Progressive gray matter reduction in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations by causal structural covariance network analysis.

Background: Schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations have distinct morphological abnormalities, but whether this population have a progressive gray matter atrophy pattern and specific transmission chain of causal effects remains unclear. This study was designed to construct a causal structural covariance network in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations.

Methods: T1-weighted MRI images were acquired from 90 schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations (pAH group) and 83 healthy controls (HC group).

Analysis of perfusion in patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia through use of multidelay arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: The mechanisms underlying stroke or cognitive impairment in patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with VBD through use of multidelay arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted and enrolled 30 patients with VBD and 30 healthy participants.

Tannic acid-derived carbon dots: Dual-function inhibitors against β-amyloid fibrosis and bacterial infections.

Alzheimer's disease is a puzzle that has been plaguing mankind for a long time, and amyloid plaque cascade and microbial infection are now widely accepted hypotheses of pathogenicity. In this work, we prepared carbon dots TACDs by solvothermal carbonization using tannic acid and o-Phenylenediamine as precursors. TACDs have abundant functional groups and large conjugated structures, and binds to Aβ42 through hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and π-π stacking to efficiently inhibit the self-assembly and mis-folding of Aβ42.

LncDARS-AS1 Regulates ATP1A1 Stability and Enhances Na/K ATPase Activity to Promote Osteosarcoma Metastasis.

Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents, exhibits aggressive pulmonary metastasis and poor prognosis. This study identifies LncDARS-AS1 as a key regulator of metastasis via modulation of ATP1A1, the catalytic subunit of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase (NKA). Transcriptomic analyses, validated by qPCR in 217 osteosarcoma RNA samples, reveal that LncDARS-AS1 is significantly upregulated in metastatic lesions and associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Small-molecule fluorescence probes for biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of aberrant proteins that obstruct brain cells and neurons. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers is very critical for effective treatment of AD. However, the current probes for early clinical diagnosis of AD are invasive and costly, susceptible to interference by biological background fluorescence, and lack sufficient penetration capabilities and challenges associated with imaging in vivo.

Trajectory of internet gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: Course, predictors, and long-term mental health outcomes.

Background And Objectives: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a growing public health concern, especially among adolescents. However, most IGD studies are cross-sectional, leaving its developmental course poorly understood. This study examined IGD trajectories, their predictors, and their long-term mental health outcomes among Chinese adolescents.

Establishment of human expanded potential stem cell lines via preimplantation embryo cultivation and somatic cell reprogramming.

We previously reported the derivation of expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) by modulating signaling pathways involved in preimplantation embryogenesis. These cells exhibit expanded developmental potential into embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, and we have shown that human EPSCs (hEPSCs) possess trophoblast differentiation potency for generating human trophoblast stem cells. Here we report protocols for deriving stable hEPSC lines directly from morula or early blastocyst stages of human preimplantation embryos (hEPSC-em) and by reprogramming human dermal fibroblasts (human induced EPSCs) using six exogenous factors, as an extension to our previous protocols on deriving porcine EPSCs from preimplantation embryos and by reprogramming somatic cells.

Impaired sleep quality mediates the relationship between internet gaming disorder and conduct problems among adolescents: a three-wave longitudinal study.

Background: Research increasingly demonstrates a positive association between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and conduct problems among adolescents. However, longitudinal data are limited, and the mediating mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the predictive effect of IGD on conduct problems and explore the mediating role of impaired sleep quality.

Functionalized carbon dots with guanidine salt ionic liquid regulate oxidative damage and amyloid aggregation.

An imbalance in the brain microenvironment, involving oxidative stress and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, is thought to be one of the primary characteristics of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). To address the intricate pathophysiology of AD, therapeutic approaches that can concurrently control several diseases in the AD microenvironment are desperately needed. This study created a guanidine salt ionic liquid functionalized carbon dots (CDs@TGM-IL) to mitigate Aβ aggregation-induced cytotoxicity and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) simultaneously.

Efficacy of toric intraocular lens implantation in individuals with cataracts and asymmetric corneal astigmatism.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in individuals with cataracts and asymmetric corneal astigmatism and to assess their postoperative visual quality.

Methods: In this prospective case series, 26 eyes of individuals with cataracts and corneal astigmatism > 0.75 diopters (D) and asymmetric central astigmatism as identified through corneal topography were examined at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.

Relationship between parental smoking and adolescent smoking: gender differences and mediation of resilience.

Background: Though the relationship between parental smoking and adolescent smoking has been established, gender differences, and mediation of resilience in this relationship are poorly understood. This research aims to investigate the prevalence of adolescent smoking, and to understand how consequences may differ for boys and girls, as well as to explore what role resilience played in this relationship.

Methods: Through the school-based cross-sectional survey, a total of 65,898 adolescents were involved in this study, and information were collected by self-reported questionnaire.

Real-world study of phakic refractive lens for correction of high myopia.

Background: To assess the safety and efficacy of phakic refractive lens (PRL) implantation for correcting high myopia, as well as an ophthalmic viscosurgical device-free (OVD-free) method for PRL implantation.

