Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into Nitrogen Chemistry: NH-Mediated H-Abstraction and HCN Addition Pathways in NH/Ethanol Combustion.

To elucidate possible mechanisms of nitrogen chemistry between ammonia (NH) and ethanol, the potential pathways of ethanol radicals (Wa, Wb, and Wc) following H-abstraction by NH radicals were primarily investigated including HCN addition, H-transfer, and dissociation reactions by quantum chemical calculations. The rate constants were solved in the master equation based on RRKM and TST theory and fitted to the Arrhenius equation. The results demonstrate that H-abstraction from CHOH by NH at the b-site is the most competitive, facilitating subsequent HCN addition.

Extracts and Pimaradienoic Acid from Eleutherococcus trifoliatus L. S. Y. Hu for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Modulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The use of Eleutherococcus trifoliatus L. S. Y.

Labdane-type diterpenoids from Hypoestes phyllostachya inhibit pancreatic cancer stem cells.

Ten previously undescribed labdane diterpenoids, hypochins A-J (1-10), were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypoestes phyllostachya with white spots. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic characterization, including IR, HRMS, NMR, electronic circular dichroism analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and biosynthetic considerations. Notably, compound 10 represents a rare labdane diterpenoid incorporating 16,15;19,6-dilactone units.

Interplay between bile acids, gut microbiota, and the tumor immune microenvironment: mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies.

The interplay between the gut microbiota, bile acid (BA) metabolism, and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a critical and rapidly advancing field in cancer immunology. Microbiota-transformed bile acids act as pivotal signaling molecules. This review systematically dissects how these BAs engage host receptors (e.

Unraveling the Reaction Mechanism of HCN Intervention on the NPAHs Formation in NH/Acenaphthylene Combustion using Theoretical Calculations.

The objective of this study is to elucidate the nitrogen chemistry mechanisms underlying the reaction between NH and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resulting in the formation of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). This study employs the acenaphthylene radical as a model system and combines G3(MP2,CC)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) theory with transition state analysis to systematically map potential energy surfaces for HCN-CH addition reactions at various sites. The MESS program was carried out to determine rate constants across temperatures of 300-2500 K and pressures ranging from 0.

Serum YKL-40 Levels as a Non-Invasive Potential Biomarker for Liver Fibrosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: This research's comprehensive review and meta-analysis seek to offer additional non-invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring liver fibrosis, thereby serving as a dependable resource for clinical practice and scientific investigation.

Methods: To find pertinent research on the use of serum YKL-40 levels in liver fibrosis patients, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Information, and the China Biology Medicine Library System were searched. The search was conducted up to May 2024.

Predicting Sleep and Sleep Stage in Children Using Actigraphy and Heartrate via a Long Short-Term Memory Deep Learning Algorithm: A Performance Evaluation.

Children's ambulatory sleep is commonly measured via actigraphy. However, traditional actigraphy measured sleep (e.g.

Higher plasma AFB1 concentration is associated with increased risk of HPV 16 and HPV 18 detection and persistence among Ugandan women.

Introduction: Aflatoxins are environmental hazards; potent carcinogenic and immunosuppressive agents that contaminates corn and other crops. A high proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma cases are caused by exposure to dietary aflatoxins. Cervical cancer is common among Ugandan women; this malignancy is caused by persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types.

The putative effector BgtE-20069a, secreted from Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, suppresses plant immunity to facilitate wheat infection.

Unlabelled: Cereal powdery mildews, which are caused by , are economically important diseases that are distributed throughout the world. To successfully evade the host defence mechanism, the wheat powdery mildew pathogen known as f. sp.

Causal impact of obesity class stratification and endometrial cancer subtypes: an integrated mendelian randomization and global burden of disease study 2021 analysis.

Background: An elevated body mass index (BMI) is recognized as a significant risk factor for uterine cancer. This is especially true for endometrial cancer, which accounts for over 90% of uterine cancer cases. However, establishing a causal relationship and accurately measuring its impact on a population scale requires comprehensive epidemiological validation.

Highly sensitive fluorescence detection of chlortetracycline and tetracycline residues in food samples based on a Zn(II) coordination polymer.

Residual Tetracycline-like analogs antibiotics, including Chlortetracycline (CTC) and Tetracycline (TC), in food pose a significant threat to public health. A 3D Zn(II) coordination polymer, designated as [Zn(L)(HO)]·2(DMF)·4HO (CP 1), was successfully synthesized via the solvothermal method, utilizing 4,4'-(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)dibenzoic acid (HL) as the organic ligand. This fluorescent material exhibits remarkable stability in maintaining its structure and fluorescence intensity across various aqueous environments and a broad pH range.

Design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo anti-drug resistant cervical cancer activity of novel licochalcone A derivatives based on dual targeting of VEGFR-2/P-gp.

Targeting the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway is considered to be an effective strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer, and multidrug resistance in cervical cancer has now been widely demonstrated to be caused by the upregulation of P-gp. This study designed and synthesized a series of novel licochalcone A derivatives using licochalcone A as the lead compound and VEGFR-2 and P-gp as the action targets. The principle of active substructure splicing was employed to design and synthesize a series of novel licochalcone A derivatives and to preliminarily evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo anti-cancer active effects of the target compounds.

Endolysosomal processing of neuron-derived signaling lipids regulates autophagy and lipid droplet degradation in astrocytes.

