Miniature and low-power high-precision FBG interrogator with self-temperature compensation.

A compact fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogator, integrating an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) chip, photodiode (PD) array, and demodulation circuits within an 85 × 60 × 40 mm volume, has been designed and fabricated. Utilizing what we believe to be a novel three-point demodulation technique, precise center wavelength demodulation is achieved. The conventional thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is supplanted by a look-up table (LUT) in conjunction with interpolation for temperature compensation.

Broadband absorption enhancement in ultra-thin T2SL-based LWIR detectors with M-type gold nanostructures.

This study presents a long-wave infrared (LWIR) detector based on ultrathin Type-II superlattice (T2SL) materials, which is enhanced by an M-type gold nanograting structure utilizing the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) resonant cavity effect to significantly improve light absorption and achieve broadband spectral absorption enhancement. The 14 ML InAs/7 ML GaSb T2SL material was successfully grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), with its excellent crystallinity and surface morphology characterized and verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The refractive index and absorption coefficient, measured by ellipsometry, provided the required data for the subsequent finite element simulation.

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on SWT and Improved Vision Transformer.

To address the challenge of low diagnostic accuracy in rolling bearing fault diagnosis under varying operating conditions, this paper proposes a novel method integrating the synchronized wavelet transform (SWT) with an enhanced Vision Transformer architecture, referred to as ResCAA-ViT. The SWT is first applied to process raw vibration signals, generating high-resolution time-frequency maps as input for the network model. By compressing and reordering wavelet transform coefficients in the frequency domain, the SWT enhances time-frequency resolution, enabling the clear capture of instantaneous changes and local features in the signals.

Calibration of Dual-Channel Raman Spectrometer via Optical Frequency Comb.

The portable Raman spectrometer boasts portability, rapid analysis, and high flexibility. It stands as a crucial and powerful technical tool for analyzing the chemical composition of samples, whether biological or non-biological, across diverse fields. To improve the resolution of grating spectrometers and ensure a wide spectral range, many spectrometer systems have been designed with double-grating structures.

Delegated Proof of Stake Consensus Mechanism Based on Community Discovery and Credit Incentive.

Consensus algorithms are the core technology of a blockchain and directly affect the implementation and application of blockchain systems. Delegated proof of stake (DPoS) significantly reduces the time required for transaction verification by selecting representative nodes to generate blocks, and it has become a mainstream consensus algorithm. However, existing DPoS algorithms have issues such as "one ballot, one vote", a low degree of decentralization, and nodes performing malicious actions.

Patient satisfaction with humanistic nursing in Chinese secondary and tertiary public hospitals: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Humanistic care pertains to the abilities, attitudes, and behaviors central to patient-centered care, contributing to patients' sense of safety and wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of patients with humanistic nursing care in Chinese secondary and tertiary public hospitals.

Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted across 30 provinces and 83 hospitals in China.

Parameterized Hamiltonian Learning With Quantum Circuit.

Hamiltonian learning, as an important quantum machine learning technique, provides a significant approach for determining an accurate quantum system. This paper establishes parameterized Hamiltonian learning (PHL) and explores its application and implementation on quantum computers. A parameterized quantum circuit for Hamiltonian learning is first created by decomposing unitary operators to excite the system evolution.

Digital tools/eHealth to support CKD self-management: A qualitative study of perceptions, attitudes and needs of patients and health care professionals in China.

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the potential effectiveness of electronic health (eHealth) self-management interventions in improving disease self-management skills and health outcomes of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, current research on CKD eHealth self-management interventions has almost exclusively focused on high-income, western countries.

Objective: To inform the adaptation of a tailored eHealth self-management intervention for patients with CKD in China based on the Dutch Medical Dashboard (MD) intervention, we examined the perceptions, attitudes and needs of Chinese patients with CKD and health care professionals (HCPs) towards eHealth based (self-management) interventions in general and the Dutch MD intervention in specific.

Optical fiber shape sensing of polyimide skin for a flexible morphing wing: retraction.

The referenced article [Appl. Opt.56, 9325 (2017)APOPAI0003-693510.

Patients' and healthcare professionals' beliefs, perceptions and needs towards chronic kidney disease self-management in China: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To support the adaptation and translation of an evidence-based chronic kidney disease (CKD) self-management intervention to the Chinese context, we examined the beliefs, perceptions and needs of Chinese patients with CKD and healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards CKD self-management.

Design: A basic interpretive, cross-sectional qualitative study comprising semistructured interviews and observations.

Setting: One major tertiary referral hospital in Henan province, China.

Development and evaluation of an eHealth self-management intervention for patients with chronic kidney disease in China: protocol for a mixed-method hybrid type 2 trial.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health concern. In patients with CKD, interventions that support disease self-management have shown to improve health status and quality of life. At the moment, the use of electronic health (eHealth) technology in self-management interventions is becoming more and more popular.

A Refractive Index Sensor Based on H-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fibers Coated with Ag-Graphene Layers.

An Ag-graphene layers-coated H-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a U-shaped grooves open structure for refractive index (RI) sensing is proposed and numerically simulated by the finite element method (FEM). The designed sensor could solve the problems of air-holes material coating and analyte filling in PCF. Two big air-holes in the x-axis produce a birefringence phenomenon leading to the confinement loss and sensitivity of x-polarized light being much stronger than y-polarized.

