Antibiotics Sources, Concentrations, and Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance Selection in the Three Gorges Reservoir Basin, China.

The widespread use of antibiotics in humans and animals raises significant environmental concerns. However, few approaches can simultaneously quantify their transfer from humans and animals and track their fate in soils and rivers. In this study, we developed the MARINA-Antibiotics model (Model to Assess River Inputs of pollutaNts to seAs for Antibiotics) to quantify the sources and concentrations of 30 widely used antibiotics, as well as assess their associated environmental risks, and implemented this model in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2020.

Research progress of contact-electro-catalysis in the remediation of emerging pollutants: exploration from mechanism to application.

Contact-electro-catalysis (CEC) technology, recognized as an innovative catalytic approach, has attracted significant interest due to its unique reaction mechanisms and broad application potential in environmental pollution control. This technology enables efficient degradation of diverse organic pollutants, including antibiotics, dyes, and perfluorinated compounds, by converting mechanical energy into chemical energy and facilitating electron transfer at solid-liquid or liquid-liquid interfaces. Its attributes of simplicity, low energy consumption, and high efficiency underscore its promise for pollution management.

Root-driven phosphorus mobilization in Chinese cabbage: Rhizosphere adaptations and impacts on soil phosphorus dynamics.

Improving the capacity of vegetable roots to phosphorus (P) uptake is crucial to ensure high yield and P utilization efficiency. However, it remains unclear how the changes in roots and rhizosphere characteristics under varying P fertilizer application affect soil P transformation and uptake by roots. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years with five different P application rates (0, 33, 65, 131, and 393 kg P ha) to explore strategies for improving P uptake in Chinese cabbage.

Functional mechanisms of circular RNA‑encoded peptides and future research strategies and directions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Review).

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy closely associated with Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although patients with early‑stage NPC can achieve a high cure rate through radiotherapy, recurrence and distant metastasis remain the primary causes of treatment failure in patients with advanced‑stage NPC. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of covalently closed non‑coding RNAs involved in multiple aspects of tumor biology.

Low ammonium and high nitrate input improves nitrogen use efficiency and growth in sugarcane through coordinated reprogramming of nitrogen and carbon metabolism.

Providing plants with adequate nitrogen (N) through an appropriate ammonium-to-nitrate-ratio (NH/NO-ratio) can enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and promote growth. However, how different NH/NO-ratios affect N and carbon (C) metabolic processes and growth in sugarcane, a fast-growing high-biomass crop, remain unclear. Here, a hydroponic experiment was conducted using sugarcane variety 'Yunzhe05-51', applying seven NH/NO-ratios under a constant total N supply level of 10 mmol·L.

The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and its function in anti-infection immunity of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

As an intracellular sensor, NLRP3 can recognize a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Upon activation, it assembles with the adaptor protein ASC and the effector molecule pro-Caspase-1 to form inflammasome complex, which is closely associated with various infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, the NLRP3 inflammasome has only been identified in a few teleost species, and its activation mechanism remains unclear.

Extreme wave and storm surge characteristics in the southeastern coastal and offshore regions of China.

A numerical model is established based on the FVCOM-SWAVE wave-current coupling model to investigate the typhoon-induced wave and storm surge level in the southeastern coastal and offshore regions of China. A hindcast of 192 typhoons from 1979 to 2023 is conducted, providing insights into the distribution of significant wave height and storm surge level. The disaster zone maps are derived from the annual extreme significant wave height and storm surge level.

Histone deacetylase 4 in limb mesenchyme is essential for chondrocyte proliferation, growth plate maintenance and proper bone formation.

Background: Dysregulation of well-ordered chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation leads to distorted architecture of the growth plate, resulting in skeletal dysplasia with impaired longitudinal bone growth. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is essential for chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone formation, but its role in postnatal bone development remains unexplored due to early lethality in Hdac4-ablated mice. Furthermore, a direct in vivo effect of Hdac4 on mesenchymal cell specification and bone development has not been investigated.

Ciprofloxacin-driven purifying selection on viral genomes accelerates soil NO production.

Viruses are ubiquitous regulators of microbial dynamics and may thus greatly influence global microbial-driven greenhouse gas emissions. Anthropogenic stressors, such as chemical contamination, are likely to amplify these viral contributions; however, their global significance and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Utilizing N tracing, metagenomics, and laboratory assays, we explore soil viral communities and their evolutionary potential under the stress from antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP), focusing on their roles in regulating nitrogen cycling and NO production.

Comparative Phosphorylation Dynamics of Whey Proteins in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk: Implications for Infant Nutrition.

Phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that affects protein function and biological processes. In this study, label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics was employed to systematically identify the phosphorylated proteins and their phosphorylation sites in human colostrum (HC) and mature milk (HM) whey. In human colostrum, 30 phosphorylation sites on 24 phosphoproteins were identified, whereas in mature milk, 9 phosphorylation sites on 8 phosphoproteins were detected.

Single-cell dynamic RNA and glycosylation sequencing reveals the mechanism underlying the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into hematopoietic stem cells.

Studying the mechanism of hematopoietic stem cells' generation from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro can be useful for understanding embryonic hematopoiesis, as well as for the application of related cell therapy. This study aimed to delineate the process of the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into hematopoietic stem cells' models and provide a theoretical basis and clinical value for the production of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. We analyzed the differentiation model by single-cell dynamic transcriptome and glycosylation sequencing, which was divided into three differentiation stages based on the new-to-total RNA ratio and glycosylation level.

Biglycan promotes proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer.

Objective: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a significant threat to the health of women. Biglycan (BGN) plays a crucial role in the oncogenesis and progression of various human cancers. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of BGN in OC.

Xanthocillin X combats Burkholderia pseudomallei by targeting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase.

