Competitive Chirality Induction in Two-dimensional Germanium Iodide Perovskites Enabling Highly Anisotropic Nonlinear Optical Response.

Chiral metal halide perovskites (CMHPs) are a promising class of chiroptical materials with significant potential applications in chiral-optoelectronic and chiral-spintronic devices. However, their chirality induction generally stems from the incorporation of chiral ligands, which constitutes compositional diversity and functional versatility. Herein, we report a significant chiral expression resulting from two distinct mechanisms: chirality transfer induced by chiral organic cations and mirror symmetry breaking driven by stereochemically active lone pairs, both contributing to controlled chirality induction.

Cation Engineering Enhanced Moisture Resistance in Centimeter-Sized Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Crystal for Ultrastable X-Ray Detection.

Halide perovskites, particularly those that are lead-free, have garnered significant attention owing to their eco-friendly nature and exceptional performance in X-ray detection. Nevertheless, despite their promising potential, halide perovskites suffer from structural instability in moist environments, which reduces device reliability. Herein, a cation engineering strategy involving the substitution of N-acidic protons with methyl groups of aniline is employed to synthesize a moisture-resistant lead-free halide perovskite (NDMA)BiI (NDMA = N,N-dimethylanilinium).

Mechanochemical degradation of UV-328 by solid oxidative reagents: Peroxydisulfate vs. peroxymonosulfate.

Peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are crucial oxidative additives for mechanochemical (MC) treatment of persistent organic pollutants and contaminated soils. However, their differences between solid-phase mechanisms remain unclear. This study found that both PDS and PMS achieved comparable 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-methyl-2-butanyl)phenol (UV-328) degradation (91.

Anomalous Photovoltaic Effect in a Chiral Alternating-Cation Intercalation-Type Perovskite for Efficient Self-Driven X-Ray Detection.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) exhibiting intrinsic anomalous photovoltaic (APV) effects have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. However, the ionizing radiation-induced APV effect, a promising mechanism for self-powered X-ray detection, remains underexplored in OIHPs. Here, this study reports for the first time the radiation-induced APV in 2D OIHPs for efficient self-driven X-ray detection.

Crucial role of the Pht1;4 Gene in Sb(V) tolerance and uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana.

There has been increasing awareness of the risks of antimony (Sb) in the environment, but the process of Sb(V) absorption by plants and its effects on plants remain unclear. This study focused on four independent T-DNA insertion mutant strains of Arabidopsis thaliana and wild-type (WT) plants to investigate their tolerance, uptake, and response to Sb(V). Compared with those of the WT, the Pht1;4 knockout mutant M-P4 presented greater tolerance to Sb(V) and lower absorption levels.

Seasonal dynamics, sources, and ecological risk of estrogens in a freeze-thaw basin: Implications for aquatic ecosystems.

Estrogens have attracted extensive attention because of their harmful effects on organisms such as endocrine disturbance and reproductive toxicity. This study investigated the spatial and temporal distribution and ecological risk assessment of 7 targeted estrogens in surface water in a seasonal freeze-thaw basin. It mainly includes three natural estrogens, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3), two synthetic estrogens, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES), and two phenolic environmental estrogens, bisphenol-A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP).

Psychometric Properties of the Flourish Index and the Secure Flourish Index in Healthcare Settings.

Research on the construct of flourishing spans many fields of study. This study extends previous work by VanderWeele by investigating the measurement of flourishing, focusing on the structure and convergent validity of the Flourish Index (FI) and the Secure Flourish Index (SFI) within a national, multi-site sample of resident physicians. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFAs and CFAs), we assessed whether the FI and the SFI aligned with the theoretical flourishing models that VanderWeele suggested.

Two-Dimensional Layered Germanium Iodide Perovskite Ferroelectric Semiconductors.

The discovery of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors has opened a new and exciting chapter in next-generation electronics and spintronics due to their lattice-dimensionality-induced unique behaviors and fascinating functionalities brought by spontaneous polarization. The emerging layered halide perovskites with 2D lattices provide a great platform for generating reduced symmetry and low-dimensional ferroelectricity. Herein, inspired by the approach of reduced lattice dimensionality, a series of 2D layered germanium iodide perovskite ferroelectric semiconductors ACsGeI [where A=PA (propylammonium), BA (butylammonium) and AA (amylammonium)] was firstly developed, which demonstrates remarkable semiconducting features including narrow direct band gap (~1.

Self-Powered Filterless Narrowband UV Photodetection Triggered by Asymmetric Charge Carrier Generation in a Wide-Bandgap Halide Perovskite Ferroelectric.

