A single-molecule biosensor based on multiple fluorophore nucleic acid probe and STORM imaging for detection of Hantaan virus.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), caused by Hantaan virus, poses a serious public health threat. Current diagnostic methods remain limited by low sensitivity, complex procedures, and high sample requirements. To address this, we developed a highly sensitive single-molecule biosensor using multi-fluorophore nucleic acid probes and STORM imaging for the detection of Hantaan virus RNA.

Post-Translationally Modified Proteoforms as Biomarkers: From Discovery to Clinical Use.

Background: Protein biomarkers are routinely measured for disease diagnosis and prognosis in clinical laboratories. Since most assays focus on protein quantity, information about proteoforms is often not acquired. Proteoforms of a protein represent the complex integration of genetic polymorphism, alternative splicing of RNA transcripts, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the amino-acid backbone.

Enrichment of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria by pH-responsive sodium alginate and chitosan-encapsulated quercetin.

Introduction: Conventional approaches to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) focus on suppressing excessive inflammation and immune responses. Nevertheless, these treatments fail to address gut dysbiosis or restore the intestinal mucosal barrier effectively. Regulating the intestinal microenvironment may be pivotal to more effective therapies for UC.

Therapeutic effects of topical Mycophenolate mofetil on hydroquinone-induced depigmentation in Guinea pigs and mice.

Background: Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder with an undefined specific pathogenesis, with the autoimmune theory being a prominent etiology. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a novel immunosuppressant, selectively inhibits inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), crucial for lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Recent research has highlighted MMF's efficacy in vitiligo treatment; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3: A key biomarker for response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis.

Background: The pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains unclear. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only first-line clinical treatment, but approximately 40% of patients exhibit a poor response.

Aim: To identify novel biomarkers for PBC to predict the efficacy of UDCA and enhance treatment.

The impact of preoperative biliary drainage on bile colonization of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) may be performed for jaundiced patients with periampullary tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBD on biliary microbiome and perioperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 323 patients who underwent PD between March 2018 and March 2024.

A Piezoelectric-Actuated Variable Stiffness Miniature Rotary Joint.

With the acceleration of industrialization, deformable mechanisms that can adapt to complex environments have gained widespread applications. Joints serve as carriers for transmitting forces and motions between components, and their stiffness significantly influences the static and dynamic characteristics of deformable mechanisms. A variable stiffness joint is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of the system, as well as for enhancing environmental adaptability.

Nanomedicine in fungal keratitis: current applications and future prospects.

Fungal keratitis (FK) poses a significant public health challenge, causing substantial harm to human health and the socio-economic landscape. However, due to the special anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eye, the current therapeutic drugs for FK are not effective, which brings obstacles to the clinical treatment of FK. Nanomedicine is a new therapeutic method that has emerged in the field of FK therapy in recent years.

Environmental risk management and innovation: The impact of patent insurance pilots on clean technology development.

Green transformation has become a global consensus, promoting green technology innovation of heavy polluting enterprises has become a key issue to promote sustainable development. We take implementation of patent insurance pilot policy as an exogenous shock, and constructs a multi-period double difference model based on the data of A-share listed companies in the heavy pollution industry from 2008 to 2023 to empirically test impact of patent insurance pilot on enterprises' green technology innovation. The findings show that the patent insurance pilot significantly enhance green technology innovation level of heavy pollution enterprises.

Title: clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and the risk of breast cancer a UK Biobank cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and the risk of breast cancer.

Methods: We analyzed data from the UK Biobank, initially comprised 502,170 participants who met our inclusion criteria. Baseline data on age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, smoking habits, diet quality scores, physical activity levels, and health status.

Development of a Highly Potent Neurokinin‑3 Receptor Inhibitor: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation.

The neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Recent evidence indicates that oral administration of an NK3R antagonist to block neurokinin B signaling significantly alleviates hot flash symptoms. Despite this potential, only one NK3R ligand (ESN-364) has been clinically approved to date.

Liposomal dexamethasone for intra-articular therapy: Functional strategies and clinical progress.

Intra-articular (IA) injection of dexamethasone (DEX) is an established approach for managing inflammation in arthritis, but it is limited by rapid clearance and short-lived efficacy. Liposomes offer a versatile platform to address these issues by enhancing joint retention and enabling sustained release. This review outlines the pharmacological basis for liposomal DEX in IA therapy and systematically discusses emerging functional strategies to optimize its therapeutic performance.

Saw-tooth cardiomyopathy from foetal to neonatal period: a case report and literature review.

Background: Saw-tooth cardiomyopathy is a rare condition characterized by left ventricular (LV) dysplasia, defined by multiple myocardial crypts resembling a 'saw-tooth' pattern on imaging examinations.

Case Summary: We present a case involving a 10-day-old neonate who was diagnosed with saw-tooth cardiomyopathy, a diagnosis substantiated by echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). The patient demonstrated arrhythmia characterized by premature atrial contractions and had a suspected cardiomyopathy identified during the foetal period.

