Dual-Functional -CN@AgNPs Nanosheets-Based Chemiluminescence Immunosensor for PD-L1-Expressing Exosomes and Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes.

Precise classification of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) subtypes is very important for determining surgical necessity and strategy. There is an urgent need to develop a noninvasive and accurate method to improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. Programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1)-expressing exosomes are pivotal biomarkers for monitoring the LUAD progression.

Sprayable zwitterionic self-assembling powder for postoperative adhesion prevention.

Postoperative adhesions, a common complication resulting from surgical trauma, can lead to severe adverse outcomes. Current drug treatments and physical barriers are failed to solve adhesions due to their inherent limitations. In this study, we developed a novel sprayable powder-based drug delivery system, which could self-assemble into dynamically cross-linked zwitterionic hydrogels through the strong electrostatic interactions between polysulfobetaine (pSB) powder and polysulfobetaine-grafted hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HCP) nanogel powder.

Glucose as a dual-functional co-substrate in intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation systems: Synergistic enhancement of refractory organics mineralization and nitrate removal.

Nitrate contamination threatens water quality and human health; however, conventional denitrification treatment strategies struggle in complex wastewater due to the low bioavailability of refractory organics. The intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) system addresses this by transforming recalcitrant compounds into usable electron donors, enabling simultaneous nitrate and organic pollutant removal. This study demonstrates that adding a small dose of glucose (50 mg/L chemical oxygen demand) to the ICPB system enhanced performance by increasing organic mineralization from 53 % to 81 % and total nitrate and nitrite removal from 40 % to 93 %.

One-Pot Synthesis of -(4-Aminobutyl)--ethylisoluminol Doping Cuprous Oxide Nanocubes for Label-Free Chemiluminescence Immunoassay of Cardiac Troponin I.

In this study, a novel chemiluminescence (CL)-functionalized nanomaterial, designated as ABEI@CuO nanocubes, was synthesized by doping the CL reagent -(4-aminobutyl)--ethylisoluminol (ABEI) into CuO nanocubes via a simple one-pot method. The CuO nanocubes not only functioned as an effective nanocarrier but also exhibited peroxidase-like activity, promoting the decomposition of HO to enhance CL emission. The incorporation of ABEI into the CuO nanocubes resulted in the concentration of the CL reagent within the cubic structures, reducing the spatial distance between the catalyst and ABEI and, thereby, enhancing the CL signal.

Visualized chemiluminescence immunoassay for simultaneous detection of multiple lung cancer markers based on spatially resolved microfluidic paper chip device.

Lung cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer. Early detection and diagnosis can lower death rates, and variations in tumor markers can help assess cancer risk. In this work, a glow-type chemiluminescent (CL) hydrogel SCG-Co-luminol was synthesized by a simple approach, and this hydrogel was integrated with a 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device (3D μPAD) to develop a visual biosensor for identifying multiple lung cancer markers.

Transformation of dissolved organic matter during aquaculture wastewater treatment: Insights into the biological toxicity, spectral indices and molecular signatures.

China is a leading aquaculture producer globally and therefore, faces the critical challenge of effectively managing large volumes of aquaculture wastewater. In order to optimize treatment processes and evaluate the ecological risks from effluent discharge, it is important to understand the transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and identify the key toxic components throughout the treatment process. This study focused on the 'three ponds, two dams, one wetland' (3P-2D-1W) treatment system, which has been widely adopted as an aquaculture wastewater treatment approach in China, investigating DOM transformation throughout the treatment process via spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and biotoxicity analyses.

Relationship Between the Elastic Modulus of the Novel Pedicle Screw-Plate System and Biomechanical Properties Under Osteoporotic Condition: A Power-Law Regression Analysis Based on Parametric Finite Element Simulations.

Background And Objective: The novel pedicle screw-plate system (NPSPS) is a new internal fixation method for the thoracic spine that we proposed, which has demonstrated effectiveness through clinical practice and biomechanical testing. Nevertheless, the optimal elastic modulus of NPSPS (NPSPS-E) remains debated, particularly for osteoporosis patients. We propose a more efficient method to predict the biomechanical effects of NPSPS across varying elastic moduli in osteoporosis using parametric finite element (FE) analysis, establishing the regression relationship between NPSPS-E and biomechanical properties.

Unfolded protein responses in T cell immunity.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are integral to T cell biology, influencing immune responses and associated diseases. This review explores the interplay between the UPR and T cell immunity, highlighting the role of these cellular processes in T cell activation, differentiation, and function. The UPR, mediated by IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, is crucial for maintaining ER homeostasis and supporting T cell survival under stress.

Promoting macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells for effective cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer therapy has been revolutionized by immunotherapeutic agents exploiting adaptive antitumor immunity in the past two decades. However, the overall response rate of these immunotherapies is limited, and patients also develop resistance upon treatment, promoting a rapidly growing exploration of anti-tumor innate immunity for effective cancer therapy. Among these, macrophage immunotherapy through harnessing macrophage phagocytosis has been thrust into the spotlight due to its potential for simultaneously inducing cancer cell killing effect and mobilizing adaptive antitumor responses.

Strong and tough anisotropic short-chain chitosan-based hydrogels with optimized sensing properties for flexible strain sensors.

