Deep learning approach for screening neonatal cerebral lesions on ultrasound in China.

Timely and accurate diagnosis of severe neonatal cerebral lesions is critical for preventing long-term neurological damage and addressing life-threatening conditions. Cranial ultrasound is the primary screening tool, but the process is time-consuming and reliant on operator's proficiency. In this study, a deep-learning powered neonatal cerebral lesions screening system capable of automatically extracting standard views from cranial ultrasound videos and identifying cases with severe cerebral lesions is developed based on 8,757 neonatal cranial ultrasound images.

Multifunctional Biguanide Additive Stabilizes Chloride-Rich Quasi-2D Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Pure-Blue LEDs.

Quasi-2D perovskites are emerging as promising materials for light-emitting applications due to their pronounced quantum confinement effects. Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) remain fundamentally challenging yet critically demanded for display applications. Current strategies employing quasi-2D perovskites face inherent trade-offs: 1) increased spacer cation content enhances quantum confinement for blueshift but deteriorates charge transport through insulating organic layers; 2) multiphase quantum well formation broadens emission spectra (fwhm >25 nm), compromising color purity; 3) chloride incorporation for bandgap widening induces deep-level traps and accelerates halide segregation under operational voltage.

Predicting the spatial pattern of land use change and carbon storage in Xinjiang: A Markov-FLUS-InVEST model approach.

Land-use changes significantly influence carbon storage capacity by altering the structure, layout, and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Predicting the relationship between future land-use changes and carbon storage is essential for optimizing land-use patterns and making rational, ecology-based decisions. Using multi-period land-use data from Xinjiang, we analyzed the spatial pattern of carbon storage.

Spacer Cation Engineering Enables Blue Quasi-2D Perovskites to Achieve Highly Efficient and Spectrally Stable Electroluminescence.

The combination of organic spacer cations and mixed-halides to produce multiphase quasi-2D perovskites is a promising strategy for fabricating blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, insufficient energy transfer, trap-assisted recombination and exciton-phonon coupling lead to significant non-radiative losses. Here, a co-spacer engineering strategy of binding guanidinium (GA) and ortho-fluorophenylethylamium (oF-PEA) through hydrogen bonds is proposed to prepare blue mixed-halide quasi-2D perovskite films with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs).

S2-Reaction- Bonding-Heterointerface Strengthens Buried Adhesion and Orientation for Advanced Perovskite Solar Cells.

Traditionally weak buried interaction without customized chemical bonding always goes against the formation of high--quality perovskite film that highly determines the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, herein, we propose a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (S2) driving strategy to idealize the robust buried interface by simultaneously decorating underlying substrate and functionalizing [PbX] octahedral framework with iodoacetamide and thiol molecules, respectively. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that a strong S2 reaction between exposed halogen and thiol group in two molecules occurs, which not only benefits the reinforcement of buried adhesion, but also triggers target-point-oriented crystallization, synergistically upgrading the upper perovskite film quality and accelerating interfacial charge extraction-transfer behavior.

Idealizing Air-Processed Perovskite Film Competitive by Surface Lattice Etching-Reconstruction for High-Efficiency Solar Cells.

Air-processed perovskite solar cells are desirable for the large-scale manufacturing application in the future, yet the presence of moisture and oxygen goes against perovskite crystallization and deteriorates phase stabilization, leading to the formation of substantial defective nano-impurities, especially on the vulnerable surface. Here, we propose a strategy to simultaneously remove superficial defect layer and solidify the surface by soaking air-fabricated perovskite film into low-polar organic esters at elevated temperature to trigger an in situ dynamic surface lattice disassemble and reconstruction process. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental results indicate that the inorganic CsPbIBr perovskite is first dissolved and then the Br-rich phase is recrystallized at solid-liquid interface owing to the balance between weak solubility and high-temperature induced annealing process, thus hardening the soft surface and releasing the lattice tensile stress, which benefits the minimization of interfacial recombination and improvement of the structural stability.

A patient with 18p11.32-p11.21 deletion have monaural deafness caused by an inadequate haplodose of THOC1: A case report.

