Anterior anchor placement in deltoid ligament augmentation for the treatment of ankle fracture with both syndesmosis and deltoid ligament injury: A biomechanical study.

In deltoid ligament (DL) augmentation for the treatment of ankle fracture with both syndesmosis and DL injuries, the exact suture anchor insertion point of the ligament on the talus is likely to influence the repair strength. However, the ideal anchor position remains unclear. This biomechanical study aimed to compare the external rotation stability between cadaveric ankle fracture models with different insertion sites of the suture anchor.

A-485 alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis by activating GLUD1 deacetylation through the SENP1-Sirt3 signal pathway.

Objective: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) is a bone disease caused by estrogen deficiency. A-485 is a selective inhibitor of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase (HAT) with potential regulatory effects on bone remodeling. This study aims to investigate the effects of A-485 on postmenopausal OP and its underlying mechanisms.

Efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures (OVCF).

Methods: A total of 120 OVCF patients, admitted between March 2022 and September 2022, were enrolled and assigned to either a control group or a research group (n=60 each) in this retrospective study. The control group received conventional analgesic treatment, while the research group was treated with ESPB.

Novel radiological predictors for the progression of proximal junctional kyphosis in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with kyphosis following posterior corrective surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect of some novel risk factors associated with L1 vertebrae and parameters closely related to the sagittal alignment for the occurrence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) following surgery for patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) kyphosis.

Methods: 74 OVCF patients undergoing posterior corrective surgery between January 2008 and June 2021 with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. These patients were divided into PJK and non-PJK groups.

Identifying potential Q-markers for quality evaluation of Zhenyuan capsule by integrating chemical analysis, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Quality markers (Q-markers) are of great significance for quality evaluation of herbal medicines. Zhenyuan Capsule (ZYC) is a kind of Chinese patent medicine used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, reliable and effective Q-markers for ZYC are still lacking.

How to make a more optimal surgical plan for Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: a comparative study based on the changes of the sagittal alignment and selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra.

Background: The treatment of patients with Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is closely related to the pelvic because the spine-pelvis is an interacting whole. Besides, the choice of fusion segment is a significant issue; with the optimal choice, there will be fewer complications and restoring the pelvic morphology to some extent. This study aims to analyze the impact of changes in sagittal parameters and selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) on spine and pelvic morphology for better surgical strategy.

Anti-HIV Potential of Beesioside I Derivatives as Maturation Inhibitors: Synthesis, 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

HIV-1 maturation is the final step in the retroviral lifecycle that is regulated by the proteolytic cleavage of the Gag precursor protein. As a first-in-class HIV-1 maturation inhibitor (MI), bevirimat blocks virion maturation by disrupting capsid-spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1) cleavage, which acts as the target of MIs. Previous alterations of beesioside I (1) produced (20S,24S)-15ꞵ,16ꞵ-diacetoxy-18,24; 20,24-diepoxy-9,19-cyclolanostane-3ꞵ,25-diol 3-O-3′,3′-dimethylsuccinate (3, DSC), showing similar anti-HIV potency compared to bevirimat.

Study on the Relationship between the Use of Bisphosphonates for Antiosteoporosis and Vertebral Re-Fracture after Vertebroplasty.

Objective: To explore the effect of bisphosphonates after vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), and to analyze the relationship between the use of bisphosphonates and vertebral refracture.

Methods: A total of 150 patients with OVCF were selected from the pain department of our hospital from January 2018 to May 2020. All patients received vertebroplasty after admission, and were divided into the surgery group (62 cases) and combined with the bisphosphonates group (combined group, 88 cases) according to whether patients had used bisphosphonates after surgery.

Calix[4]arene Bridge Mononitration with -Butyl Nitrite: Synthesis of Bridging Chiral --Butylcalix[4]arene with a Mononitro Bridge Substituent.

To explore the reaction universality of bridge nitration, the mononitration of different butylcalix[4]arene derivatives was executed with -butyl nitrite as a nitration reagent. The effects of calix[4]arene conformations, substituents on the lower rim, and reaction conditions on bridge mononitration are systematically studied. The bridge nitration of butylcalix[4]arene derivatives in 1,3-alternate, 1,2-alternate, and partial cone conformations can be smoothly executed while that of butylcalix[4]arene derivatives strictly regulated in a cone conformation cannot.

The role of FYCO1-dependent autophagy in lens fiber cell differentiation.

FYCO1 (FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1) is an adaptor protein, expressed ubiquitously and required for microtubule-dependent, plus-end-directed transport of macroautophagic/autophagic vesicles. We have previously shown that loss-of-function mutations in cause cataracts with no other ocular and/or extra-ocular phenotype. Here, we show homozygous knockout () mice recapitulate the cataract phenotype consistent with a critical role of FYCO1 and autophagy in lens morphogenesis.

Mononitration of a Calix[4]arene Methylene Bridge: Synthesis and Preliminary Catalysis Performances of Bridging Chiral --Butylcalix[4]arenes with a Monoamino Bridge Substituent in a 1,3-Alternate Conformation.

