Bacterial Decolonization With Mupirocin Ointment for Acute Radiation Oral Mucositis Prevention: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Acute radiation oral mucositis (AROM) is a major dose-limiting toxic effect in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Reduction of severe (grade ≥3) AROM by bacterial decolonization (BD) could improve treatment tolerance and quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of BD with mupirocin nasal ointment in alleviating severe AROM compared with standard of care (SoC) by reducing Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nasal and oral mucosal during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer.

Precise metabolic dependencies of cancer through deep learning and validations.

Cancer cells exhibit metabolic reprogramming to sustain proliferation, creating metabolic vulnerabilities absent in normal cells. While prior studies identified specific metabolic dependencies, systematic insights remain limited. Here, we build a graph deep learning-based metabolic vulnerability prediction model, "DeepMeta," which can accurately predict the dependent metabolic genes for cancer samples based on transcriptome and metabolic network information.

Oral dose-volume parameters as independent predictors of severe radiation-induced mucositis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a retrospective study.

Objective: To investigate the association between clinical factors, oral dose-volume parameters during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and the development of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis (ROM). It also aims to identify predictive risk factors for severe ROM to support preventive strategies.

Methods: Clinical data from 175 NPC patients treated at Jiangxi Cancer Hospital between July 2023 and February 2024 were analyzed.

Research Progress of the Preparation of Cellulose Ethers and Their Applications: A Short Review.

Cellulose ethers (CEs), synthesized through the etherification of cellulose, have emerged as indispensable "green additives" in our modern industries, earning the moniker of industrial "monosodium glutamate" due to their unparalleled multifunctionality. Unlike traditional petroleum-based modifiers, CEs offer a unique combination of renewability, low toxicity, and tunable properties (e.g.

Infiltrating B-cell subtypes and associated hub genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma identified from integrated single-cell, bulk RNA-sequencing, and immunohistochemical data.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with lymphocyte infiltration; however, the majority of research on NPC has focused on the role of T cells, with relatively little known about the roles of B cells and their subtypes. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic value of CD20 + B cell density and B-cell subtypes along with their functional enrichment and hub genes in NPC.

Methods: The prognostic value of CD20 + B-cell density for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) was explored by immunohistochemistry using multivariate analysis.

Reducing radiation-induced hypothyroidism by modified delineation of cervical lymphatic drainage area for nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by intensity-modulated radiation Therapy: 3 years' experience.

Background And Purpose: Radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RIHT) is a late complication of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We evaluated thyroid protection in NPC patients receiving IMRT using modified delineation (MD) of cervical lymphatic drainage areas, sparing the common carotid artery within the clinical target volume (CTV), to assess its impact on thyroid function and survival outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients without metastatic lymph nodes at levels III and IV who received neck irradiation.

Multiomics Approach Identifies Key Proteins and Regulatory Pathways in Colorectal Cancer.

The prevalence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) has dramatically increased in recent decades. However, robust CRC biomarkers with therapeutic value for early diagnosis are still lacking. To comprehensively reveal the molecular characteristics of CRC development, we employed a multiomics strategy to investigate eight different types of CRC samples.

The circular RNA circATP8B(2) regulates ROS production and antiviral immunity in Drosophila.

We identified and validated a collection of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that depletion of the pro-viral circRNA circATP8B(2), but not its linear siblings, compromises viral infection both in cultured Drosophila cells and in vivo. In addition, circATP8B(2) is enriched in the fly gut, and gut-specific depletion of circATP8B(2) attenuates viral replication in an oral infection model.

A dynamic model of inorganic arsenic-induced carcinogenesis reveals an epigenetic mechanism for epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) causes cancer by initiating dynamic transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal cell phenotypes. These transitions transform normal cells into cancerous cells, and cancerous cells into metastatic cells. Most in vitro models assume that transitions between states are binary and complete, and do not consider the possibility that intermediate, stable cellular states might exist.

Inhibition of mitochondrial fission activates glycogen synthesis to support cell survival in colon cancer.

Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as one of the major mechanisms that fuel tumor initiation and progression. Our previous studies demonstrate that activation of Drp1 promotes fatty acid oxidation and downstream Wnt signaling. Here we investigate the role of Drp1 in regulating glycogen metabolism in colon cancer.

Robust but On-Demand Detachable Wet Tissue Adhesive Hydrogel Enhanced with Modified Tannic Acid.

Adhesives with robust but readily detachable wet tissue adhesion are of great significance for wound closure. Polyelectrolyte complex adhesive (PECA) is an important wet tissue adhesive. However, its relatively weak cohesive and adhesive strength cannot satisfy clinical applications.

Novel acridine-based LSD1 inhibitors enhance immune response in gastric cancer.