Narrowband photodetection with selective light detection in ultraviolet (UV) range is particularly pronounced in specialized applications such as targeted wavelength imaging and UV-phototherapy. In contrast to conventional strategies, ferroelectric materials with pronounced bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) provide a novel asymmetric carrier generation concept for achieving filterless spectrally selective photodetection. Herein, for the first time, the realization of self-powered filterless narrowband UV photodetection is demonstrated in bulk single crystals of a newly developed halide perovskite ferroelectric, 2FEAEAPbCl (2FEEPC), which exhibits a wide bandgap of 3.

Environmental fates of thiophosphate and triazole fungicides in a paddy-dominated basin.

Under the widespread use backgrounds of fungicides in paddy-dominated basin, the neglect of fungicide environmental fates may aggravate their pollution risks. By integrating field detection with model simulation, we quantified the loss loads and explored the environmental fates of one thiophosphate and five triazole fungicides. Based on the experimental results, we simulated fungicide loss loads with the coefficient of determination of the verification results greater than 0.

Uptake, accumulation and gene response of Sb(Ⅴ) in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic pollutant, with Sb(V) being one of its main forms in the environment, but the process and mechanism of plant uptake of Sb(V) remain unclear. To investigate the process of Sb(V) uptake by plants, Arabidopsis thaliana plants were exposed to water culture media supplemented with different Sb(V) concentrations. The distribution, content, and forms of Sb(V) in Arabidopsis roots, and the accumulation and fixation of Sb(V) in Arabidopsis plants were studied.

Self-Powered Broadband Photodetection Ranging from X-ray to UV-Vis Light in a Polar Perovskite Induced by Bulk Photovoltaic Effect.

Self-powered broadband photodetection has evoked increased interest in next-generation photoelectronic devices. However, realizing self-powered broadband photodetection in a single material is still a challenge because of the harsh requirements, including powerful built-in field, excellent charge transport behaviors, as well as the broad absorption. Herein, we first realize broadband photodetection in the range from X-ray to UV-vis light in a polar two-dimensional perovskite (2-FBA)MAPbI (2-FBA = 2-fluorobenzylamine, MA = methylamine) by incorporating an aromatic spacer into a three-dimensional prototype.

Developing water quality and land use surrogates to predict endocrine-disrupting chemical profiles in a highly urbanized river basin.

This study investigated geospatial distributions of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the waters of the Dongjiang River and their associations with anthropogenic activities. Fifteen EDCs, with total concentrations in the river water of 149-2525 ng/L were detected, with bisphenol-A, 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and methylparaben being the five predominant EDCs. The total estrogen concentration was high downstream and significantly correlated with the spatial distribution of urban land use, wastewater discharge, population, and gross domestic product, indicating human activities have increased estrogen levels and threatened ecological health.

Visible-Photo-Assisted Phase Switching of Antiferroelectric-to-Ferroelectric Orders in an I -Intercalated 2D Perovskite.

Antiferroelectric (AFE) has emerged as a promising branch of electroactive materials, due to intriguing physical attributes stemming from the electric field-induced antipolar-to-polar phase transformation. However, the requirement of extremely high electric field strength to switch adjacent sublattice polarization poses great challenges for exploiting new molecular AFE system. Although photoirradiation is striking as a noncontact and nondestructive manipulation tool to optimize physical properties, optical control of antiferroelectricity still remains unexplored.

Unveiling the Influence of Antimony Substitution on the Surface Properties and Adsorption Behavior of Ferrihydrite: From Molecular Mechanisms to Environmental Implications.

Antimony(V) substitution is common in secondary ferrihydrite, especially in mining areas and tailings. However, its impact on the adsorption behavior of ferrihydrite is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the influential mechanisms of Sb(V) substitution on the lattice structure and surface properties of Sb-substituted ferrihydrite (SbFh), and its adsorption of coexisting Sb(OH).

Antimony trioxide nanoparticles promote ferroptosis in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) by disrupting iron homeostasis.

The widespread use of antimony trioxide (ATO) and ATO nanoparticles (nATO) has led to increasing ecological and health risks. However, there is relatively insufficient research on the aquatic ecotoxicology of nATO. This study revealed that nATO affects the development of zebrafish embryos and mainly induces ferroptosis through the dissolution of Sb(III).

Pyro-Phototronic Effect Induced Circularly Polarized Light Detection with a Broadband Response.

