A deep convolutional neural network-based method for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis.

Background: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common tumors of the respiratory tract. Currently, the diagnosis of LSCC is mainly based on a laryngoscopy analysis and pathological findings. Deep-learning algorithms have been shown to provide accurate clinical diagnoses.

[Application of deep convolutional neural networks in the diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on narrow band imaging endoscopy].

To explore the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to assist the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) through deep learning algorithm. A deep CNN was developed and applied in narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy of 4 799 patients with laryngeal lesions, including 3 168 males and 1 631 females, aged from 21 to 87 years, from 2015 to 2017 in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. A simple randomization method was used to select the laryngeal NBI images of 2 427 patients (1 388 benign lesions and 1 039 LSCC lesions) for the training and correction the CNN model.

Loss of KDM4B exacerbates bone-fat imbalance and mesenchymal stromal cell exhaustion in skeletal aging.

Skeletal aging is a complex process, characterized by a decrease in bone formation, an increase in marrow fat, and stem cell exhaustion. Loss of H3K9me3, a heterochromatin mark, has been proposed to be associated with aging. Here, we report that loss of KDM4B in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exacerbated skeletal aging and osteoporosis by reducing bone formation and increasing marrow adiposity via increasing H3K9me3.

CDCA2 Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Prostate Cancer and Is Directly Regulated by HIF-1α Pathway.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major serious malignant tumor and is commonly diagnosed in older men. Identification of novel cancer-related genes in PCa is important for understanding its tumorigenesis mechanism and developing new therapies against PCa. Here, we used RNA sequencing to identify the specific genes, which are upregulated in PCa cell lines and tissues.

Author Correction: KDM3 epigenetically controls tumorigenic potentials of human colorectal cancer stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signalling.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

CADM2 inhibits human glioma proliferation, migration and invasion.

Malignant glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the brain parenchyma with a poor prognosis. Cell adhesion molecules (CADMs) immunoglobulin super family is involved in the maintenance of cell adhesion, polarity and tumor suppression. However, the role and mechanisms of CADM2 in human glioma have yet to be elucidated.

Gene expression profile analysis of U251 glioma cells with shRNA-mediated SOX9 knockdown.

Purpose: In glioma, the sex-determining region Y-box 9 gene (SOX9) is overexpressed and its downregulation leads to inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and increased cell apoptosis. To further evaluate the molecular and signal pathways associated with the function of SOX9 and SOX9 target genes, a global gene expression profile of the established SOX9-knockdown U251 cells was investigated.

Methods: The molecular function and biological pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.

A response prediction model for taxane, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The five-year survival rate of HNSCC has not improved even with major technological advancements in surgery and chemotherapy. Currently, docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluoruracil (TPF) treatment has been the most popular chemotherapy method for HNSCC; but only a small percentage of HNSCC patients exhibit a good response to TPF treatment.

KDM4B protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction.

Although significant progress has been made in understanding epigenetic regulation of in vitro adipogenesis, the physiological functions of epigenetic regulators in metabolism and their roles in obesity remain largely elusive. Here, we report that KDM4B (lysine demethylase 4B) in adipose tissues plays a critical role in energy balance, oxidation, lipolysis, and thermogenesis. Loss of KDM4B in mice resulted in obesity associated with reduced energy expenditure and impaired adaptive thermogenesis.

Association between SOX9 and CA9 in glioma, and its effects on chemosensitivity to TMZ.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, resistance to this drug is common. SRY-Box 9 (SOX9) expression is associated with a poor prognosis of patients with GBM and with resistance to TMZ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of SOX9 inhibition on the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ treatment.

SOX9-PDK1 axis is essential for glioma stem cell self-renewal and temozolomide resistance.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Glioma stem cell (GSC) is thought to be greatly responsible for glioma tumor progression and drug resistance. But the molecular mechanisms of GSC deriving recurrence and drug resistance are still unclear.

Clinical significance of Iroquois Homeobox Gene - IRX1 in human glioma.

The present study aimed to investigate the location, expression and clinical significance of Iroquois homeobox gene (IRX1) in human glioma. The expression of IRX1 gene in glioma cell lines (U87, U373, LN229 and T98G) and normal brain tissue was detected via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The IRX1 protein in fresh glioma specimens, with the adjacent normal brain tissue, was quantified through western blotting.

Hexokinase 2 (HK2), the tumor promoter in glioma, is downregulated by miR-218/Bmi1 pathway.

In cancer, glycolysis driving enzymes and their regulating microRNAs are one of the key focus of oncology research lately. The glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) is crucial for the Warburg effect in human glioma, the most common malignant brain tumor. In the present study, we studied the tumorigenic role of HK2 in glioma, and clarified the mechanism of miR-218 induced HK2 regulation in glioma development.