Background: THOC1 mutation causes Deafness, autosomal dominant 86 [OMIM: 620280]. However, it has not been reported whether deletion of the THOC1 gene causes deafness.

Methods: Here, we report a 1-year-old girl with clinical features including Hypotonia, unilateral deafness in the right ear, and widening of lateral ventricles in 6 months.

Influence of Donor Skeleton on Intramolecular Electron Transfer Amount for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

The passivation of the defects derived from rapid-crystallization with electron-donating molecules is always a prerequisite to obtain desirable perovskite films for efficient and stable solar cells, thus, the in-depth understanding on the correlations between molecular structure and passivation capacity is of great importance for screening passivators. Here, we introduce the double-ended amide molecule into perovskite precursor solution to modulate crystallization process and passivate defects. By regulating the intermediate bridging skeletons with alkyl, alkenyl and benzene groups, the results show the passivation strength highly depends on the spin-state electronic structure that serves as an intrinsic descriptor to determine the intramolecular charge distribution by controlling orbital electron transfer from the donor segment to acceptor segment.

Strain engineering improves the photovoltaic performance of carbon-based hole-transport-material free CsPbIBr perovskite solar cells.

Alkylamines with different chain lengths including -butylamine, -hexylamine, and -octylamine, are applied to regulate the CsPbIBr perovskite film quality by strain engineering. The status of residual strains is controllably modulated, resulting in improved efficiency and stability of carbon-based hole-transport-material free CsPbIBr perovskite solar cells.

Is the diagnostic model based on convolutional neural network superior to pediatric radiologists in the ultrasonic diagnosis of biliary atresia?

Background: Many screening and diagnostic methods are currently available for biliary atresia (BA), but the early and accurate diagnosis of BA remains a challenge with existing methods. This study aimed to use deep learning algorithms to intelligently analyze the ultrasound image data, build a BA ultrasound intelligent diagnostic model based on the convolutional neural network, and realize an intelligent diagnosis of BA.

Methods: A total of 4,887 gallbladder ultrasound images of infants with BA, non-BA hyperbilirubinemia, and healthy infants were collected.

Radiomics-based ultrasound models for thyroid nodule differentiation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Background: Previous models for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules(TN) have predominantly focused on the characteristics of the nodules themselves, without considering the specific features of the thyroid gland(TG) in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT). In this study, we analyzed the clinical and ultrasound radiomics(USR) features of TN in patients with HT and constructed a model for differentiating benign and malignant nodules specifically in this population.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical and ultrasound data from 227 patients with TN and concomitant HT(161 for training, 66 for testing).

Synergistic Halide- and Ligand-Exchanges of All-Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals for Near-Unity and Spectrally Stable Red Emission.

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) of CsPbX (X = Cl, Br, I) are promising for displays due to wide color gamut, narrow emission bandwidth, and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, pure red perovskite NCs prepared by mixing halide ions often result in defects and spectral instabilities. We demonstrate a method to prepare stable pure red emission and high-PLQY-mixed-halide perovskite NCs through simultaneous halide-exchange and ligand-exchange.

Levels, origins and probabilistic health risk appraisal for trace elements in drinking water from Lhasa, Tibet.

Due to the lack of monitoring systems and water purification facilities, residents in western China may face the risk of drinking water pollution. Therefore, 673 samples were collected from Lhasa's agricultural and pastoral areas to reveal the status quo of drinking water. We used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to determine trace elements concentrations for water quality appraisal, source apportionment, and health risk assessment.

Sound touch elastography for assessing cirrhosis preoperatively in infants with biliary atresia: Comparison with serum fibrosis biomarkers.

Introduction: The accurate assessment of the stages of hepatic fibrosis in children with biliary atresia (BA) before performing Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) is of utmost importance. Some studies demonstrated that ultrasound elastography can be used to assess the stages of hepatic fibrosis by detecting liver stiffness. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the usefulness of sound touch elastography (STE) for preoperatively assessing liver cirrhosis in infants with BA.

Efficient Quasi-2D Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Regulating Phase Distribution with a Fluorinated Organic Cation.

