Microfilament Depolymerization Is a Pre-requisite for Stem Cell Formation During Shoot Regeneration in .

shoot regeneration is widely used in fundamental studies and agricultural applications. Actin microfilaments are involved in many aspects of plant cell division, cell morphogenesis and cell signal transduction. However, the function of actin microfilaments during shoot regeneration is poorly understood.

Indolediketopiperazine Alkaloids from Eurotium cristatum EN-220, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from the Marine Alga Sargassum thunbergii.

Four new indolediketopiperazine derivatives (-), along with nine known congeners (-), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of EN-220, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine alga . The structures of thesecompounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configurations of compounds - were established by NOESY experiments and by chiral HPLC analyses of their acid hydrolysates. The absolute configuration of C-8 (a quaternary carbon substituted with a hydroxyl group) in of preechinulin class was firstly determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Effect of ZBD-2 on chronic pain, depressive-like behaviors, and recovery of motor function following spinal cord injury in mice.

In addition to debilitating sensory and motor deficits, patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) may experience chronic hyperpathic pain (SCI-pain). Recent studies have revealed that translocator protein (TSPO) is involved in repairing neural cells as well as reducing anxiety and depression. However, the role of TSPO in SCI-pain and pain-induced depression remains unknown.

LAT alleviates Th2/Treg imbalance in an OVA-induced allergic asthma mouse model through LAT-PLC-γ1 interaction.

Introduction: Low expression of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is observed in asthma. LAT and its downstream regulator, phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-γ1) play important roles in the T cell antigen receptor signaling pathway, and their interaction is associated with CD4 cell polarization. Here, we investigated whether LAT can alleviate the imbalance among CD4 cell subgroups and the possible mechanism.

Antioxidant Hydroanthraquinones from the Marine Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces islandicus EN-501.

Five new polyhydroxylated hydroanthraquinone derivatives, namely, 8-hydroxyconiothyrinone B (1), 8,11-dihydroxyconiothyrinone B (2), 4R,8-dihydroxyconiothyrinone B (3), 4S,8-dihydroxyconiothyrinone B (4), and 4S,8-dihydroxy-10-O-methyldendryol E (5), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Talaromyces islandicus EN-501, an endophytic fungus obtained from the inner tissue of the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of detailed interpretation of their NMR and mass spectroscopic data, and the structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis, while the absolute configurations of compounds 3-5 were determined by TDDFT calculations of the ECD spectra. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-5 were evaluated.

Two New Diphenylketones and a New Xanthone from Talaromyces islandicus EN-501, an Endophytic Fungus Derived from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia okamurai.

Two new diphenylketones ( and ), a new xanthone (), and a known xanthone analogue () were isolated and identified from EN-501, an endophytic fungus obtained from the fresh collected marine red alga . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The joint isolation of benzophenones and xanthones from the same fungal strain supports the biogenesis of xanthones via a benzophenone intermediate.

A indicator of visceral adipose dysfunction to evaluate metabolic health in adult Chinese.

Visceral adipose dysfunction is a major cause of metabolic disorders. However, there is lack of a clinical index for prediction of visceral fat dysfunction in Asians. The present study aims to establish a visceral adiposity index for evaluation of metabolic health status in Chinese, the largest Asian ethnic group.

Dec1 expression predicts prognosis and the response to temozolomide chemotherapy in patients with glioma.

Differentiated embryo chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (Dec1), a crucial cell differentiation mediator and apoptosis inhibitor, is abundantly expressed in various types of human cancer and is associated with malignant tumor progression. As poor differentiation and low apoptosis are closely associated with poor survival rates and a poor response to radio/chemotherapy in patients with cancer, the prognostic value of Dec1 expression was examined in the present study and its correlation with response to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was analyzed in patients with glioma. Dec1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 157 samples of newly diagnosed glioma and 63 recurrent glioblastoma cases that relapsed during TMZ chemotherapy.

Varioloid A, a new indolyl-6,10b-dihydro-5a-[1]benzofuro[2,3-]indole derivative from the marine alga-derived endophytic fungus EN-291.

A new indolyl-6,10b-dihydro-5a-[1]benzofuro[2,3-]indole derivative, varioloid A (), was isolated from the marine alga-derived endophytic fungus EN-291. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data and the absolute configuration was determined by time-dependent density functional theory-electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations. A similar compound, whose planar structure was previously described but the relative and absolute configurations and C NMR data were not reported, was also identified and was tentatively named as varioloid B ().

Three Diketopiperazine Alkaloids with Spirocyclic Skeletons and One Bisthiodiketopiperazine Derivative from the Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Penicillium brocae MA-231.

Four new diketopiperazines including spirobrocazines A-C (1-3) and brocazine G (4) were characterized from the mangrove-derived Penicillium brocae MA-231. Compounds 1 and 2 had a 6/5/6/5/6 cyclic system with a rare spirocyclic center at C-2. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis, TDDFT-ECD calculations, and X-ray diffraction.

Estrogen-like neuroprotection of isopsoralen against spinal cord injury through estrogen receptor ERα.

