Adipose tissue-targeted drug delivery for treating obesity: current opportunities and challenges.

Obesity has emerged as a global public health crisis in the 21st century, with its prevalence continuing to rise worldwide. Beyond its well-established links to metabolic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease), obesity correlates significantly with oncological and musculoskeletal morbidity. Researchers have discovered that converting energy-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) into energy-expending thermogenic fat through external stimuli or browning agents-a process termed 'white fat browning'-has become a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and its complications.

SGLT2 inhibitors in autoimmune diseases: emerging therapeutic potential and clinical challenges.

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks self-antigens, leading to tissue and organ damage. The exact mechanisms underlying AIDs pathogenesis remain unclear, and effective treatments are currently limited, posing significant therapeutic challenges. Recent studies suggest that targeting T cell immune metabolism could be a promising approach for treating AIDs.

Anticancer effects of zinc ion-mediated DNA demethylation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Abnormalities in trace elements and the incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been reported in China. Zinc ions (Zn) are known to regulate DNA methylation by stabilizing methylase activity. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and Zn dysregulation in ESCC cells remains unclear.

Nomogram for predicting postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery.

Objective: The incidence of pulmonary infection following major orthopedic surgery in the elderly is high, significantly affecting prognosis. Identifying high-risk factors and stratifying patient risk more effectively is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed. This study aims to develop a nomogram for predicting postoperative pulmonary infection (PPI) in elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery.

Gene Polymorphisms Play an Important Role in the Drug Interaction Between Posaconazole and Tacrolimus in Renal Transplant Patients.

Background: Posaconazole (POSA), a second-generation triazole antifungal drug, inhibits CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Here, the interaction between POSA and tacrolimus (TAC) in patients undergoing early renal transplantation was studied.

Methods: Twenty-two renal transplant recipients who received POSA as antifungal therapy were studied.

DIA-based quantitative proteomics explores the mechanism of amelioration of APAP-induced liver injury by anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.

Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common cause of acute liver injury. Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.

The diabetes medication Canagliflozin attenuates alcoholic liver disease by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation via SIRT1-AMPK-mTORC1 signaling pathway.

Background And Aims: Chronic consumption of large amounts of alcohol can lead to hepatic lipid accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Canagliflozin (Cana), an oral antidiabetic drug, regulates blood glucose by inhibiting sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 in renal tubulars, which also improves lipid metabolism and alleviates oxidative stress in hepatocyte. This study aims to determine the therapeutic effects of Cana on alcoholic liver injury and to explore the mechanistic pathways involved.

Development and experimental validation of dephosphorylation-related biomarkers to assess prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in gliomas.

Background: Gliomas are common aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis. Dephosphorylation-related biomarkers are in a void in gliomas. This study aims to construct a validated prognostic risk model for dephosphorylation, which will provide new directions for clinical treatment, prognostic assessment, and temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma patients.

The clinical features and risk factors of coagulopathy associated with cefoperazone/sulbactam: a nomogram prediction model.

Background: Cefoperazone/sulbactam (CPZ/SAM) is an important treatment option for infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. However, it is associated with an increased risk of coagulation disorders (CD) and causes severe bleeding in some instances. Early identification of risk factors and prediction of CD related to CPZ/SAM are crucial for prevention and treatment.

Gut microbiota and metabolomic profile changes play critical roles in tacrolimus-induced diabetes in rats.

Aims: Hyperglycemia is one of the adverse effects of tacrolimus (TAC), but the underlying mechanism is not fully identified. We used multi-omics analysis to evaluate the changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic profile of rats with TAC-induced diabetes.

Methods: To establish a diabetic animal model, Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups.

Nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) after orthopedic surgery in elderly patients and establish an individualized nomogram to predict the risk of POD.

Methods: The data of 1011 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors.

Does Antibiotic Use Increase the Risk of Post-Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus? A Retrospective Study of Renal Transplant Patients.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in renal transplant (RT) patients at our center and to explore new risk factors for PTDM. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included RT patients from 2010 to 2022. Clinic data on RT patients were obtained from hospital electronic medical records.

Emerging therapies: Potential roles of SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple clinical conditions and may be associated with a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) currently lacks targeted therapies, while Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), despite approved treatments, carries considerable residual risk. Metabolic dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis and prognosis of PH through various studies, with emerging metabolic agents offering a potential avenue for improving patient outcomes.

Utility of cystatin C and serum creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate equations in predicting vancomycin clearance: A population pharmacokinetics analysis in elderly Chinese patients.

Renal function is an important factor affecting the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. The renal function in elderly patients gradually decreases with age. An accurate estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential in drug dosing.

Comprehensive study of clinicopathological and immune cell infiltration and lactate dehydrogenase expression in patients with thymic epithelial tumours.

Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has emerged as a promising biomarker for cancer. However, the current understanding of LDH and circulating LDH expression in thymic epithelial tumour (TET) is lacking.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating LDH levels in patients with TET.

Method for Simulating the Anti-Damage Performance of Consolidation Soil Balls at the Roots of Seedlings during Transportation Using Consolidated Soil Columns.

In the process of landscaping or afforestation in challenging terrain, in order to improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, it is necessary to transplant seedlings with a mother soil ball attached. During transportation, the soil ball at the root of the seedlings is very susceptible to breakage due to compression, bumps, and collisions. In order to ensure the integrity of the soil ball of the transplanted seedlings and improve the survival rate of seedlings, a method of chemically enhancing the soil surface strength was employed.

Clinical features and risk factors analysis for poor outcomes of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a nomogram prediction model.

Background: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death among children aged 1-59 months. The early prediction of poor outcomes (PO) is of critical concern. This study aimed to explore the risk factors relating to PO in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) and build a PO-predictive nomogram model for children with SCAP.

Butyrate and obesity: Current research status and future prospect.

Over the past few decades, increasing prevalence of obesity caused an enormous medical, social, and economic burden. As the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide, obesity not only directly harms the human body, but also leads to many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and mental illness. Weight loss is still one of the most effective strategies against obesity and related disorders.

A profile of SGLT-2 inhibitors in hyponatremia: The evidence to date.

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in clinical practice, which may lead to life-threatening complications. Several lines of evidence suggest that hyponatremia is associated not only with significant increases in length of stay, cost, and financial burden, but also with increased morbidity and mortality. Hyponatremia is also considered to be a negative prognostic factor in patients with heart failure and cancer.

Determination of valproic acid and its six metabolites in human serum using LC-MS/MS and application to interaction with carbapenems in epileptic patients.

Valproic acid (VPA) is a classic medication for several types of epilepsy and mood disorders, and some of its effectiveness and toxicity is associated with metabolites. Although many reports have reported the drug-drug interactions of VPA, no study has focused on the influence of carbapenems (CBPMs) on VPA's active metabolites. An LC-MS/MS method for determining VPA and its six metabolites (3-hydroxy valproic acid, 4-hydroxy valproic acid, 2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid, 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid, 3-keto valproic acid, and 2-propylglutaric acid) in human serum was established and applied to evaluate the drug-drug interaction with CBPMs in epileptic patients.