Metal halide perovskites have become a research highlight in the optoelectronic field due to their excellent properties. The perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have achieved great improvement in performance in recent years, and the construction of quasi-2D perovskites by incorporating large-size organic cations is an effective strategy for fabricating efficient PeLEDs. Here, we incorporate the fluorine meta-substituted phenethylammonium bromide (-FPEABr) into CsPbBr to prepare quasi-2D perovskite films for efficient PeLEDs, and study the effect of fluorine substitution on regulating the crystallization kinetics and phase distribution of the quasi-2D perovskites.

Ensembled deep learning model outperforms human experts in diagnosing biliary atresia from sonographic gallbladder images.

It is still challenging to make accurate diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) with sonographic gallbladder images particularly in rural area without relevant expertise. To help diagnose BA based on sonographic gallbladder images, an ensembled deep learning model is developed. The model yields a patient-level sensitivity 93.

Preoperative sonographic diagnosis of McSwain type V appendiceal intussusception: A case report (with video).

Rationale: Appendiceal intussusception is a rare disease. The definite preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal intussusception is rare and challenging. Here, we present a case of McSwain type V appendiceal intussusception in a 10-year-old boy.

Does Supersonic Shear Wave Elastography Help Differentiate Biliary Atresia from Other Causes of Cholestatic Hepatitis in Infants Less than 90 Days Old? Compared with Grey-Scale US.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) for measuring liver stiffness to identify and differentiate biliary atresia (BA) from cholestatic hepatitis in infants younger than 90 days.

Methods: A total of 138 infants younger than 90 days with cholestatic hepatitis were examined by SWE. The infants were subclassified into BA and nonbiliary atresia (non-BA) groups.

Succession of bacterial microbiota in tilapia fillets at 4 °C and in situ investigation of spoilers.

The succession of bacterial microbiota in tilapia fillets during cold storage at 4 °C was investigated employing PCR-DGGE method. Results showed that Pseudomonas was the most dominant genus during entire storage period. Shewanella and Psychrobacter were also always present, but became dominant only after 3 days of storage.

[Effect of polyethylene oxide on renal hemodynamics in rabbits with endotoxin shock].

Objective: To investigate the effect of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on renal blood flow and its renoprotective effect in rabbits with endotoxin sepsis.

Methods: Twenty normal New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) group and PEO group (n=10), and endotoxin shock was induced by an intravenous injection of 0.6 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide.

[Evaluation of intraventricular dyssynchrony by quantitative tissue velocity imaging in rats of post-infarction heart failure].

Objective: To evaluate intraventricular systolic dyssynchrony in rats with post-infarction heart failure by quantitative tissue velocity imaging combining synchronous electrocardiograph.

Methods: A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a 4 week post-operative group and an 8 week post-operation group (each n=25, with anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery ligated), and a sham operation group (n=10, with thoracotomy and open pericardium, but no ligation of the artery). The time to peak systolic velocity of regional myocardial in the rats was measured and the index of the left intraventricular dyssynchrony was calculated.

[Evaluation of the myocardial systolic function and ventricular remodeling of rats with experimental myocardial infarction by strain/strain rate imaging and MMP-9].

Objective: To evaluate the myocardial systolic function and ventricular remodeling in heart failure rat induced by myocardial infarction (MI) with S/SRI and MMP-9.

Methods: A total of 70 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: 4 weeks and 8 weeks MI (anterior descending branch of left coronary artery were ligated), sham operation (thoracotomy without ligation of coronary artery) and non-operated control group. The regional myocardial systolic function of rats was quantified with S/SRI.

[Evaluation of myocardial systolic function of heart failure induced by myocardial infarction in rats with strain and strain rate imagine].

Objective: To quantitatively detect variation in regional myocardial systolic function in heart failure rat model induced by myocardial infarction by strain and strain rate imaging.

Methods: Seventy 2-month-old adult male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: a 4-week and a 8-week group after the operation (each n = 25) had thoracotomy, the pericardium opened and the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery ligated; a sham operation group (n = 10) had thoracotomy and the arcula cordis opened, but did not ligate the artery; a control group (n = 10) had no treatment. The changes of general state of health of the rats were observed and recorded every day.