Isopsoralen is a type of furocoumarin that exhibits estrogen-like activities. The aim of this study was to determine the estrogen-like neuroprotection of isopsoralen in an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Results indicated that isopsoralen (intraperitoneal injection of 5 and 10 mg/kg per day for two weeks) significantly enhanced the hindlimb locomotor functions of mice with SCI, as revealed in the BMS score and angle of inclined plane tests.

Differentiation of pancreatic carcinoma and mass-forming focal pancreatitis: qualitative and quantitative assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI combined with diffusion-weighted imaging.

Differentiation between pancreatic carcinoma (PC) and mass-forming focal pancreatitis (FP) is invariably difficult. For the differential diagnosis, we qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in PC and FP in the present study. This study included 32 PC and 18 FP patients with histological confirmation who underwent DCE-MRI and DWI.

Analgesic effects of adenylyl cyclase inhibitor NB001 on bone cancer pain in a mouse model.

Background: Cancer pain, especially the one caused by metastasis in bones, is a severe type of pain. Pain becomes chronic unless its causes and consequences are resolved. With improvements in cancer detection and survival among patients, pain has been considered as a great challenge because traditional therapies are partially effective in terms of providing relief.

[Serum pharmacochemistry of honey-fried Stemona tuberosa Lour. by UHPLC-QTOF/MS and MetaboLynx analysis].

A high throughput UHPLC-QTOF/MS method was established to analyze and identify the constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of honey-fried Stemona tuberosa Lour. extract. Automated data analysis software MetaboLynx was developed in analysis and identification of the bioactive components and their metabolites in rat plasma following oral administration of honey-fried S.

[Optimization Study on the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal of Modified Two- sludge System Under the Condition of Low Carbon Source].

This paper explored the method of resolving insufficient carbon source in urban sewage by comparing and analyzing denitrification and phosphorus removal (NPR) effect between modified two-sludge system and traditional anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic process under the condition of low carbon source wastewater. The modified two-sludge system was the experimental reactor, which was optimized by adding two stages of micro-aeration (aeration rate 0.5 L · mm⁻¹) in the anoxic period of the original two-sludge system, and multi-stage anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic SBR was the control reactor.

Clinical efficacy and safety of autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of stem cells for the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant published clinical studies. A computerized search was conducted for randomized controlled trials of stem cell therapy for STEMI.

Rhizovarins A-F, Indole-Diterpenes from the Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Mucor irregularis QEN-189.

Genome mining of the fungus Mucor irregularis (formerly known as Rhizomucor variabilis) revealed the presence of various gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis, including several terpene-based clusters. Investigation into the chemical diversity of M. irregularis QEN-189, an endophytic fungus isolated from the fresh inner tissue of the marine mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa, resulted in the discovery of 20 structurally diverse indole-diterpenes including six new compounds, namely, rhizovarins A-F (1-6).

The genus Tuponia Reuter, 1875 of China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Exaeretini) with descriptions of three new species.

The species of Tuponia Reuter from China are reviewed. Three of them, T. gracilipedis, T.

Hepatitis C Virus Increases Free Fatty Acids Absorption and Promotes its Replication Via Down-Regulating GADD45α Expression.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, as a major cause of chronic hepatic diseases, is always accompanied with an abnormality of lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic role of free fatty acids (FFA) in human HCV infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood lipid indexes among HCV patients with different viral loads (199 samples) and healthy donors (80 samples) were detected by clinical biochemistry tests.

Isolation, Stereochemical Study, and Antioxidant Activity of Benzofuranone Derivatives from a Mangrove-derived Fungus Eurotium rubrum MA-150.

Enantiomers of a 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one derivative [(-)- and (+)-] and four known analogs () were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Eurotium rubrum MA-150, a fungus obtained from the mangrove-derived rizospheric soil. Their structures were established by detailed interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and the structure of (±)- was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The absolute configuration of the enantiomers (-)- and (+)- was determined by means of online high-performance liquid chromatography - electronic circular dichroism (HPLC-ECD) measurements and time-dependent Density Functional Theory - electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations.

[Mixture Leaching Remediation Technology of Arsenic Contaminated Soil].

Soil contamination of arsenic pollution has become a severely environmental issue, while soil leaching is an efficient method for remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil. In this study, batch tests were primarily conducted to select optimal mixture leaching combination. Firstly, five conventional reagents were selected and combined with each other.

Postnatal development of the electrophysiological properties of somatostatin interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice.

Somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play important roles in neuronal diseases, memory and cognitive functions. However, their development in the ACC remains unclear. Using postnatal day 3 (P3) to P45 GIN mice, we found that most of the intrinsic membrane properties of SST interneurons in the ACC were developmentally mature after the second postnatal week and that the development of these neurons differed from that of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the prefrontal cortex.

A novel translocator protein 18 kDa ligand, ZBD-2, exerts neuroprotective effects against acute spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) happens accidently and often leads to motor dysfunction due to a series of biochemical and pathological events and damage, either temporarily or permanently. Translocator protein 18 (TSPO) has been found to be involved in the synthesis of endogenous neurosteroids which have multiple effects on neurons, but the internal mechanisms are not clear. N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7,8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl) acetamide (ZBD-2), a newly reported ligand of TSPO, shows some neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemia in vivo and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.