In order to prepare bridging chiral --butylcalix[4]crown-5 with a mononitro bridge substituent in a 1,3-alternate conformation, a mononitration method of calix[4]arene bridging methylene has been first developed with -butyl nitrite as a nitration reagent. The effects of solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time, and nitration reagent dosage on bridge mononitration have been deeply explored to obtain an optimal nitration condition. The facile nitration presents a new key for calix[4]arene bridge derivatization.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of hESC- and iPSC-derived lentoid bodies.

The ocular lens serves as an excellent system to investigate the intricate details of development and differentiation. Generation of lentoid bodies or lens-like structures using pluripotent stem cells is important for understanding the processes critical for lens morphogenesis and the mechanism of cataractogenesis. We previously reported the generation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-originated, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Identification of the Genome-wide Expression Patterns of Long Non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in Mice with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), an early symptom of diabetic neuropathy, involves complex mechanisms. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Here, we investigated the genome-wide expression patterns of lncRNAs and genes in the spinal dorsal horn of mice with streptozotocin-induced DNP.

LncRNA expression in the spinal cord modulated by minocycline in a mouse model of spared nerve injury.

Neuropathic pain is a common and refractory chronic pain that affects millions of people worldwide. Its underlying mechanisms are still unclear, but they may involve long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play crucial roles in a variety of biological functions, including nociception. We used microarrays to investigate the possible interactions between lncRNAs and neuropathic pain and identified 22,213 lncRNAs and 19,528 mRNAs in the spinal cord in a mouse model of spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain.

Role of hydrogen sulfide in paramyxovirus infections.

Unlabelled: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous mediator that has gained increasing recognition as an important player in modulating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, its role in virus-induced lung inflammation is currently unknown. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children for which no vaccine or effective treatment is available.

Characterization of the mammalian miRNA turnover landscape.

Steady state cellular microRNA (miRNA) levels represent the balance between miRNA biogenesis and turnover. The kinetics and sequence determinants of mammalian miRNA turnover during and after miRNA maturation are not fully understood. Through a large-scale study on mammalian miRNA turnover, we report the co-existence of multiple cellular miRNA pools with distinct turnover kinetics and biogenesis properties and reveal previously unrecognized sequence features for fast turnover miRNAs.

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase mediates NF-κB serine 276 phosphorylation and interferon expression via the IRF7-RIG-I amplification loop in paramyxovirus infection.

Unlabelled: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary etiological agent of childhood lower respiratory tract disease. Molecular patterns induced by active infection trigger a coordinated retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling response to induce inflammatory cytokines and antiviral mucosal interferons. Recently, we discovered a nuclear oxidative stress-sensitive pathway mediated by the DNA damage response protein, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), in cytokine-induced NF-κB/RelA Ser 276 phosphorylation.

Jak/Stat3 signaling promotes somatic cell reprogramming by epigenetic regulation.

Although leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) maintains the ground state pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by activating the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Jak/Stat3) pathway, the mechanism remained unclear. Stat3 has only been shown to promote complete reprogramming of epiblast and neural stem cells and partially reprogrammed cells (pre-iPSCs). We investigated if and how Jak/Stat3 activation promotes reprogramming of terminally differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).

Recombinant rabbit leukemia inhibitory factor and rabbit embryonic fibroblasts support the derivation and maintenance of rabbit embryonic stem cells.

The rabbit is a classical experimental animal species. A major limitation in using rabbits for biomedical research is the lack of germ-line-competent rabbit embryonic stem cells (rbESCs). We hypothesized that the use of homologous feeder cells and recombinant rabbit leukemia inhibitory factor (rbLIF) might improve the chance in deriving germ-line-competent rbES cells.

High-efficiency transfection and siRNA-mediated gene knockdown in human pluripotent stem cells.

This unit describes a protocol on how to achieve high transfection efficiency on human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells using the common transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 as a carrier instead of involving a virus, and/or expensive equipment and reagents. Applying this technique for siRNA-mediated gene targeting to knockdown genes in the pluripotent stem cells, the expression of pluripotent genes, such as OCT4 and LIN28, was downregulated by more than 90% in multiple pluripotent cell lines. Beyond reaching high transfection efficiency on pluripotent cells, this protocol should also have application to primary cells that are traditionally difficult to transfect.

High-efficiency siRNA-based gene knockdown in human embryonic stem cells.

Loss-of-function studies in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via nonviral approaches have been largely unsuccessful. Here we report a simple and cost-effective method for high-efficiency delivery of plasmids and siRNAs into hESCs and iPSCs. Using this method for siRNA delivery, we achieve >90% reduction in the expression of the stem cell factors Oct4 and Lin28, and observe cell morphological and staining pattern changes, characteristics of hESC differentiation, as a result of Oct4 knockdown.

Hepatitis C virus NS2 protein serves as a scaffold for virus assembly by interacting with both structural and nonstructural proteins.

Many aspects of the assembly of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain incompletely understood. To characterize the role of NS2 in the production of infectious virus, we determined NS2 interaction partners among other HCV proteins during productive infection. Pulldown assays showed that NS2 forms complexes with both structural and nonstructural proteins, including E1, E2, p7, NS3, and NS5A.