Conceptions of Adolescence: Implications for Differences in Engagement in School Over Early Adolescence in the United States and China.

American youth are more prone to storm and stress during adolescence than are Chinese youth (e.g., American youth's engagement in school declines more).

Co3O4 nanosheets as a high-performance catalyst for oxygen evolution proceeding via a double two-electron process.

The apparent four-electron oxygen evolution catalyzed by Co3O4 nanosheets indeed proceeds via a double two-electron process, because the generated Co(III)/Co(IV) redox couple can synchronously, quickly, and effectively oxidate the intermediate OOH(ads), and thus accelerate O generation.

Mothers' Goals for Adolescents in the United States and China: Content and Transmission.

This research examined children's socialization toward culturally valued goals during adolescence in the United States and China. 223 mothers listed and ranked their 5 most important goals for their children (mean age = 12.85 years).

Links between parental depression and longitudinal changes in youths' neural sensitivity to rewards.

Parental depression is a significant risk factor for adolescents' engagement in risk taking. Yet the neural processes that mediate the link between parental depression and adolescents' functioning remain unknown. Using a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging design, we investigated how parental depression is associated with changes in adolescents' neural reactivity to rewards during a risk-taking task, and how such changes in neural reactivity are associated with changes in risk-taking behavior.

Enhanced charge separation of rutile TiO2 nanorods by trapping holes and transferring electrons for efficient cocatalyst-free photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to fuels.

Modification with chloride and phosphate anions, and coupling with carbon nanotubes could effectively trap holes and transfer the electrons of rutile nanorods, respectively, so as to greatly promote photogenerated charge separation, leading to an obviously-improved cocatalyst-free photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CH4 and CO, along with the positive effects of constructed phosphate bridges.

Reducing the influence of direct reflection on return signal detection in a 3D imaging lidar system by rotating the polarizing beam splitter.

The direction rule of the laser beam traveling through a deflected polarizing beam splitter (PBS) cube is derived. It reveals that, due to the influence of end-face reflection of the PBS at the detector side, the emergent beam coming from the incident beam parallels the direction of the original case without rotation, with only a very small translation interval between them. The formula of the translation interval is also given.

Correlations Between Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density or Bone Metabolism.

Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the correlations of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism.

Material/methods: Relevant studies were identified using computerized and manual search strategies. The included studies were in strict accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Exceptional performance of photoelectrochemical water oxidation of single-crystal rutile TiO2 nanorods dependent on the hole trapping of modified chloride.

It is highly desired to effectively trap photogenerated holes for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation to evolve O2 on oxide semiconductors. Herein, it is found for the first time mainly based on the time-resolved- and atmosphere-controlled- surface photovoltage responses that the modified chloride would effectively trap photogenerated holes so as to prolong the charge lifetime and hence promote charge separation of single-crystal rutile TiO2 nanorods. Its strong capacity to trap holes, comparable to the widely-used methanol and Co(II) phosphate, is well responsible for the exceptional photoactivities for PEC water oxidation to evolve O2 on rutile nanorods with a proper amount of chloride modified, about 2.

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometry combined with a systematic strategy based on fragment ions for the rapid separation and characterization of components in Stellera chamaejasme extracts.

Stellera chamaejasme, a famous toxic herb, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. For decades, increasing attention in modern pharmacological studies has been drawn to S. chamaejasme because of its potential anti-tumor, anti-virus, and anti-fungus activities.

The subunit gene Ldα1 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors plays important roles in the toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam against Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ACh-gated ion channels. It is believed that nAChRs composed of different subunits may vary in their function and toxicological characteristics. Neonicotinoids are activators of nAChRs and important insecticides that are extensively used for crop protection and resistance has been developed by some pests.

Coupling of Nanocrystalline Anatase TiO₂ to Porous Nanosized LaFeO₃ for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants.

In this work we have successfully fabricated nanocrystalline anatase TiO₂/perovskite-type porous nanosized LaFeO₃ (T/P-LFO) nanocomposites using a simple wet chemical method. It is clearly demonstrated by means of atmosphere-controlled steady-state surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) responses, photoluminescence spectra, and fluorescence spectra related to the formed OH radical amount that the photogenerated charge carriers in the resultant T/P-LFO nanocomposites with a proper mole ratio percentage of TiO₂ display much higher separation in comparison to the P-LFO alone. This is highly responsible for the improved visible-light activities of T/P-LFO nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of gas-phase acetaldehyde and liquid-phase phenol.

[Relationship between expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase in pleural effusion and clinicopathological features of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and the response to crizotinib].

Objective: To explore the expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein in pleural effusion cells from patients with lung adenocarcinoma and to investigate the relationship between ALK status and the clinicopathological features, and the response to crizotinib.

Methods: Eighty-five cases were reviewed from Sept. 2013-Nov.

Aquaporin 5 Plays a Role in Estrogen-Induced Ectopic Implantation of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Endometriosis.

Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) participates in the migration of endometrial cells. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms associated with AQP5-mediated, migration of endometrial cells may contribute to a better understanding of endometriosis. Our objectives included identifying the estrogen-response element (ERE) in the promoter region of the AQP5 gene, and, investigating the effects of AQP5 on ectopic implantation of endometrial cells.

The role of affect in the positive self: Two longitudinal investigations of young adolescents in the United States and China.

This research investigated the role of American and Chinese children's affect in the valence of their views of themselves. In 2 studies (Ns = 825 and 397), children in the United States and China reported on their affect (e.g.

Double staining of bacilli and antigen Ag85B improves the accuracy of the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: A pathological examination plays an important role in the confirmation of a diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially for smear- and culture-negative cases. However, conventional Ziehl-Neelsen staining and histological tests lack sensitivity and specificity.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical staining to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Ag85B and a newly developed double staining (ZC staining) method that can simultaneously detect acid-fast bacilli and M.

MicroRNA-150 functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma by targeting IGF2BP1.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor with high morbidity in young adults and adolescents. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is involved in OS occurrence and development. miR-150 has been recently widely studied in many cancers, but not including OS.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats after intragastric administration of free gastrodin, parishin and Gastrodia elata extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gastrodia elata Blume, a traditional Chinese herb, was widely used against convulsant, vertigo, paralysis, epilepsy, tetanus, asthma and immune dysfunctions. Gastrodin is one of the major bioactive components of G. elata and it is known for its anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.

Adolescent neurodevelopment of cognitive control and risk-taking in negative family contexts.

Adolescents have an increased need to regulate their behavior as they gain access to opportunities for risky behavior; however, cognitive control systems necessary for this regulation remain relatively immature. Parents can impact their adolescent child's abilities to regulate their behavior and engagement in risk taking. Since adolescents undergo significant neural change, negative parent-child relationship quality may impede or alter development in prefrontal regions subserving cognitive control.

Modification Strategies with Inorganic Acids for Efficient Photocatalysts by Promoting the Adsorption of O2.

Efficient photocatalysis for degrading environmental organic pollutants on semiconductors requires photogenerated charge carrier separation to drive the photochemical processes. To ensure charge separation, it is indispensable to make charges captured effectively. Generally, the step for capturing the photogenerated electrons by the surface adsorbed O2 is relatively slow as compared to that for capturing holes by the surface adsorbed hydroxyl groups so that it is taken as the rate-determining step.

Characterization and Gas Sensitivity of Polyaniline/Coral-Like SnO2 Hybrid Material Prepared by In Situ Polymerization.

A PANI/coral-like mesoporous SnO2 hybrid material was fabricated using in situ polymerization method at 0-5 degrees C. The coral-like mesoporous SnO2 was synthesized by controlling the hydrolysis of SnCl4 and subsequent removal of the templates by calcination in air. The obtained PANI/coral-like mesoporous SnO2 hybrid material was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM and SEM.

Buffering effect of positive parent-child relationships on adolescent risk taking: A longitudinal neuroimaging investigation.

Adolescence is marked by a steep increase in risk-taking behavior. The serious consequences of such heightened risk taking raise the importance of identifying protective factors. Despite its dynamic change during adolescence, family relationships remain a key source of influence for teenagers.

Longitudinal Changes in Prefrontal Cortex Activation Underlie Declines in Adolescent Risk Taking.

Unlabelled: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase during which risk-taking behaviors increase across a variety of species, raising the importance of understanding how brain changes contribute to such behaviors. While the prefrontal cortex is thought to influence adolescent risk taking, the specific ways in which it functions are unclear. Using longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging in human adolescents, we found that ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation decreased during an experimental risk-taking task over time, with greater declines in VLPFC associated with greater declines in self-reported risky behavior.

Prognostic analysis of primary mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the lung: a comprehensive retrospective study.

Although primary mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the lung is uncommon, each subtype has distinct clinical, pathological, molecular, and prognostic characteristics. This study aimed to determine correlations between clinical and pathological features and genetic phenotypes with the prognosis. We immunohistochemically examined the protein levels of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), Napsin A, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and genetically examined epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS mutations in these mucin-producing tumors.

Circulating miR-145 is associated with plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease threatening human health and life with high morbidity, disability and mortality. We aimed to find effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis on stroke. Nine previously reported stroke-associated miRNAs (miR-21, miR-23a, miR-29b, miR-124, miR-145, miR-210, miR-221, miR-223 and miR-483-5p) were measured by quantitative real time-PCR, and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), the pro-inflammation markers in brain injury, were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 146 acute ischemic stroke patients and 96 healthy blood donors.

[Midterm follow-up outcomes of ticagrelor on acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet therapy of ticagrelor on patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods: In the study, 96 patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction onset within 12 h undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention from May to October in 2013 were randomly divided into ticagrelor group (n=48) and clopidogrel group (n=48) by using the method of random number table. Ticagrelor and clopidogrel antiplatelet treatment were used before and after operation.