Targeting RIPK1-mediated necroptosis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis: A novel multitarget therapy for ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is characterized by high mortality and disability rates, and involves complex pathological processes mediated by multiple damage cascade mechanisms. While current clinical investigational drugs predominantly target antioxidant stress pathways, there remains an urgent need for multi-target therapeutic agents with enhanced therapeutic potential. Notably, RIPK1-mediated necroptosis and neuroinflammation have emerged as critical drivers of secondary brain injury, impacting stroke severity and clinical prognosis.

GmGASA12 coordinates hormonal dynamics to enhance soybean water-soluble protein accumulation and seed size.

Water-soluble protein (WSP) content determines soybean nutritional value and processing efficiency, yet its genetic and molecular regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we identified Glycine max gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis 12 (GmGASA12), encoding a gibberellin-regulated protein, as a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) governing WSP, through genome-wide association studies across five environments. Knockout of GmGASA12 resulted in 28.

Functional analysis of GmMATE gene family in soybean phosphorus homeostasis and abiotic stress resilience.

The Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) transporters play critical roles in plant stress adaptation, yet their functional diversity in soybean remains underexplored. Here, we identified 121 GmMATE genes through genome-wide analysis, revealing significant expansion compared to Arabidopsis (56) and rice (46). Phylogenetic classification divided these into five clades associated with citrate efflux, flavonoid transport, disease resistance, detoxification, and hormone regulation.

Onset of extensive human fire use 50,000 y ago.

Fire is a pivotal aspect of human involvement in the carbon cycle. However, the precise timing of the large-scale human fire use remains uncertain. Here, we report a pyrogenic carbon record of East Asian fire history over the past 300,000 y from the East China Sea.

Self-Assembled Photothermal Particles Boost Synergistic Biofilm Eradication and Remineralization in Early Dental Caries Treatment.

Dental caries, driven by dietary habits and microbial biofilms, remains a significant global health issue. In situ biomimetic remineralization is considered a promising method, but its low efficiency is a key challenge. Additionally, the interference of cariogenic bacteria further exacerbates the problem.

Energy-Efficient Stochastic Signal Manipulation in Superparamagnetic Tunnel Junctions via Voltage-Controlled Exchange Coupling.

Superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (sMTJs) are emerging as promising components for stochastic units in neuromorphic computing owing to their tunable random switching behavior. Conventional MTJ control methods, such as spin-transfer torque (STT) and spin-orbit torque (SOT), often require substantial power. Here, we introduce the voltage-controlled exchange coupling (VCEC) mechanism, enabling the switching between antiparallel and parallel states in sMTJs with an ultralow power consumption of only 40 nW, approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower than conventional STT-based sMTJs.

Large Spin-Orbit Torque with Multi-Directional Spin Components in NiW.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) offers an efficient mechanism for manipulating the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials in spintronics-based memory and logic devices. However, conventional SOT materials, such as heavy metals and topological insulators, are limited by high crystal symmetry to generating and injecting only in-plane spins into the ferromagnet. Low-symmetry materials and symmetry-breaking strategies have been employed to generate unconventional spin currents with out-of-plane spin polarization, enabling field-free deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization.

Serum lipid metabolites predict the efficacy of intravenous immune globulin therapy in patients with pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy.

The response of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (PDCM) patients to intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) varies from cardiac functional recovery to heart transplantation and even death. IVIG therapy can significantly improve the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in some PDCM patients, but indicators for evaluating the response to IVIG therapy are lacking. Lipid metabolic disturbance is associated with changes in cardiac function, but no studies have examined the associations between lipidomics markers and the efficacy of IVIG.

Value of Improving Result Interpretation in Direct-to-Definitive Urine Drug Panels.

Drug test interpretation is a challenging area, particularly for large 'direct-to-definitive' panels incorporating multiple active drugs and metabolites. Studies indicate that many clinicians demonstrate knowledge gaps related to drug testing and result interpretation, which can negatively impact clinical management. Laboratory support, particularly interpretative comments and targeted education based on complex 'direct-to-definitive' toxicology panels have been shown to benefit providers and improve accuracy of interpretation.

Prognostic impact of lymph node and surgical margin in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: The study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of lymph node (LN) metastasis combined with surgical margin status on the 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients after radical resection perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC).

Methods: Clinicopathological data of patients with PHCC who underwent curative resection between June 2014 and June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for OS and LN metastasis.

Ultrasound-Triggered Nanocomposite "Lever" Hydrogels with a Full Repair System Accelerates Diabetic Foot Ulcer Repair.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a complex mixture of neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and infection, where excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbates inflammation and impairs healing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a hydrogel dressing with a 'lever' function to balance ROS levels in the wound to achieve both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on DFUs. In this study, we synthesised ROS-responsive diselenide liposomes loaded with a pro-skin healing factor (ergothioneine (ET)), thrombin, and a sonosensitizer (HMME) and constructed nanocomposite 'lever' hydrogels modulated by ultrasound (US).

Evolving demographics of eligible patient population can impact enrollment of a biomarker clinical study.

In a prospective clinical study to better understand how biological markers can improve diagnosis of and prognosis for asthmatic and atopic conditions, we contacted over 3500 eligible patients and observed noticeable differences in the range of their likelihood to enroll based on gender (3.8-13.4%), race and ethnicity (4.