Methods: In this real-world prospective study, consecutive patients implanted with PRL in one or both eyes were enrolled. Based on the surgical techniques used, the eyes were divided into the OVD-free method group and the conventional method group.

FoxO1 promotes high glucose-induced inflammation and cataract formation via JAK1/STAT1.

Purpose: To investigate whether in diabetic cataract (DC), FoxO1 regulates high glucose (HG)-induced activation of NLRC4/IL-6 inflammatory mediators in human lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04) via the JAK1/STAT1 pathway, leading to cataract formation.

Methods: Expression levels of FoxO1, inflammatory factor IL-6 and inflammatory vesicle NLRC4 were examined in SRA01/04 under high glucose (HG) stress at 25-150 mM. Rat lenses were also cultured using HG medium with or without the addition of the FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 and the JAK1 agonist RO8191.

Deciphering chondrocyte diversity in diabetic osteoarthritis through single-cell transcriptomics.

The pathophysiological distinctions between osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetic osteoarthritis (DOA) are critical yet not well delineated. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to clarify the unique cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the progression of both conditions. We identified a novel subpopulation of chondrocytes in DOA, termed 'Heat Shock' chondrocytes, marked by the expression of distinct molecular markers including HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPB1, and HSPA8.

A π-hole bond functionalized magnetic nanosorbent for the solid phase extraction of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples.

A new type of sorbent functionalized with π-hole bond, perfluoronaphthyl bonded magnetic nanosorbent (FeO@SiO-CF), was designed and synthesized. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the sorbent were characterized. The results of a comparative experiment with naphthyl bonded magnetic nanosorbent (FeO@SiO-CH) revealed that the π-hole bonds between perfluoronaphthyl and PAHs improved adsorbilities for PAHs in water compared to the traditional π-π interactions between naphthyl and PAHs.

Correction: Application of carbon-based nanomaterials in Alzheimer's disease.

Correction for 'Application of carbon-based nanomaterials in Alzheimer's disease' by Mengyao Bai , , 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MH01256A.

Photocatalytic, photothermal, and blood-brain barrier-permeable carbon nanodots: A potent multifunctional scavenger for β-amyloid plaque.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with amyloid production and buildup in the brain, leading to neurodegeneration. In this study, we used a solvent-thermal technique to produce light-sensitive carbon nanodots (L-CNDs). L-CNDs exhibit outstanding photocatalytic properties, producing singlet oxygen (O) under 630 nm irradiation.

Application of carbon-based nanomaterials in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by permanent impairment of brain function across the whole brain. This condition results in a progressive deterioration of cognitive function in patients and is frequently associated with psychological symptoms such as agitation and anxiety, imposing a significant burden on both patients and their families. Nanomaterials possess numerous distinctive physical and chemical features that render them extensively utilized.

Intra-individual structural covariance network in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations.

Neuroimaging studies have revealed that the mechanisms of auditory hallucinations are related to morphological changes in multiple cortical regions, but studies on brain network properties are lacking. This study aims to construct intra-individual structural covariance networks and reveal network changes related to auditory hallucinations. T1-weighted MRI images were acquired from 90 schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory hallucinations (pAH group), 55 schizophrenia patients without auditory hallucinations (non-pAH group), and 83 healthy controls (HC group).

Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing Reveals a MET+ Oligodendrocyte Subpopulation That Promotes Proliferation of Radiation-Induced Gliomas.

Purpose: Radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs) are fatal late complications of radiation therapy, with a median survival time of 6 to 11 months. RIGs demonstrate a unique molecular landscape and may originate from a glial lineage distinct from that of primary malignancies or diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs). This study aimed to explore the intratumoral diversity within RIGs to uncover their cellular origin and characteristics and enhance our understanding of this uncommon tumor type.

Controlled preparation of tannic acid-derived carbonized dots and their use to inhibit amyloid aggregation and promote aggregate disaggregation.

Tannic acid (TA)-derived carbon dots (TACDs) were synthesized for the first time via a solvothermal method using TA as one of the raw materials, which may effectively inhibit amyloid fibril aggregation and disaggregate mature fibril. The fluorescent property of TACDs were modulated by adjusting the ratio of TA to o-phenylenediamine (oPD), and TACDs fabricated with the precursor ratio as 1:1 showed the best fluorescent property. Circular dichroism spectra (CD) showed that the structure of β-sheet decreased as the concentration of TACDs increased.

Multiexcitation Peaks and Multicolor Emission Nanoassemblies for Transmembrane Cell Imaging and Photoresponsivity Antibacterial.

Nanomaterials with photoresponsivity have garnered attention due to their fluorescence imaging, photodynamic, and photothermal therapeutic properties. In this study, a photoresponsivity nanoassembly was developed by using photosensitizers and carbon dots (CDs). Due to their multiple excitation peaks and multicolor fluorescence emission, especially their membrane-permeating properties, these nanoassemblies can label cells with multiple colors and track cell imaging in real time.