Activating inert copper hydroxide by coordination effect of stoichiometric nitrate for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process of metal hydroxides is significantly limited by weak hydrogen adsorption and requires a large overpotential. This study presents coordination engineering strategy to activate inert copper hydroxide through the introduction of stoichiometric nitrate ligands (CuHN). Nitrate and Cu are coordinated in an atomic ratio of 1 to 2, leading to expanded lattice space compared to conventional Cu hydroxide.

Homogeneously-Dimensionalizing Perovskite Surface by Dual-Mechano-Chemical Regulation for Efficient Solar Cells.

Precise manipulation on surface dimensionality benefits the improvement of efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells, however, heterogeneity with the presence of substantial atomic-scale impurities and micro-wrinkles on perovskite surface that serve as transformation template challenges the formation of homogeneous heterointerface and thus weakens healing efficacy. To address this issue, herein, we propose a dual-mechano-chemical strategy is proposed to homogenize the morphologic-compositional feature of perovskite surface by first polishing superficial nano-impurities with energetic nanoparticles and then in situ dimensionalizing the defect-free lattice to form a 2D/3D heterointerface with strengthened contact and homogeneous distribution. With the implement of this strategy, the reconstructed heterointerface not only accelerates charge transfer with minimized interfacial non-radiative recombination losses, but also protects perovskite lattice from external attack.

Self-Adaptive Gyroscope-Structured Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Buoy System for Real-Time Ocean Currents Monitoring.

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, sensors have become the most important nodes for information exchange in the IoT. However, ensuring stable power supply and network communication of a plethora of distributed sensing nodes has become the key technical bottleneck that restricts the development of marine IoT. Herein, a self-adaptive gyroscope-structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (SAG-HTENG) is designed for omnidirectional wave energy harvesting.

Refining the Buried Interface via Alkali Metal Carbonate for Efficient All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells.

The buried interface plays a critical role in determining both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, defect states and energy level misalignment at the SnO/perovskite interface can lead to significant charge recombination, severely limiting device performance. Herein, multifunctional interface modifiers based on alkali metal carbonates are introduced for carbon-based CsPbBr PSCs.

Ultrafast synthesis of nickel-ruthenium hydroxide ultrathin nanosheets decorated nickel sulfide with efficient overall water splitting.

Nickel sulfide (NiS) demonstrates exceptional charge transfer capabilities, positioning it as an ideal substrate for hosting active sites in water electrolysis. However, the development of such materials has been hindered by intricate post-modification strategies. Here, a rapid hydrolysis strategy is reported to promote the fast growth of ultrathin nickel-ruthenium hydroxide nanosheets on NiS supported by nickel foam (RuNiOH/NiS/NF).

S2-Reaction- Bonding-Heterointerface Strengthens Buried Adhesion and Orientation for Advanced Perovskite Solar Cells.

Traditionally weak buried interaction without customized chemical bonding always goes against the formation of high--quality perovskite film that highly determines the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, herein, we propose a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (S2) driving strategy to idealize the robust buried interface by simultaneously decorating underlying substrate and functionalizing [PbX] octahedral framework with iodoacetamide and thiol molecules, respectively. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that a strong S2 reaction between exposed halogen and thiol group in two molecules occurs, which not only benefits the reinforcement of buried adhesion, but also triggers target-point-oriented crystallization, synergistically upgrading the upper perovskite film quality and accelerating interfacial charge extraction-transfer behavior.

Idealizing Air-Processed Perovskite Film Competitive by Surface Lattice Etching-Reconstruction for High-Efficiency Solar Cells.

Air-processed perovskite solar cells are desirable for the large-scale manufacturing application in the future, yet the presence of moisture and oxygen goes against perovskite crystallization and deteriorates phase stabilization, leading to the formation of substantial defective nano-impurities, especially on the vulnerable surface. Here, we propose a strategy to simultaneously remove superficial defect layer and solidify the surface by soaking air-fabricated perovskite film into low-polar organic esters at elevated temperature to trigger an in situ dynamic surface lattice disassemble and reconstruction process. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental results indicate that the inorganic CsPbIBr perovskite is first dissolved and then the Br-rich phase is recrystallized at solid-liquid interface owing to the balance between weak solubility and high-temperature induced annealing process, thus hardening the soft surface and releasing the lattice tensile stress, which benefits the minimization of interfacial recombination and improvement of the structural stability.

A multifunctional phenylphosphinamide additive for stable flexible inverted perovskite solar cells.

