Investigation of Endodontic Disinfection by Combination of Laser and Nanobubble Technology.

Introduction: To investigate the combined use of laser, nanobubble water (NB-HO), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) for endodontic disinfection, particularly in regenerative endodontic cases where maximum effectiveness is needed.

Methods: Canal of human teeth were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).

A thioether additive as an interfacial regulator for ultra-stable lithium-metal batteries.

Rapid inactive lithium accumulation and severe lithium dendrite growth critically limit the cycle life of metallic lithium anodes. Herein, cyclic thioether 1,3-dithiane is reported as a novel electrolyte additive for fabricating ultra-stable lithium-metal batteries. Through the preferential decomposition of 1,3-dithiane additive and PF anion ions, robust inorganic-rich electrode interphases could be generated at both the anode and the cathode, which is conducive to enhanced kinetics and structural stability of the electrode interface, endowing alleviated active lithium loss and dendrite-free lithium deposition.

Dual-Interface Regulation of Cyclic Thioether Electrolyte Additives for Enhancing the Cycling Stability of High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.

The development of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) using carbonate electrolytes is severely hindered by unstable interfacial chemistry, leading to uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth and rapid performance degradation. Given that the electrode/electrolyte interface property is highly dependent on the interface interactions, this work introduces 1,4-dithiane (1,4-DH), an environmentally benign cyclic thioether, as a multifunctional additive for stabilizing electrode-electrolyte interfaces in conventional carbonate electrolytes without fluorinated solvents. The 1,4-DH additive exhibits preferentially adsorption on both Li metal anodes and NCM811 (LiNiCoMnO) cathodes, displacing solvent molecules from electrode surfaces to suppress solvent decomposition while driving localized PF enrichment at the electrode interfaces via a robust binding interaction.

Bridging Donor Ligands Enable an Ultrastable Graphite Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Graphite is widely utilized as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its abundance, cost-effectiveness, and excellent structural stability during lithium intercalation and deintercalation, which contribute to a long cycle life. However, graphite is not inherently suitable for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to the limited intercalation properties of sodium ions. To address this, we propose the concept of bridging-donor-ligands, which construct ligand channels and consistently expand the graphite interlayer spacing.

Gibbs Free Energy Regulation to Decrease Desolvation Barrier for Ultralow-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries at -40°C.

Sluggish desolvation kinetics of Li ions cause poor lifespan of Li metal batteries at ultralow temperatures. Herein, the rapid desolvation process is achieved by reducing the change of Gibbs free energy (△G) at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. The low desolvation barrier can be attained by higher entropy change (△S) and lower enthalpy change (△H).

Unveiling Aqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries with Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes.

Aqueous rechargeable potassium-ion batteries have considerable advantages and potentials in the application of large-scale energy storage systems, owing to its high safety, abundant potassium resources, and environmental friendliness. However, the practical applications are fraught with numerous challenges. Identification of suitable cathode materials and potassium storage mechanisms are of great significance.

Pulse Charge Suppressing Dendrite Growth at Low Temperature by Rapidly Replenishing Lithium Ion on Anode Surface.

Dendrite growth of lithium (Li) metal anodes is considered as one of the most tough issues for Li metal batteries with a theoretically high energy density. This is attributed to the rapid exhaustion of Li ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, which is even worse at low temperatures with poor diffusion kinetics of Li ions. Here, pulse charge with intermittent rest time during battery charging is proposed to handle the dendrite growth issue of Li metal anodes at low temperatures.

Understanding the Coupling Mechanism of Intercalation and Conversion Hybrid Storage in Lithium-Graphite Anode.

Anodes with high capacity and long lifespan play an important role in the advanced batteries. However, none of the existing anodes can meet these two requirements simultaneously. Lithium (Li)-graphite composite anode presents great potential in balancing these two requirements.

Synchronization of parallel intense electron beam accelerators based on single trigger generator.

In this study, the authors provide results of the precisely synchronized triggering of an intense electron beam accelerator (IEBA). The trigger generator was composed of a fractional-turn ratio saturable-pulse transformer and a compact six-stage Marx generator. The main switch of the IEBA was a corona-stabilized triggered switch (CSTS) based on the stabilized corona mechanism.

Electrochemically and Thermally Stable Inorganics-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Robust Lithium Metal Batteries.

Severe dendrite growth and high-level activity of the lithium metal anode lead to a short life span and poor safety, seriously hindering the practical applications of lithium metal batteries. With a trisalt electrolyte design, an F-/N-containing inorganics-rich solid electrolyte interphase on a lithium anode is constructed, which is electrochemically and thermally stable over long-term cycles and safety abuse conditions. As a result, its Coulombic efficiency can be maintained over 98.

Heterostructures Regulating Lithium Polysulfides for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Sluggish reaction kinetics and severe shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides seriously hinder the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. Heterostructures, due to unique properties, have congenital advantages that are difficult to be achieved by single-component materials in regulating lithium polysulfides by efficient catalysis and strong adsorption to solve the problems of poor reaction kinetics and serious shuttling effect of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this review, the principles of heterostructures expediting lithium polysulfides conversion and anchoring lithium polysulfides are detailedly analyzed, and the application of heterostructures as sulfur host, interlayer, and separator modifier to improve the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries is systematically reviewed.

