Genome and transcriptome analysis of Chinese wheat powdery mildew isolate 21-2 for discovery of important virulence determinants.

Wheat powdery mildew caused by f. sp (Bgt), an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, is a destructive disease world-wide, particularly severe in China. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence variation and pathogenesis of Chinese Bgt isolates remain poorly understood.

The putative effector BgtE-20069a, secreted from Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, suppresses plant immunity to facilitate wheat infection.

Unlabelled: Cereal powdery mildews, which are caused by , are economically important diseases that are distributed throughout the world. To successfully evade the host defence mechanism, the wheat powdery mildew pathogen known as f. sp.

Fine-mapping of , a broad-spectrum allele from a wheat landrace conferring both seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew.

Introduction: Common wheat is a leading global food crop that impacts food security. Wheat powdery mildew (PM), caused by f. sp.

Deletion of FgAtg27 decreases the pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum through influence autophagic process.

Autophagy is a conserved and unique degradation system in eukaryotic cells, which plays crucial roles in the growth, development and pathogenesis of Fungi. Despite that, it is poorly understood in Fusarium graminearum currently. Here, we identified an autophagy gene FgAtg27 from F.

Identification and Precise Mapping of , a Novel Recessive Powdery Mildew Resistance Allele from Wheat Landrace Heshangmai.

Common wheat ( L.) is the world's primary food crop, and ensuring its safe production is of utmost importance for global peace and human development. However, the continuous threat of fungal diseases, including Fusarium head scab, rusts, sharp eyespot, and powdery mildew (PM), poses a significant challenge to production.

A kinase fusion protein from Aegilops longissima confers resistance to wheat powdery mildew.

Many disease resistance genes have been introgressed into wheat from its wild relatives. However, reduced recombination within the introgressed segments hinders the cloning of the introgressed genes. Here, we have cloned the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13, which is introgressed into wheat from Aegilops longissima, using a method that combines physical mapping with radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and transcriptome sequencing analysis of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced loss-of-function mutants.

Wheat lesion mimic homology gene TaCAT2 enhances plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) refer to the spontaneous formation of disease-like spots on leaves without any obvious pathogen infection. The LMM genes can regulate plant immunity, thus promoting the defense of crops against pathogens. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the regulatory mechanism of LMMs in wheat.

Biocontrol Potential of Against the Wheat Powdery Mildew Fungus f. sp. .

spp. are known to be mycoparasites and inhibit phytopathogenic fungi. However, so far, little information is available on the impact of spp.

Wheat Pm55 alleles exhibit distinct interactions with an inhibitor to cause different powdery mildew resistance.

Powdery mildew poses a significant threat to wheat crops worldwide, emphasizing the need for durable disease control strategies. The wheat-Dasypyrum villosum T5AL·5 V#4 S and T5DL·5 V#4 S translocation lines carrying powdery mildew resistant gene Pm55 shows developmental-stage and tissue-specific resistance, whereas T5DL·5 V#5 S line carrying Pm5V confers resistance at all stages. Here, we clone Pm55 and Pm5V, and reveal that they are allelic and renamed as Pm55a and Pm55b, respectively.

Double roles of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 in wheat stress tolerance and photosynthesis.

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins are encoded by nucleus genes and widely involve in capturing light energy, transferring energy, and responding to various stresses. However, their roles in wheat photosynthesis and stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here, Triticum aestivumlight-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 was identified.

Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Gene Family in Wheat ().

Unknown functional domain (DUF) proteins constitute a large number of functionally uncharacterized protein families in eukaryotes. DUF724s play crucial roles in plants. However, the insight understanding of wheat is currently lacking.

Silica nanoparticles promote wheat growth by mediating hormones and sugar metabolism.

Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on plant growth and development, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of SiNPs-mediated plant growth strengthening are still unclear, especially under field condition. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field.

Orthologous genes Pm12 and Pm21 from two wild relatives of wheat show evolutionary conservation but divergent powdery mildew resistance.