The multifunctional phenylphosphinamide additive is used in flexible inverted perovskite solar cells to release tensile strain and increase the toughness of the perovskite film, achieving enhanced device efficiency and stability.

Air-fabricated CsPbIBr perovskite film for efficient and stable solar cells by a triacetyl resveratrol additive.

Herein, we demonstrate that triacetyl resveratrol (TRES) can be employed as an antioxidant additive to suppress the formation of oxidation-induced defects in air-fabricated perovskite films. When assembling into carbon-based CsPbIBr and CsPbIBr cells, an enhanced efficiency of 10.38% and 14.

Influence of Donor Skeleton on Intramolecular Electron Transfer Amount for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

The passivation of the defects derived from rapid-crystallization with electron-donating molecules is always a prerequisite to obtain desirable perovskite films for efficient and stable solar cells, thus, the in-depth understanding on the correlations between molecular structure and passivation capacity is of great importance for screening passivators. Here, we introduce the double-ended amide molecule into perovskite precursor solution to modulate crystallization process and passivate defects. By regulating the intermediate bridging skeletons with alkyl, alkenyl and benzene groups, the results show the passivation strength highly depends on the spin-state electronic structure that serves as an intrinsic descriptor to determine the intramolecular charge distribution by controlling orbital electron transfer from the donor segment to acceptor segment.

Strain engineering improves the photovoltaic performance of carbon-based hole-transport-material free CsPbIBr perovskite solar cells.

Alkylamines with different chain lengths including -butylamine, -hexylamine, and -octylamine, are applied to regulate the CsPbIBr perovskite film quality by strain engineering. The status of residual strains is controllably modulated, resulting in improved efficiency and stability of carbon-based hole-transport-material free CsPbIBr perovskite solar cells.

Healing the Buried Interface by a Plant-Derived Green Passivator for Carbon-Based CsPbIBr Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention in photovoltaic applications owing to their superior efficiency, and the buried interface plays a significant role in determining the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Herein, a plant-derived small molecule, ergothioneine (ET), is adopted to heal the defective buried interface of CsPbIBr-based PSC to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE). Because of the strong interaction between Lewis base groups (-C═O and -C═S) in ET and uncoordinated Pb in the perovskite film from the theoretical simulations and experimental results, the defect density of the CsPbIBr perovskite film is significantly reduced, and therefore, the nonradiative recombination in the corresponding device is simultaneously suppressed.

The Guidelines for the Design and Synthesis of Transition Metal Atom Doped Carbon Dots.

Atoms doping is a practical approach to modulate the physicochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs) and thus has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Compared to non-metal atoms, transition metal atoms (TMAs) possess more unoccupied orbitals and larger atomic radii. TMAs doping can significantly alter the electronic structure of CDs and bestow them with new intrinsic characteristics.

Interfacial dipole engineering in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

Severe nonradiative recombination and energy level mismatch in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are key factors affecting efficiency. Here, we report an effective strategy for surface passivation and interfacial dipole engineering of perovskite films. By precisely introducing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups on 7-azaindole, we have effectively controlled the passivation ability of N atoms and the polarity of the interfacial dipole, thereby regulating the perovskite surface's work function and obtaining the optimal energy level matching.

Self-powered PtNi-polyaniline films for converting rain energy into electricity.

Developing novel rainwater energy harvesting beyond conventional electricity is a promising strategy to address the problems of the energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this current work, a class of self-powered PtNi and optimal PtNi-polyaniline (PANI) films are successfully developed to convert rainwater into electricity for power generation. The maximized current, voltage and power of the self-powered PtNi-PANI films are 4.

Synergistic effect of alkali metal doping and thiocyanate passivation in CsPbBr for HTM-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

All-inorganic CsPbBr perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without hole-transport materials (HTMs) have attracted widespread attention because of their significant environmental stability. However, the poor quality of perovskite film and the energetics mismatch between CsPbBr and charge-transport layers limit the further improvement of the CsPbBr PSC performance. To solve this issue, the synergistic effect of alkali metal doping and thiocyanate passivation in NaSCN and KSCN dopants is utilized to improve the properties of the CsPbBr film.

Liquid buried interface to slide lattice and heal defects in inorganic perovskite solar cells.

The residual tensile strain, which is induced by lattice and thermal expansion coefficient difference between upper perovskite film and underlying charge transporting layer, significantly deteriorates the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of a halide perovskite solar cell (PSC). To overcome this technical bottleneck, herein, we propose a universal liquid buried interface (LBI) by introducing a low melting-point small molecule to replace traditional solid-solid interface. Arising from the movability upon solid-to-liquid phase conversion, LBI plays a role of "lubricant" to effectively free the soft perovskite lattice shrinkage or expansion rather than anchoring onto the substrate, leading to the reduced defects due to the healing of strained lattice.