Drug-resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) and the limited ability of antibiotics to eradicate biofilms underscore the urgent need for alternative therapeutic options. New drugs which suppress the biofilm formation without emergence of antimicrobial resistance have clearly attracted global attention.

F-box only protein 10 protects against kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting ACSL4-mediated lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.

Renal tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis is significantly linked to kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a critical pathological condition in chronic kidney disease. F-box only protein 10 (FBXO10), a newly identified ferroptosis-regulating gene, plays a role in various pathological contexts; however, its involvement in kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis is not yet fully understood. This research sought to investigate whether FBXO10 regulates ferroptosis in kidney tubular epithelial cells and its relationship with kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis in both animal and cellular models.

Enhancing medical text classification with GAN-based data augmentation and multi-task learning in BERT.

With the rapid advancement of medical informatics, the accumulation of electronic medical records and clinical diagnostic data provides unprecedented opportunities for intelligent medical text classification. However, challenges such as class imbalance, semantic heterogeneity, and data sparsity limit the effectiveness of traditional classification models. In this study, we propose an enhanced medical text classification framework by integrating a self-attentive adversarial augmentation network (SAAN) for data augmentation and a disease-aware multi-task BERT (DMT-BERT) strategy.

Covalent binding of 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid (TOFA) and c(RGDfK) and its co-delivery with Lipusu, a novel synergistic strategy to inhibit the proliferation of nasopharyngeal cancer.

As the world's only commercially available paclitaxel liposome, Lipusu (Lip) has been clinically used in chemotherapy for >20 years, but the design concept of Lip remains largely unchanged since its initial development. Based on the study of Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we proposed the concept of next-generation liposomes (NGL) utilizing lipid demand balance. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of ACC1 and integrin αβ as NPC targets, and designed 10 conjugates of 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid (TOFA) and c(RGDfK) that can bind to Lip.

Soil organic carbon thresholds control fertilizer effects on carbon accrual in croplands worldwide.

Initiatives to restore soil fertility and mitigate global warming rely on rebuilding soil organic carbon (SOC). Nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for crop yields but affects SOC unpredictably due to varying responses of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools to initial SOC levels. To clarify these effects, here, by combining a global meta-analysis with continental-scale field experiments, we determine that an initial SOC threshold of 15 g C kg controls the effect of N fertilization on POC and MAOC.

Mitigating life-cycle multiple environmental burdens while increasing ecosystem economic benefit and crop productivity with regional universal nitrogen strategy.

Introduction: Nitrogen fertiliser is critical for increasing crop yields worldwide, but excessive use causes significant N losses in various forms and subsequent environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Establishing regional universal nitrogen strategy (RUNs) is indispensable for technology adoption, resource conservation, and pollution mitigation in crop production.

Objectives: This study aims to develop a regional universal nitrogen fertilizer strategy to address variations in N application effectiveness, balancing agricultural productivity with environmental and eco-economic benefits.

Key roles of milk-derived extracellular vesicles in intestinal tract, with special emphasis on microRNAs in extracellular vesicles.

Studies have indicated that milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are resistant to both the enzymatic activity of digestive enzymes and the acidic conditions common in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the intestinal tract efficiently absorbs and uses these EVs. There is mounting evidence in recent years that microRNAs (miRNAs) found in EVs derived from milk are essential for the intestinal prebiotic effect through target gene regulation.

Zanamivir alleviates ethanol intoxication through activating catalase.

Objectives: Acute alcohol intoxication is characterized as high morbidity and mortality. To explore new chemicals to relieve ethanol intoxication, we tried to explore the activators of catalase (CAT), an enzyme responsible for oxidization of ethanol into acetaldehyde to accelerate ethanol removal.

Methods: We identified zanamivir, an antiviral agent, activated CAT in vitro after screening of clinical chemicals.

Efficient and accurate identification of maize rust disease using deep learning model.

Common corn rust and southern corn rust, two typical maize diseases during growth stages, require accurate differentiation to understand their occurrence patterns and pathogenic risks. To address this, a specialized Maize-Rust model integrating a SimAM module in the YOLOv8s backbone and a BiFPN for scale fusion, along with a DWConv for streamlined detection, was developed. The model achieved an accuracy of 94.

Decoupling the effects of climate, topography, land use, revegetation, and dam construction on streamflow, sediment, total nitrogen and phosphorus in the Yangtze River Basin.

Evaluating changes in streamflow, sediment, and nutrient fluxes, as well as quantifying their influencing factors, is crucial for regional water resource protection. While the relationships between major influencing factors and these indicators have been widely studied, the quantitative contributions of the separate and interactive effects of these influencing factors have not been fully explored. This study quantitatively evaluated the changing characteristics of streamflow, sediment discharge, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), as well as the separate and interactive effects of various major influencing factors such as-rainfall, temperature, evapotranspiration (ET), revegetation, dam construction, and land use change-by applying the GeoDetector method to account for their spatial heterogeneity and contributions.

NEK7 is an essential regulator in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

The NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7), a member of the Never in Mitosis Gene A (NIMA) kinase family, participates in the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mammalian. However, it is currently unclear that the functions of NEK7 in the activation and assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome in teleost. In this research, the cDNA sequence of NEK7 of common carp (CcNEK7) was cloned and its role in the assembly of CcNLRP3 inflammasome was investigated.

Estrogen and Cyp1b1 Regulate Pparγ in Pulmonary Hypertension Through a Ubiquitin-Dependent Mechanism.

Female sex increases risk of Group I pulmonary arterial hypertension by roughly threefold, but the mechanism is unclear. Low expression of Cyp1b1, an enzyme that metabolizes estrogens, is associated with disease penetrance, particularly in women. We previously found that lower Pparγ levels in murine PAH models, which may drive disease, are rescued by estrogen blockade.