The epigenetic modifier PBRM1 restricts the basal activity of the innate immune system by repressing retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor signalling and is a potential prognostic biomarker for colon cancer.

It has long been known that patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The innate immune system of host cells provides a first-line defence against pathogenic infection, whereas an uncontrolled inflammatory response under homeostatic conditions usually leads to pathological consequences, as exemplified by the chronic inflammation of IBD. The key molecules and pathways keeping innate immunity in check are still poorly defined.

Overexpression of a novel candidate oncogene KIF14 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men. The mechanism underlying tumorigenesis and development of PCa is largely unknown. Here, we identified Kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) as a novel candidate oncogene in PCa.

KDM3 epigenetically controls tumorigenic potentials of human colorectal cancer stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signalling.

Human colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumour initiating cells that can self-renew and are highly tumorigenic and chemoresistant. While genetic mutations associated with human colorectal cancer development are well-known, little is known about how and whether epigenetic factors specifically contribute to the functional properties of human colorectal CSCs. Here we report that the KDM3 family of histone demethylases plays an important role in tumorigenic potential and survival of human colorectal CSCs by epigenetically activating Wnt target gene transcription.

OSR1 is a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor regulating invasion and proliferation in renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most malignant tumors in human. Here, we found that odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 (OSR1) was downregulated in 769-P and 786-O cells due to promoter CpG methylation. OSR1 expression could be restored by pharmacological demethylation treatment in silenced cell lines.

A novel read-through transcript JMJD7-PLA2G4B regulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and survival.

Recent findings on the existence of oncogenic fusion genes in a wide array of solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), suggests that fusion genes have become attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we showed for the first time that a read-through fusion gene JMJD7-PLA2G4B is presented in HNSCC, splicing neighboring jumonji domain containing 7 (JMJD7) and phospholipase A2, group IVB (PLA2G4B) genes together. Ablation of JMJD7-PLA2G4B significantly inhibited proliferation of HNSCC cells by promoting G1 cell cycle arrest and increased starvation-induced cell death compared to JMJD7-only knockdown HNSCC cells.

MicroRNA-101 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioblastoma by targeting SOX9.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumors originating in the brain parenchyma. At present, GBM patients have a poor prognosis despite the continuous progress in therapeutic technologies including surgery, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy. Recent studies revealed that miR-101 was remarkably down-regulated in kinds of human cancers and was associated with aggressive tumor cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal.

Acylglycerol kinase functions as an oncogene and an unfavorable prognostic marker of human gliomas.

Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) regulates various cellular processes involved into tumorigenesis and tumor progression. To investigate involvement of AGK in human gliomas, here, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to respectively detect the expression of AGK mRNA and protein in glioma and nonneoplastic brain tissue specimens. Then, the associations of AGK expression with various clinicopathological characteristics and patients' prognosis were statistically evaluated.

LATS2 suppresses oncogenic Wnt signaling by disrupting β-catenin/BCL9 interaction.

Abnormal activation of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription is associated with a variety of human cancers. Here, we report that LATS2 inhibits oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription by disrupting the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction. LATS2 directly interacts with β-catenin and is present on Wnt target gene promoters.

FEZF2, a novel 3p14 tumor suppressor gene, represses oncogene EZH2 and MDM2 expression and is frequently methylated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumor prevalent in southern China and southeast Asia, with the 3p14-p12 locus reported as a critical tumor suppressor gene (TSG) region during its pathogenesis. We identified a novel 3p14.2 TSG, FEZF2 (FEZ family zinc finger 2), for NPC.

A novel 19q13 nucleolar zinc finger protein suppresses tumor cell growth through inhibiting ribosome biogenesis and inducing apoptosis but is frequently silenced in multiple carcinomas.

Epigenetic disruption of tumor suppressor genes is frequently involved in tumorigenesis. We identified a novel 19q13 KRAB domain-containing zinc finger protein, ZNF545/ZFP82, broadly expressed in normal tissues but downregulated in multiple tumor cell lines. The ZNF545 promoter contains a CpG island, which is frequently methylated in cell lines.

Zinc-finger protein 545 is a novel tumour suppressor that acts by inhibiting ribosomal RNA transcription in gastric cancer.

Objective: Zinc-finger protein 545 (ZNF545) is a member of the family of Krüppel-associated box-containing zinc-finger proteins. The aim of this study was to clarify its biological function as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer.

Design: The biological function of ZNF545 was determined by cell growth and apoptosis assays.