Deep convolutional neural networks for tongue squamous cell carcinoma classification using Raman spectroscopy.

With deep convolutional neural networks and fiber optic Raman spectroscopy, this study presents a novel classification method that discriminates tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) from non-tumorous tissue. To achieve this purpose, 24 tissues spectral data were first collected from 12 patients who had undergone a surgical resection due to the tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Then 6 blocks with each block including 1 convolutional layer and 1 max-pooling layer are used to extract the nonlinear feature representations from Raman spectra.

Optical Fiber Sensor Performance Evaluation in Soft Polyimide Film with Different Thickness Ratios.

To meet the application requirements of curvature measurement for soft biomedical robotics and flexible morphing wings of aircraft, the optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) shape sensor for soft robots and flexible morphing wing was implemented. This optical FBG is embedded in polyimide film and then fixed in the body of a soft robot and morphing wing. However, a lack of analysis on the embedded depth of FBG sensors in polyimide film and its sensitivity greatly limits their application potential.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Hsp70 gene family in Nicotiana tabacum.

Heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70) constitute a highly conserved protein family of cellular chaperones widely distributed in plants, where they play a fundamental role in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Until now, genome-wide analyses of the Hsp70 gene family have been conducted for some species. However, reports about Hsp70 genes in Nicotiana tabacum are scarce.

Simultaneous Robot⁻World and Hand⁻Eye Calibration without a Calibration Object.

An extended robot⁻world and hand⁻eye calibration method is proposed in this paper to evaluate the transformation relationship between the camera and robot device. This approach could be performed for mobile or medical robotics applications, where precise, expensive, or unsterile calibration objects, or enough movement space, cannot be made available at the work site. Firstly, a mathematical model is established to formulate the robot-gripper-to-camera rigid transformation and robot-base-to-world rigid transformation using the Kronecker product.

Enzyme-Embedded Metal-Organic Framework Colloidosomes via an Emulsion-Based Approach.

Improving the activity and stability of enzymes is significant in enzyme immobilization. Here a facile approach to prepare ring-like ZIF-8 colloidosomes and spherical catalase-embedded ZIF-8 colloidosomes is developed via one-step emulsion-based technique at the water/butanol interface. The influence of the concentrations of ZIF-8 nanocrystals and Pluronic F127 as well as the oil-water ratio was investigated.

Spinal Cord Stimulation Frequency Influences the Hemodynamic Response in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a promising technique for treating disorders of consciousness (DOCs). However, differences in the spatio-temporal responsiveness of the brain under varied SCS parameters remain unclear. In this pilot study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the hemodynamic responses of 10 DOC patients to different SCS frequencies (5 Hz, 10 Hz, 50 Hz, 70 Hz, and 100 Hz).

Metallic-packaging fiber Bragg grating sensor based on ultrasonic welding for strain-insensitive temperature measurement.

In this paper, a metallic-packaging fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor characterized by a strain insensitive design is demonstrated. The sensor is fabricated by the one-step ultrasonic welding technique using type-II fiber Bragg grating combined with an aluminum alloy substrate. Finite element analysis is used to perform theoretical evaluation.

Analysis of Flow Cytometric Fluorescence Lifetime with Time-Delay Estimation of Pulse Signals.

The measurement of fluorescence lifetimes emerged in flow cytometry because it is not impacted by the non-linearity, which occurs in fluorescence intensity measurements. However, this significantly increases the cost and complexity of a traditional flow cytometer. This work reports a simple method of fluorescence lifetime measurement of a flow cytometer based on the cytometric fluorescence pulse time-delay estimation and hardware time-delay calibration.

Optical fiber shape sensing of polyimide skin for a flexible morphing wing.

This paper presents the 3D shape sensing of polyimide thin film skin for a flexible morphing wing using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The calibration curves of the FBG sensors are measured experimentally to ensure relative accurate conversion between Bragg wavelength shift (BWS) and bending curvature of the polyimide skin. The reflection spectra of the FBG sensors are measured at different airfoil profiles, and the variation tendency of the BWS values with the airfoil profiles are analyzed.

Fiber Bragg grating-based measurement of random-rotation parameters.

A preloaded rotational sensor featuring a spring packaged within the magnetic head has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The aforementioned fiber Bragg grating-based system can convert the strain information into rotation angles without rotation angle limitations in terms of the proposed angle transfer mathematical model. The random-angular displacements were well fitted by the model with the maximum deviation of 0.

Representation Method for Spectrally Overlapping Signals in Flow Cytometry Based on Fluorescence Pulse Time-Delay Estimation.

Flow cytometry is being applied more extensively because of the outstanding advantages of multicolor fluorescence analysis. However, the intensity measurement is susceptible to the nonlinearity of the detection method. Moreover, in multicolor analysis, it is impossible to discriminate between fluorophores that spectrally overlap; this influences the accuracy of the fluorescence pulse signal representation.

Evaluating the liquid path stability of a flow cytometer.

Precision in flow cytometry depends on many factors, the first of which is accurate and stable positioning of the hydrodynamically focused cells. However, no method exists to evaluate the stability of laminar flow and single-cell flow in the flow chamber of the flow cytometer directly because of the small size of the rectangular channel of the flow chamber. In this paper, a method of high-speed particle image velocimetry is proposed to solve this problem.