Thermoresponsive Electrolytes for Safe Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Exploring advanced strategies in alleviating the thermal runaway of lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) is critically essential. Herein, a novel electrolyte system with thermoresponsive characteristics is designed to largely enhance the thermal safety of 1.0 Ah LMBs.

Thermally Stable Polymer-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Safe Lithium Metal Pouch Cells.

Serious safety risks caused by the high reactivity of lithium metal against electrolytes severely hamper the practicability of lithium metal batteries. By introducing unique polymerization site and more fluoride substitution, we built an in situ formed polymer-rich solid electrolyte interphase upon lithium anode to improve battery safety. The fluorine-rich and hydrogen-free polymer exhibits high thermal stability, which effectively reduces the continuous exothermic reaction between electrolyte and anode/cathode.

A compact, low jitter, high voltage trigger generator based on fractional-turn ratio saturable pulse transformer and its application.

In this paper, an all-solid-state high voltage trigger generator is developed, which is aimed at triggering a several gigawatts three-electrode spark gap of an intense electron beam accelerator (IEBA). As one of the most important parts for triggering the IEBA precisely, it is developed based on a fractional-turn ratio saturable pulse transformer and a compact six-stage Marx generator. A pulse of rising time 141 ns and amplitude 79.

Nickel-iron nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes prepared from waste plastics for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) are a promising next-generation fuel cell due to their low cost and rapid start-up, posing a significant challenge to electrode materials with high electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we reported the bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (NiFe@CNTs) prepared by carefully controlling catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics. Results showed that plenty of multi-walled CNTs with outer diameters (14.

A Diffusion--Reaction Competition Mechanism to Tailor Lithium Deposition for Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Lithium metal is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials owing to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nonetheless, dendritic Li growth has dramatically hindered the practical applications of Li metal anodes. Realizing spherical Li deposition is an effective approach to avoid Li dendrite growth, but the mechanism of spherical deposition is unknown.

Three-Dimensional Superlithiophilic Interphase for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes.

Lithium metal is among the most promising anode candidates of high-energy-density batteries. However, the formed dendrites result in low Coulombic efficiency and serious security issues. Designing lithiophilic sites is one of the effective strategies to control Li deposition.

Favorable Lithium Nucleation on Lithiophilic Framework Porphyrin for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes.

Lithium metal constitutes promising anode materials but suffers from dendrite growth. Lithiophilic host materials are highly considered for achieving uniform lithium deposition. Precise construction of lithiophilic sites with desired structure and homogeneous distribution significantly promotes the lithiophilicity of lithium hosts but remains a great challenge.

Electrochemical Diagram of an Ultrathin Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells.

Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as a "Holy Grail" electrode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, the electrochemical behavior of the Li anode under a practical working state is poorly understood, leading to a gap in the design strategy and the aim of efficient Li anodes. The electrochemical diagram to reveal failure mechanisms of ultrathin Li in pouch cells is demonstrated.

Regulating the Inner Helmholtz Plane for Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal Anodes.

The stability of a battery is strongly dependent on the feature of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The electrical double layer forms prior to the formation of SEI at the interface between the Li metal anode and the electrolyte. The fundamental understanding on the regulation of the SEI structure and stability on Li surface through the structure of the electrical double layer is highly necessary for safe batteries.

Dual-Phase Single-Ion Pathway Interfaces for Robust Lithium Metal in Working Batteries.

The lithium (Li) metal anode is confronted by severe interfacial issues that strongly hinder its practical deployment. The unstable interfaces directly induce unfavorable low cycling efficiency, dendritic Li deposition, and even strong safety concerns. An advanced artificial protective layer with single-ion pathways holds great promise for enabling a spatially homogeneous ionic and electric field distribution over Li metal surface, therefore well protecting the Li metal anode during long-term working conditions.

Lithiophilicity chemistry of heteroatom-doped carbon to guide uniform lithium nucleation in lithium metal anodes.

The uncontrollable growth of lithium (Li) dendrites seriously impedes practical applications of Li metal batteries. Various lithiophilic conductive frameworks, especially carbon hosts, are used to guide uniform Li nucleation and thus deliver a dendrite-free composite anode. However, the lithiophilic nature of these carbon hosts is poorly understood.

Lithiophilic LiC Layers on Carbon Hosts Enabling Stable Li Metal Anode in Working Batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal-based battery is among the most promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable high-energy-density batteries. Carbon materials are strongly considered as the host of Li metal to relieve the powdery/dendritic Li formation and large volume change during repeated cycles. Herein, we describe the formation of a thin lithiophilic LiC layer between carbon fibers (CFs) and metallic Li in Li/CF composite anode obtained through a one-step rolling method.

An ion redistributor for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes.

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have attracted considerable interest due to their ultrahigh theoretical gravimetric capacity and very low redox potential. However, the issues of nonuniform lithium deposits (dendritic Li) during cycling are hindering the practical applications of Li metal batteries. Herein, we propose a concept of ion redistributors to eliminate dendrites by redistributing Li ions with Al-doped LiLaZrTaO (LLZTO) coated polypropylene (PP) separators.