Photopyroelectric-based circularly polarized light (CPL) detection, coupling the pyro-phototronic effect and chiroptical phenomena, has provided a promising platform for high-performance CPL detectors. However, as a novel detection strategy, photopyroelectric-based CPL detection is currently restricted by the short-wave optical response, underscoring the urgent need to extend its response range. Herein, visible-to-near-infrared CPL detection induced by the pyro-phototronic effect is first realized in chiral-polar perovskites.

A Multi-Wave Study of Factors Associated With Resident Engagement, Depression, Burnout, and Stay Intent.

Background: Many studies have documented the epidemic of mental ill-being among resident physicians, but fewer have focused on mental well-being or on guiding intervention design to make progress toward positive change in residency programs to support resident thriving. Informed by the job demands-resources model (JD-R) and positive psychology, the current study examines 4 potential predictors of residents' ill-being (burnout, depression) and well-being (engagement, stay intent) that are malleable and thus capable of change through intervention: psychological capital (PsyCap), supervising physicians' autonomy-supportive leadership style (ASL), social support, and meaningful work.

Methods: Three waves of data were collected between November 2017 and September 2018 at a large hospital system in the United States.

Toxicity and related molecular mechanisms of Sb(III) in the embryos and larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Antimony (Sb) pollution poses a severe threat to humans and ecosystems due to the extensive use of Sb in various fields. However, little is known about the toxic effects of Sb and its aquatic ecotoxicological mechanism. This study aimed to reveal the toxicity and related molecular mechanisms of trivalent Sb (Sb(III)) in zebrafish embryos/larvae.

Roles of soil minerals in the degradation of chlorpyrifos and its intermediate by microwave activated peroxymonosulfate.

Soil mineral is one of the important factors that affecting oxidant decomposition and pollutants degradation in soil remediation. In this study, the effects of iron minerals, manganese minerals and clay minerals on the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its intermediate product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) by microwave (MW) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated. As a result, the addition of minerals had slight inhibitory effect on the degradation efficiency of CPF by MW/PMS, but the degradation efficiency of TCP was improved by the addition of some specific minerals, including ferrihydrite, birnessite, and random symbiotic mineral of pyrolusite and ramsdellite (Pyr-Ram).

Mechanochemical remediation of contaminated soil: A review.

Mechanochemical techniques have been garnering growing attention in remediation of contaminated soil. This paper summarizes the performance, mechanism, influential factors, and environmental impacts of mechanochemical remediation (MCR) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contaminated soil and heavy metal(loid) s (HMs) contaminated soil. Firstly, in contrast to other technologies, MCR can achieve desirable treatment of POPs, HMs, and co-contaminated soil, especially with high-concentration pollutants.

Eco-hydrological processes regulate lake riparian soil organic matter under dryness stress.

As transitional zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, the soil properties of riparian zones are deeply influenced by the eco-hydrological conditions of lakes. However, with the increasing frequent drought events caused by climate change, the response of riparian soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics to the eco-hydrological process of lakes under dryness stress is unclear. In this study, we utilized the field research, indoor experiments, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry model and data analysis to identify whether riparian SOM and enzyme activity were affected by dryness stress and determine the feedback relationship between soil biochemical properties and lake eco-hydrological processes.

Novel Insights into Sb(III) Oxidation and Immobilization during Ferrous Iron Oxygenation: The Overlooked Roles of Singlet Oxygen and Fe (oxyhydr)oxides Formation.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from the oxygenation of reactive Fe(II) species significantly affect the transformation of metalloids such as Sb at anoxic-oxic redox interfaces. However, the main ROS involved in Sb(III) oxidation and Fe (oxyhydr)oxides formation during co-oxidation of Sb(III) and Fe(II) are still poorly understood. Herein, this study comprehensively investigated the Sb(III) oxidation and immobilization process and mechanism during Fe(II) oxygenation.

Anthropogenic activities drive the distribution and ecological risk of antibiotics in a highly urbanized river basin.

Although antibiotics are widely detected in river water, their quantitative relationships with influencing factors in rivers remain largely unexplored. Here, 15 widely used antibiotics were comprehensively analyzed in the Dongjiang River of the Pearl River system. The total antibiotic concentration in river water ranged from 13.

Directed Assembly of Ordered Mixed-Spacer Quasi-2D Halide Perovskites through Homomeric Chains of Intermolecular Bonds.

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites (HPs) are of significant interest to researchers because of their natural structural frameworks and intriguing optoelectronic properties. However, the direct fabrication of ordered mixed-spacer quasi-2D HPs remains challenging. Herein, a synthetic strategy inspired by the principle of supramolecular synthons is employed for the self-assembly of a series of ordered mixed-spacer bilayered HPs.