Conductive hydrogels are ideal candidates for developing flexible electronic devices, but they still cannot exhibit excellent strength, satisfactory toughness and high conductivity in sync, greatly limiting their further applications. Inspired by the structure-enhanced properties of natural tissues, we adopted a straightforward and efficient methodology for constructing strong and tough anisotropic short-chain chitosan-based hydrogels with salting-assisted tensile remodeling treatment. The anisotropic hydrogels present anisotropic mechanical and electrochemical performance due to the oriented arrangement of chitosan and P(AM-AA) macromolecular networks.

Trojan Horse Strategy for Wireless Electrical Stimulation-Induced Zn Release to Regulate Neural Stem Cell Differentiation for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.

Due to the uncertain differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), replenishing lost neurons by endogenous neural differentiation to repair spinal cord injury (SCI) remains challenging. The electrical stimulation-induced drug release is a promising approach for the localized and controlled release of drugs to regulate the differentiation of NSCs into neurons. Here, we developed Zn-PDA@BT nanoparticles acted as Trojan Horse to enter cells through endocytosis for Zn-controlled release therapy by the potentials generated by the piezoelectric effect.

Distinct RORγt-dependent Th17 immune responses are required for autoimmune pathogenesis and protection against bacterial infection.

T helper (Th)17 cells mediate both protective anti-bacterial immune responses and autoimmune pathogenesis, but the distinct pathways regulating these Th17 responses remain unclear. Retinoid-related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt) is a master transcription factor that governs Th17 cell generation and effector functions. We found that a K256R mutation in RORγt impairs Th17-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) without affecting the clearance of Citrobacter rodentium.

Synergistic removal of bio-recalcitrant organic compounds and nitrate: Coupling photocatalysis and biodegradation to enhance the bioavailability of electron donors.

Nitrate pollution poses significant threats to both aquatic ecosystems and human well-being, particularly due to eutrophication and increased risks of methemoglobinemia. Conventional treatment for nitrate-contaminated wastewater face challenges stemming from limited availability of carbon sources and the adverse impacts of toxins on denitrification processes. This study introduces an innovative Intimately Coupled Photocatalysis and Biodegradation (ICPB) system, which utilizes AgPO/BiTiO, denitrifying sludge, and polyurethane sponge within an anoxic environment.

Microbial community succession and responses to internal environmental drivers throughout the operation of constructed wetlands.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely used to ensure effective domestic wastewater treatment. Microorganisms-derived CWs have received extensive attention as they play a crucial role. However, research on the succession patterns of microbial communities and the influencing mechanisms of internal environmental factors throughout entire CW operations remains limited.

MHC1/LILRB1 axis as an innate immune checkpoint for cancer therapy.

Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have revolutionized cancer therapy through unleashing anti-tumor adaptive immunity. Despite that, they are usually effective only in a small subset of patients and relapse can occur in patients who initially respond to the treatment. Recent breakthroughs in this field have identified innate immune checkpoints harnessed by cancer cells to escape immunosurveillance from innate immunity.

Function of Steroid Receptor Coactivators in T Cells and Cancers: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family members (SRC1, SRC2 and SRC3) are transcriptional co-regulators. SRCs orchestrate gene transcription by inducing transactivation of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. Overexpression of SRCs is widely implicated in a range of cancers, especially hormone-related cancers.

Ultrasensitive PD-L1-Expressing Exosome Immunosensors Based on a Chemiluminescent Nickel-Cobalt Hydroxide Nanoflower for Diagnosis and Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)-expressing exosomes are considered a potential marker for diagnosis and classification of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). There is an urgent need to develop highly sensitive and accurate chemiluminescence (CL) immunosensors for the detection of PD-L1-expressing exosomes. Herein, N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisopropanol-functionalized nickel-cobalt hydroxide (NiCo-DH-AA) with a hollow nanoflower structure as a highly efficient CL nanoprobe was synthesized using gold nanoparticles as a "bridge".

Development and verification of a 10K liquid chip for Hainan black goat based on genotyping by pinpoint sequencing of liquid captured targets.

Background: China has thousands years of goat breeding and abundant goat genetic resources. Additionally, the Hainan black goat is one of the high-quality local goat breeds in China. In order to conserve the germplasm resources of the Hainan black goat, facilitate its genetic improvement and further protect the genetic diversity of goats, it is urgent to develop a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for Hainan black goat.

Comparison of one-hole split endoscopic discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disk herniation: a one-year retrospective cohort study.

Background: We aim to compare and assess the surgical parameters and follow-up information of one-hole split endoscopic discectomy (OSE) and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) in the treatment of LDH.

Methods: This study included 154 patients with degenerative lumbar disk disease. Sixty-eight patients underwent OSE and 86 patients MED.

Biomechanical assessment of different transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion constructs in normal and osteoporotic condition: a finite element analysis.

Background Context: With the aging population, osteoporosis, which leads to poor fusion, has become a common challenge for lumbar surgery. In addition, most people with osteoporosis are elderly individuals with poor surgical tolerance, and poor bone quality can also weaken the stability of internal fixation.

Purpose: This study compared the fixation strength of the bilateral traditional trajectory screw structure (TT-TT), the bilateral cortical bone trajectory screw structure (CBT-CBT), and the hybrid CBT-TT (CBT screws at the cranial level and TT screws at the caudal level) structure under different bone mineral density conditions.