combined with various ruminant diets and dosages to find an effective supplement to reduce methane emissions.

Phosphine and phosphine plus ethyl formate for controlling papaya mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on succulents.

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), poses a serious threat to global trade and is classified as a quarantine pest in some countries. Phosphine (PH3) is considered an alternative to methyl bromide for postharvest control of P. marginatus.

Development and Application of a New QuEChERS Method Coupled with UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS for Analysis of Tiafenacil and Its Photolysis Products in Water.

This research centered on the novel pyrimidinedione herbicide, tiafenacil. Residues of tiafenacil and its three photolysis products (PP1 to PP3) in water were analyzed using advanced QuEChERS and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS techniques, reaching a low limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 10 μg/L. Calibration curves exhibited a high degree of linearity ( ≥ 0.

Assessment of fuzzy logic to enhance species distribution modelling of two cryptic wood boring beetle species in Australia.

Fuzzy logic presents a promising approach for Species Distribution Modelling by generating a value that can be used for comparative purposes termed 'environmental favourability'. In contrast to 'presence probability', 'environmental favourability' remains robust regardless of species prevalence. This characteristic facilitates effective comparisons across species with varying levels of prevalence.

Metabolite Profiling of Annual Ryegrass Cultivars to Assess Disease Resistance and Susceptibility.

Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to create chemical fingerprints of annual ryegrass cultivars (). Extracts made of the inflorescences of four cultivars and one accession of annual ryegrass were assessed to identify differential metabolites between those resistant to and susceptible to bacterial galls associated with annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT). Numerous compounds were identified.

Use of high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization for fast and robust detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs.

Early, rapid, and accurate diagnostic tests play critical roles not only in the identification/management of individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2, but also in fast and effective public health surveillance, containment, and response. Our aim has been to develop a fast and robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs by using an HEK 293 T cell culture model. At various times after being transfected with SARS-CoV-2 E and N plasmids, HEK 293 T cells were fixed and then hybridized with ATTO-labeled short DNA probes (about 20 nt).

Accumulation of Large Lineage-Specific Repeats Coincides with Sequence Acceleration and Structural Rearrangement in Plantago Plastomes.

Repeats can mediate rearrangements and recombination in plant mitochondrial genomes and plastid genomes. While repeat accumulations are linked to heightened evolutionary rates and complex structures in specific lineages, debates persist regarding the extent of their influence on sequence and structural evolution. In this study, 75 Plantago plastomes were analyzed to investigate the relationships between repeats, nucleotide substitution rates, and structural variations.

The Food Source and Gut Bacteria Show Effects on the Invasion of Alien Pests-A Case of (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae).

How alien pests invade new areas has always been a hot topic in invasion biology. The spread of the from southern to northern China involved changes in food sources. In this paper, in controlled conditions, we take as an example to study how plant host transformation affects gut bacteria by feeding it its favorite host oranges in the south, its favorite host peaches and apples in the north, and feeding it cucumbers as a non-favorite host plant, thereby further affecting their fitness during invasion.

Assessing genotypes of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) as an alternative to maize silage for sheep nutrition.

Nutritive value of five Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel grass) genotypes (IG96-50, IG96-96, IG96-358, IG96-401 and IG96-403) weredetermined. Their sugar contents (>70 mg/g of dry matter) and ensiling potential were evaluated using in vitro batch culture and in vivo studies. Research indicated significant differences (P < 0.

Evaluation of Iron Chlorin e6 disappearance and hydrolysis in soil and garlic using salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet-visible detection.

Iron Chlorin e6 (ICE6), a star plant growth regulator (PGR) with independent intellectual property rights in China, has demonstrated its efficacy through numerous field experiments. We innovatively employed salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) with HPLC-UV/Vis to detect ICE6 residues in water, soil, garlic seeds, and sprouts. Using methanol and a C18 column with acetonitrile: 0.

Proanthocyanidins isolated from the leaves of evaluated on the activities of rumen enzymes: and studies.

Two new proanthocyanidins (2S:3S)-(-)-epicatechin-(4α→8)4-(2R:3R)-(+)-catechin (Compound 1) and (2R, 3R)-3-O-galloyl-(+)-catechin (4β→8)3-(2R, 3R)-3-O-galloyl-(+)-catechin (Compound 2) were isolated from and characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR), C NMR, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation . The bioactivity and drug scores of isolated compounds were predicted using OSIRIS property explorer applications with drug scores of 0.03 (compound 1) and 0.

The haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere carnation () genome reveals the correlation between genome architecture and gene expression.

Carnation () is one of the most valuable commercial flowers, due to its richness of color and form, and its excellent storage and vase life. The diverse demands of the market require faster breeding in carnations. A full understanding of carnations is therefore required to guide the direction of breeding.

Agroecological Zone-Specific Diet Optimization for Water Buffalo () through Nutritional and In Vitro Fermentation Studies.

The water buffalo faces challenges in optimizing nutrition due to varying local feed resources. In response to this challenge, the current study introduces originality by addressing the lack of region-specific feeding strategies for water buffaloes. This is achieved through the formulation of 30 different diets based on locally available resources, offering a tailored approach to enhance nutritional optimization in diverse agroecological contexts.

Rice residue promotes mobilisation and plant acquisition of soil phosphorus under wheat (Triticum aestivum)-rice (Oryza sativa) cropping sequence in a semi-arid Inceptisol.

Disposal of significant tonnages of rice straw is expensive, but using it to mobilise phosphorus (P) from inorganically fixed pools in the soil may add value. This study was carried out to determine whether the use of rice straw mixed with phosphorus-solubilizing microbes could solubilize a sizable portion fixed soil P and affect P transformation, silicon (Si) concentration, organic acid concentrations, and enzyme activity to increase plant growth. Depending on the soil temperature, the application of rice straw at 12 Mg ha with phosphorus-solubilizing microbes could solubilize 3.

A high-quality genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales.

is a perennial ornamental shrub that is highly regarded in ornamental horticulture around the world. However, the absence of genome data limits our understanding of the pathways involved in bract coloration and breeding. Here, we report a chromosome-level assembly of the giga-genome of 'Mrs Butt', a cultivar thought to be the origin of many other cultivars.