Ambient air pollution exposure, mediating biomarkers and risk of COPD: a cohort study and meta-analysis.

Background: Limited evidence exists on air pollution's systemic impact on lung function and mediating biomarkers. This study comprehensively evaluated associations between air pollution, COPD and lung function, while exploring biomarker mediation.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 451 566 UK Biobank participants was conducted.

Migration of a urethral foreign body into the scrotum in an adolescent: a case report.

Background: Urethral foreign body insertion is an underreported issue in adolescents. Migration to the scrotum is exceptionally rare, with < 20 cases reported. We highlight diagnostic and management challenges.

Global burden and trends of high BMI-attributable chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2035.

Background: High body mass index (BMI) is a major modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), significantly contributing to its global burden. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the global burden of CKD attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2021, identify demographic and regional variations, evaluate contributing risk factors, and project future trends through 2035.

Methods: The population-based analysis utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, encompassing 204 countries and territories across 21 GBD regions.

Regulation of macrophage pyroptosis by SIRT1 during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic gram-negative bacterial pathogen, is the main cause of lung infections. Pulmonary infection induced by PA results in inflammatory lung injury characterized by macrophage pyroptosis. In our study, a mouse model of pulmonary infection was established by tracheal intubation with PA in vivo, and the MH-S macrophage line was stimulated with PA in vitro.

Neutrophil-mediated alteration of CXCL1/IL-8/AR signaling promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation.

The role of immune cells, particularly neutrophils, in the prostate cancer (PCa) progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of neutrophils on PCa progression using an in vitro co-culture migration assay. Our findings revealed that PCa cells recruited more neutrophils than normal prostate epithelial cells.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Protection and Chondrogenic Differentiation in Tracheal Fistula Therapy via Bioactive Platinum Nanozymes.

Stem cells are highly regarded in regenerative medicine for their ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration, exhibiting great potential for tracheal fistula (TF) repair. However, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) at damaged TF sites compromise stem cell viability, differentiation, and functional capacity. This challenge is particularly pronounced due to the limited intrinsic healing potential of the tracheal cartilage, which further complicates effective TF repair.

Derlin-3 manipulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress and IgG4 secretion of plasma cells in lung adenocarcinoma.

Derlin-3 has been implicated as an essential element in the degradation of misfolded lumenal glycoproteins induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, its potential biomechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that Derlin-3 was predominantly elevated in LUAD tissues, and could predict worse prognosis of LUAD patients.

Mechanistic Insights into the Formation of Nanofibrous Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) and their Promotion to the Catalysis of Hydrodechlorination.

The nanoscale morphologies of COFs deeply affect their performance in practical applications. However, it still lacks studies to well understand their formation mechanism for guiding and controlling the synthesis for desired nanomorphology. To achieve more mechanistic insights into the formation of nanofibrous COFs, herein a series of nanofibrous and non-fibrous COFs are synthesized and the intrinsic relationships among the morphology, chemical constituent, structure planarity, and the DFT calculated interlayer stacking energy are investigated comprehensively.

The influence of different forms of apple products on all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension.

Objective: Apple consumption has a positive effect on human health. Some studies have shown that an appropriate amount of apple intake can reduce the incidence of hypertension. However, few studies have investigated whether eating different forms of apples has the same benefits as eating whole apples.

The role of the microbiota and metabolites in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with UC-MSCs: Integrating fecal metabolomics and 16S rDNA analysis.

Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible interstitial lung disease characterized by a lack of effective therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest in the realm of lung regeneration due to their abundant availability, ease of isolation, and capacity for expansion. The objective of our study was to investigate the potential therapeutic role of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in the management of PF, with a focus on the alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites during the use of UC-MSCs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the possible mechanisms involved.

Nonlinear association between the serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio and all cause mortality in patients with hypertension: a ten-year cohort study using the NHANES database.

The serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio (UCR) may be a simple method for assessing xanthine oxidase overactivation, which may contribute to an increase in serum uric acid production and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the nonlinear association between the UCR and long-term mortality in patients with hypertension. Data were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, and a total of 11,346 patients with hypertension were included.

Platinum nanozyme embedded in hyaluronate with multifunctional attributes synergistically promoting tracheal fistula healing.

Respiratory tract fistulas, including tracheal and bronchial fistulas, usually cause prolonged hospitalization with developed complications and even death, while respiratory tract fistula healing remains challenging. Exploring effectiveness and mechanism in animal systems using well-designed bio-nanomaterials will improve our understanding of fistula management. Hyaluronate (hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid) has been widely studied as a promising coating material for bio-nanomaterials in treatment applications.

Environmental Stability Determines the Cytotoxicity of Metal-Organic Frameworks to a Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium .