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a devastating disease that threatens wheat production worldwide.

Phylogenomic analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) multigene family and their differential expression analysis in wheat ( L.) suggested their roles during different stress responses.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway and plays an important role in plant growth and stress response. It has been widely reported in plants, but less studied in wheat. In this study, 54 genes were identified in the wheat genome.

Genome-wide identification of long intergenic non-coding RNAs for resistance in tomato ().

There is growing evidences indicating that long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) play key roles in plant development and stress responses. To research tomato lincRNA functions during the interaction between tomato and s, RNA-seq data of tomato plants inoculated with was analyzed. In this study, 315 possible lincRNAs were identified from RNA-seq data.

Indole-3-Carboxylic Acid From the Endophytic Fungus LPS-1 as a Synergist Enhancing the Antagonism of Jasmonic Acid Against on Wheat.

The discovery of natural bioactive compounds from endophytes or medicinal plants against plant diseases is an attractive option for reducing the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, three compounds, indole-3-carbaldehyde, indole-3-carboxylic acid (3-ICA), and jasmonic acid (JA), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the culture filtrate of the endophytic fungus LPS-1, which was previously isolated from the medicinal plant, . Some experiments were conducted to further determine the antifungal activity of these compounds on wheat powdery mildew.

Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EA19, an Endophytic Bacterium with Biocontrol Potential Isolated from Erigeron annuus.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain EA19 is an endophyte isolated from Erigeron annuus with antifungal activity against Blumeria graminis f. sp. , Magnaporthe oryzae, and Fusarium graminearum.

Genome-wide identification of ZF-HD gene family in Triticum aestivum: Molecular evolution mechanism and function analysis.

ZF-HD family genes play important roles in plant growth and development. Studies about the whole genome analysis of ZF-HD gene family have been reported in some plant species. In this study, the whole genome identification and expression profile of the ZF-HD gene family were analyzed for the first time in wheat.

Characterization of a new gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew on chromosome 1RL of wild rye Secale sylvestre.

PmSESY, a new wheat powdery mildew resistance gene was characterized and genetically mapped to the terminal region of chromosome 1RL of wild rye Secale sylvestre. The genus Secale is an important resource for wheat improvement. The Secale species are usually considered as non-adapted hosts of Blumeria graminis f.

Characterization of Pm68, a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 2BS of Greek durum wheat TRI 1796.

New powdery mildew resistance gene Pm68 was found in the terminal region of chromosome 2BS of Greek durum wheat TRI 1796. The co-segregated molecular markers could be used for MAS. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.

Inhibitory Effect of Volatiles Emitted From N1-4 on and Aflatoxins in Storage.

Controlling aflatoxigenic and aflatoxins (AFs) in grains and food during storage is a great challenge to humans worldwide. N1-4 isolated from tea rhizosphere soil can produce abundant antifungal volatiles, and greatly inhibited the growth of in un-contacted face-to-face dual culture testing. Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed that dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and methyl isovalerate (MI) were two abundant compounds in the volatile profiles of N1-4.

Distinct domains of the AVRPM3 avirulence protein from wheat powdery mildew are involved in immune receptor recognition and putative effector function.

Recognition of the AVRPM3 avirulence protein from powdery mildew by the wheat PM3A/F immune receptor induces a hypersensitive response after co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The molecular determinants of this interaction and how they shape natural AvrPm3 allelic diversity are unknown. We sequenced the AvrPm3 gene in a worldwide collection of 272 mildew isolates.

Transcriptome Analyses Shed New Insights into Primary Metabolism and Regulation of f. sp. during Conidiation.

Conidia of the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen f. sp. () play a vital role in its survival and rapid dispersal.

Inhibitory effect of bionic fungicide 2-allylphenol on Botrytis cinerea (Pers. ex Fr.) in vitro.

Background: 2-Allylphenol is a registered fungicide in China to control fungal diseases on tomato, strawberry and apple. It is synthetic and structurally resembles the active ingredient ginkgol isolated from Ginkgo biloba L. bark.