Dynamic regulation of metabolic activities in astrocytes is critical to meeting the demands of other brain cells. During neuronal stress, lipids are transferred from neurons to astrocytes, where they are stored in lipid droplets (LDs). However, it is not clear whether and how neuron-derived lipids trigger metabolic adaptation in astrocytes.

Tailoring the Molecular Weight of APEG-Based Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers: Mechanistic Insights into the Workability and Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash Materials.

This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) on alkali-activated circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFBFA) materials. Two PCEs-APEG-500 and APEG-2400-were synthesized using allyl polyethylene glycol ethers (APEG) with molecular weights of 500 and 2400, respectively. Their water-reducing performance and impact on the compressive strength of alkali-activated CFBFA materials were evaluated.

The association between different social network types with successful aging among community-dwelling older adults: A chain mediation model.

Objectives: This study examined the types of social networks among community-dwelling older adults and analysed their association with and pathways to successful aging.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3,197 older adults in China using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Latent class analysis identified social network types, and mediation analysis explored the pathways to successful aging.

Development of macrophage M2 relate signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Macrophages M2 is believed to support tumor growth by suppressing immune responses and promoting angiogenesis.

Methods: A macrophage M2-related signature (MRS) was developed by applying machine learning methods that included 10 algorithms and utilized data from the TCGA, GSE14764 and GSE140082 datasets.

Study on tunnel ventilation and pollutant diffusion mechanism during construction period.

Ventilation technology is an important means to ensure effective control of pollutant concentration and safe production during tunnel drilling and blasting construction. This study combines theoretical derivation, numerical simulation, and mathematical statistics to explore the extraction of flow field distribution characteristics and pollutant transport and diffusion mechanisms in tunnels. The research results indicate that the instability and turbulence effects of fluids work together to form a vortex zone near the tunnel working face.

Subsurface heatwaves in lakes.

Lake heatwaves (extreme hot water events) can substantially disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Although surface heatwaves are well studied, their vertical structures within lakes remain largely unexplored. Here we analyse the characteristics of subsurface lake heatwaves (extreme hot events occurring below the surface) using a spatiotemporal modelling framework.

Lack of HIV suppression is associated with plasma aflatoxin B1 in Kenyan women living with HIV and receiving anti-retroviral therapy.

BackgroundAflatoxins are carcinogenic and immunosuppressive compounds found in Aspergillus-contaminated corn. Kenyan women living with HIV (WLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were studied to examine associations of aflatoxin exposure and HIV immune control.MethodsSixty WLWH were enrolled; 56 completed the Month-12 visit.

Platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) as a predictive biomarker for gastrointestinal cancers: evidence from NHANES.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers, pose a significant global health burden. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools, early detection remains challenging, particularly in low-resource settings. Emerging evidence highlights the platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) as a novel biomarker integrating systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism.

The power of the left atrioventricular coupling index in cardiovascular disease.

The left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) has emerged as a novel and transformative biomarker in cardiovascular research, addressing long-standing limitations in traditional cardiac function assessments. By quantifying the ratio of left atrial to left ventricular end-diastolic volumes, LACI offers unprecedented prognostic insights into a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions such as hypertension and cardiomyopathies. Recent evidence highlights its unique ability to integrate atrial and ventricular dynamics, offering a more comprehensive perspective on cardiac health and disease progression.

Evaluation of New Wheat-Rye T1RS.1BL Translocation Lines Originating from Different Chinese Rye Landraces with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease that severely decreases the yield and quality of wheat. Planting wheat cultivars with FHB resistance is one of the most effective ways to control FHB epidemics. Introducing chromosome fragments from wheat-related species with FHB resistance into the wheat genome through chromosome translocation is an important way to improve wheat FHB resistance.

Multimorbidity patterns and premature mortality in a prospective cohort: effect modifications by socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyles.

Background: Few studies have explored the impact of multimorbidity patterns on premature mortality. This study aimed to assess the associations between multimorbidity patterns and long-term mortality and whether the associations were modified by socioeconomic status (SES) and healthy lifestyles.

Methods: Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 in the US.

Reconfigurable Phototransistor Based on the Interface Trap State of the WS/TaNiSe Heterostructure for Logic-in-Memory Operation.

In recent years, machine vision technology has experienced rapid growth, in which optoelectronic sensing plays a crucial role. With the rising demand for versatile integration of photoelectric sensors, sensors that combine sensing, storage, and computing capabilities are emerging as the next-generation paradigm for high-density, low-power visual processing. Here, with a simplified floating-gate structure based on the interface trap state of the WS/TaNiSe heterostructure, we demonstrate a self-driven logic-in-memory optoelectronic transistor with nonvolatile reconfigurable photoresponsivity by controlling the direction and magnitude of the built-in electric field, which can be used for image preprocessing, at the same time capable of achieving multifunctions such as neuromorphic computation, multicolor sensing, positive and negative light response switching, and polarization detection, highlighting the great potential for multifunctional reconfigurable vision devices.

Correcting a patient-specific Rhodopsin mutation with adenine base editor in a mouse model.

Genome editing offers a great promise to treating human genetic diseases. To assess genome-editing-mediated therapeutic effects in vivo, an animal model is indispensable. The genomic disparities between mice and humans often impede the direct clinical application of genome-editing-mediated treatments using conventional mouse models.