During widespread applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the environmental hazards and risks of MOFs have aroused great concerns. In this study, we aimed to reveal the importance of the environmental stability of MOFs on their toxicity. Two Zn-MOFs, namely, ZIF-8 with high aqueous stability and Zn-BDC with low aqueous stability, were compared directly in the toxicological evaluations of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium .

Important functions and molecular mechanisms of aquaporins family on respiratory diseases: potential translational values.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a subgroup of small transmembrane transporters that are distributed in various types of tissues, including the lung, kidney, heart and central nervous system. It is evident that respiratory diseases represent a significant global health concern, with a considerable number of deaths occurring worldwide. Recent researches have demonstrated that AQPs play a pivotal role in respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

MiR-125b-5p alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGFβ1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting BAK1.

This study explores the role and potential mechanisms of microRNA-125b-5p (miR-125b-5p) in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). PF is a typical outcome of many chronic lung diseases, with poor prognosis and the lack of appropriate medical treatment because PF's molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo analyses, we find that miR-125b-5p is likely a potent regulator of lung fibrosis.

Ginger-derived nanovesicles attenuate osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting oxidative stress via the Nrf2 pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease. Previous studies demonstrated ginger-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (GDN) showed therapeutic effects in degenerative diseases. However, it remains unknown whether GDN could alleviate OA progression.

Development of a diagnostic model for detecting mild cognitive impairment in young and middle-aged patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-disordered breathing condition linked to the accelerated onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the prevalence of undiagnosed MCI among OSA patients is high and attributable to the complexity and specialized nature of MCI diagnosis. Timely identification and intervention for MCI can potentially prevent or delay the onset of dementia.

Causal associations of obstructive sleep apnea with Chronic Respiratory Diseases: a Mendelian Randomization study.

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs), employing Mendelian Randomization (MR) to overcome limitations inherent in observational studies.

Methods: Utilizing a two-sample MR approach, this study analyzed genetic variants as instrumental variables to investigate the causal link between OSA and various CRDs, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Data were sourced from the FinnGen Consortium (OSA, n = 375,657) and UK Biobank, focusing on genome-wide associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the diseases.

PPAR-γ/NF-kB/AQP3 axis in M2 macrophage orchestrates lung adenocarcinoma progression by upregulating IL-6.

Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), which is mostly expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells, was linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the underlying functions and mechanisms of AQP3 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of LUAD have not been elucidated. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to study the composition, lineage, and functional states of TME-infiltrating immune cells and discover AQP3-expressing subpopulations in five LUAD patients.

Dynamic 3D Point Cloud Sequences as 2D Videos.

Dynamic 3D point cloud sequences serve as one of the most common and practical representation modalities of dynamic real-world environments. However, their unstructured nature in both spatial and temporal domains poses significant challenges to effective and efficient processing. Existing deep point cloud sequence modeling approaches imitate the mature 2D video learning mechanisms by developing complex spatio-temporal point neighbor grouping and feature aggregation schemes, often resulting in methods lacking effectiveness, efficiency, and expressive power.

Tracheal regeneration and mesenchymal stem cell augmenting potential of natural polyphenol-loaded gelatinmethacryloyl bioadhesive.

Hydrogels incorporating natural biopolymer and adhesive substances have extensively been used to develop bioactive drugs and to design cells encapsulating sturdy structure for biomedical applications. However, the conjugation of the adhesive in most hydrogels is insufficient to maintain long-lasting biocompatibility inadequate to accelerate internal organ tissue repair in the essential native cellular microenvironment. The current work elaborates the synthesis of charged choline-catechol ionic liquid (BIL) adhesive and a hydrogel with an electronegative atom rich polyphenol (PU)-laden gelatinmethacryloyl (GelMA) to improve the structural bioactivities for in vivo tracheal repair by inducing swift crosslinking along with durable mechanical and tissue adhesive properties.

Roles of glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 in reprogramming of airway epithelial lipidomic and metabolomic profiles after smoking.

Metabolic abnormalities represent one of the pathological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) is involved in glutamate metabolism and lipid synthesis pathways, whilst the exact roles of GPT2 in the occurrence and development of COPD remains uncertain. This study aims at investigating how GPT2 and the associated genes modulate smoking-induced airway epithelial metabolism and damage by reprogramming lipid synthesis.

Integration of clinical phenoms and metabolomics facilitates precision medicine for lung cancer.

Lung cancer is a common malignancy that is frequently associated with systemic metabolic disorders. Early detection is pivotal to survival improvement. Although blood biomarkers have been used in its early diagnosis, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis still exist due to the heterogeneity of lung cancer.