Charge transfer doping of graphene oxide with nickel oxide nanoparticles for stable and efficient carbon-based, all-inorganic CsPbBr perovskite solar cells.

All-inorganic CsPbBr perovskite solar cells have received growing attention in the photovoltaic field due to their high stability, low cost, and simple preparation processes. However, the high-density defects in perovskite films and the large energy differences at interfaces have been the main challenges for achieving high power conversion efficiency and good stability. In this work, nickel oxide (NiO) decorated graphene oxide (GO) is used as a hole collector at the perovskite/carbon interface for a carbon-based CsPbBr perovskite solar cell.

A photovoltaic-hydrovoltaic-coupled carbon-based, all-inorganic CsPbBr perovskite solar cell.

A photovoltaic-hydrovoltaic-coupled carbon-based, all-inorganic CsRbPbBr perovskite solar cell achieved a peak power conversion efficiency of 9.40% under one sun illumination and a maximum voltage of 0.39 V and current of 1.

Round-comb FeO@SnO heterostructures enable efficient light harvesting and charge extraction for high-performance all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

The precise design of an electron transport layer (ETL) to improve the light-harvesting and quality of perovskite (PVK) film plays a crucial role in the photovoltaic performance of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a novel three-dimensional (3D) round-comb FeO@SnO heterostructure composites with high conductivity and electron mobility induced by its Type-II band alignment and matched lattice spacing is prepared and employed as an efficient mesoporous ETL for all-inorganic CsPbBr PSCs. Arising from the multiple light scattering sites provided by the 3D round-comb structure, the diffuse reflectance of FeO@SnO composites is increased to improve the light absorption of the deposited PVK film.

A trifunctional polyethylene oxide buffer layer for stable and efficient all-inorganic CsPbBr perovskite solar cells.

Carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted growing interest owing to their simple fabrication process, low cost, and high stability in air. On account of the large interfacial energy barriers and polycrystalline features of perovskite films, the carrier interface recombination and inherent defects in the perovskite layer are still great challenges in further increasing the power conversion efficiency and stability of carbon-based PSCs. We present here a trifunctional polyethylene oxide buffer layer at the perovskite/carbon interface to promote the PCE and stability of carbon-based all-inorganic CsPbBr PSCs: (i) the PEO layer increases the crystallinity of inorganic CsPbBr grains for low defect state density; (ii) the oxygenic groups in PEO chains passivate the defects on the perovskite surface; and (iii) the long hydrophobic alkyl chains improve the stability in moisture.

Unraveling the Structure Transition and Peroxidase Mimic Activity of Copper Sites over Atomically Dispersed Copper-Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots.

The lack of systematic structural resolution makes it difficult to build specific transition-metal-atom-doped carbonized polymer dots (TMA-doped CPDs). Herein, the structure-activity relationship between Cu atoms and CPDs was evaluated by studying the peroxidase-like properties of Glu-Cu-CPDs prepared by using copper glutamate (Glu) with a Cu-N O initial structure. The results showed that the Cu atoms bound to Glu-Cu-CPDs in the form of Cu-N C , indicating that Cu-O bonds changed into Cu-C bonds under hydrothermal conditions.

formation of inorganic healing overlayer for interface-stabilized all-inorganic CsPbIBr perovskite solar cells.

A perovskite layer functionalized to be an outermost screen can strongly affect the capacity of the underlying device to avoid becoming decomposed under external stimuli, and subsequently affect the photovoltaic performance as well. Herein, we report an interface-stabilization strategy for an all-inorganic CsPbIBr film involving forming an inorganic ZrO layer to solidify the soft perovskite lattice. As a result of defect passivation and self-encapsulation, the best device achieved an enhanced efficiency of up to 10.

Electronic metal-support interaction constructed for preparing sinter-resistant nano-platinum catalyst with redox property.

Generally, support materials with particular structural properties could effectively anchor metal nanoparticles and provide lower activation barriers in heterogeneous catalysis. To tailor the structure of stable iron oxide, NiFeO of inverse spinel structure was obtained by combining nickel with iron element under an alkaline environment and high-temperature calcination. The p-type conductivity of NiFeO provides the possibility of constructing electronic interfacial interaction with Pt nanoparticles by electron transfer.