Recently, histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has become an emerging and promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, based on our previously reported LSD1 inhibitor DXJ-1 (also called 6x), a series of novel acridine-based LSD1 inhibitors were identified via structure optimizations. Among them, compound 5ac demonstrated significantly enhanced inhibitory activity against LSD1 with an IC value of 13 nM, about 4.

Application Effectiveness of Segment IV Portal Vein Reconstruction for Early Postoperative Liver Function Recovery in Split Liver Transplantation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of portal vein reconstruction in segment IV of the liver on early postoperative liver function recovery in split liver transplantation. The clinical data of patients of right trilobe split liver transplantation in our center were analyzed and divided into two groups, including a group without portal vein reconstruction and a group with portal vein reconstruction. Clinical data of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin (ALB), creatinine (Cr), total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), lactic acid (Lac), and international normalized ratio (INR) levels were analyzed.

Impaired geriatric 8 score is associated with worse survival after radical intensity modulated radiation therapy in elderly patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Geriatric 8 score (G8) was an independent prognostic factor for survival and toxicities in various malignancies, but it has never been tested in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Objectives: To evaluate the value of G8 in predicting survival in elderly patients with NPC.

Material And Methods: Patients with NPC aged ≥70 who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy were recruited into this study.

Discovery of acridine-based LSD1 inhibitors as immune activators targeting LSD1 in gastric cancer.

LSD1 is overexpressed in various cancers and promotes tumor cell proliferation, tumor expansion, and suppresses immune cells infiltration and is closely associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. Therefore, the inhibition of LSD1 has been recognized as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we screened an in-house small-molecule library targeting LSD1, an FDA-approved drug amsacrine for acute leukemia and malignant lymphomas was found to exhibit moderate anti-LSD1 inhibitory activity (IC = 0.

Phenothiazine-Based LSD1 Inhibitor Promotes T-Cell Killing Response of Gastric Cancer Cells.

Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been recognized as an important epigenetic target for cancer treatment. Although several LSD1 inhibitors have entered clinical trials, the discovery of novel potent LSD1 inhibitors remains a challenge. In this study, the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine was characterized as an LSD1 inhibitor (IC = 5.

A circular RNA Edis-Relish-castor axis regulates neuronal development in Drosophila.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new group of noncoding/regulatory RNAs that are particularly abundant in the nervous system, however, their physiological functions are underexplored. Here we report that the brain-enriched circular RNA Edis (Ect4-derived immune suppressor) plays an essential role in neuronal development in Drosophila. We show that depletion of Edis in vivo causes defects in axonal projection patterns of mushroom body (MB) neurons in the brain, as well as impaired locomotor activity and shortened lifespan of adult flies.

The circular RNA Edis regulates neurodevelopment and innate immunity.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed in eukaryotes. However, only a subset has been functionally characterized. We identify and validate a collection of circRNAs in Drosophila, and show that depletion of the brain-enriched circRNA Edis (circ_Ect4) causes hyperactivation of antibacterial innate immunity both in cultured cells and in vivo.

Activation of Drp1 promotes fatty acids-induced metabolic reprograming to potentiate Wnt signaling in colon cancer.

Cancer cells are known for their ability to adapt variable metabolic programs depending on the availability of specific nutrients. Our previous studies have shown that uptake of fatty acids alters cellular metabolic pathways in colon cancer cells to favor fatty acid oxidation. Here, we show that fatty acids activate Drp1 to promote metabolic plasticity in cancer cells.

Downregulation of PHLPP induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes eIF2α phosphorylation and chemoresistance in colon cancer.

Aberrant activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributes to tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapies in various cancer types. Our previous studies have shown that the downregulation of PHLPP, a novel family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, promotes tumor initiation, and progression. Here we investigated the functional interaction between the ER stress and PHLPP expression in colon cancer.

Hydrogel-Mediated Mineralization Generates Oriented Crystalline Films Comprising Granular-Rhombohedral Heterogeneous Structures.

Gel-mediated crystallization is a common system to produce self-organized materials, which is fundamental to the development of bottom-up approaches to functional complex materials. Mineralization in hydrogel matrices nevertheless remains empirical in the generation of crystallization products with tailored heterogeneous structures. We demonstrate that the employment of the hydrogels with proper cationic diffusivity can trigger the consecutive growth of oriented, granular-rhombohedral heterogeneous structures.

Reversible Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Inhibitors: A Promising Wrench to Impair LSD1.

As a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent monoamine oxidase, lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) functions as a transcription coactivator or corepressor to regulate the methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 and 9 (H3K4/9), and it has emerged as a promising epigenetic target for anticancer treatment. To date, numerous inhibitors targeting LSD1 have been developed, some of which are undergoing clinical trials for cancer therapy. Although only two reversible LSD1 inhibitors CC-90011 and SP-2577 are in the clinical stage, the past decade has seen remarkable advances in the development of reversible LSD1 inhibitors.