Block-based compressive imaging with a swin transformer.

Block-based compressive imaging (BCI) is based on the compressive sensing principle, which uses a spatial light modulator and a low-resolution detector to perform parallel high-speed sampling, followed by super-resolution algorithm to reconstruct target image. When compared with traditional compressive imaging, BCI reduces the computational effort but introduces block artifacts. This paper proposes a data-driven deep neural network based on the swin transformer called SwinBCI, which introduces the local attention and shifted window mechanisms to improve the target image reconstruction quality.

Contrasting Roles of the Multiple Seas in East Asia on Population Divergence of (Smilacaceae).

Multiple seas in East Asia have played distinct roles during the Quaternary climatic cycles, which have repeatedly isolated and reconnected temperate forest species, while it remains unclear whether their roles differ. In this study, we used , a widely distributed species along the eastern coast of East Asia, to simultaneously evaluate the roles of multiple seas, including the East China Sea, the Yellow-Bohai Sea, the Korea-Tsushima Strait, and the Taiwan Strait, as geographic barriers and dispersal corridors during historical sea-level fluctuations. We employed Bayesian clustering analysis and demographic simulations to elucidate the genetic structure and evolutionary history.

Nutrient sensing in intestinal stem cell: Linking dietary nutrients to cellular metabolic regulation.

Diet and nutrition significantly influence health, largely by regulating intestinal nutrient absorption. The intestinal epithelium, as the primary site for nutrient uptake, undergoes continuous renewal driven by precise regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Nutrient sensing and metabolism are key determinants of ISC fate, making ISCs a central link between nutrient metabolism and the regulation of intestinal tissue renewal and homeostasis.

Effects of Intelligence Levels and Autistic Severity on Adaptive Functioning and Cognitive-Adaptive Functioning Gaps in School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to explore the underlying influencing factors of adaptive functioning and cognitive-adaptive functioning gaps in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Patients And Methods: Adaptive functioning of our subjects (n=107) were evaluated via Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) were applied to assess the intelligence levels and autistic severity of them, respectively.

Rationally designed anti-autophagy nanosystems for reversing the immunosuppressive network in the tumor environment.

Aims: To develop a nano-immunotherapy system combining autophagy inhibition and innate immune activation to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Materials & Methods: The pH-responsive polymer PC7A was utilized to co-deliver the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) and the STING agonist cyclic diguanylate (CDG), forming the CQCP nanosystem. In vitro and in vivo experiments evaluated autophagy inhibition, MHC-I expression, dendritic cell activation, tumor infiltration of lymphocytes, and survival in PDAC-bearing mice.

A Mn-Rh dual single-atom catalyst for inducing C-C cleavage: relay catalysis reversing chemoselectivity in C-H oxidation.

The integration of two entirely unrelated organic reactions into a novel reaction poses a formidable challenge. While diatomic catalysts (DACs) have exhibited promise as a framework for realizing this concept, the fusion of disparate organic reactions using DACs remains exceptionally uncommon. The reason for this is that there are often interactions between the two metal sites in DACs, which create new difficulties in catalyst design for already complex reaction systems.

Phosphorus-Doped Single Atom Copper Catalyst as a Redox Mediator in the Cathodic Reduction of Quinazolinones.

The use of clean electric energy to activate inert compounds has garnered significant attention. Homogeneous redox mediators (RMs) in organic electrosynthesis are effective platforms for this purpose. However, understanding the RM's electronic structure under operational conditions, electron transport processes at the electrode surface, and substrate adsorption-desorption dynamics remains challenging.

EGFR Mutation Rates Correlate with Age at Diagnosis and Tumor Characteristics in Patients with Pulmonary Ground-Glass Opacities.

Background: To clearly reveal the correlations between tumor characteristics, age at diagnosis, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rates in patients with pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGOs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1473 patients with GGOs between January 2015 and May 2020 from two cancer centers. The tumor characteristics and EGFR mutation rates were compared between different age groups.

Molecular Synergistic Effects Mediate Efficient Interfacial Chemistry: Enabling Dendrite-Free Zinc Anode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The primary cause of the accelerated battery failure in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is the uncontrollable evolution of the zinc metal-electrolyte interface. In the present research on the development of multiadditives to ameliorate interfaces, it is challenging to elucidate the mechanisms of the various components. Additionally, the synergy among additive molecules is frequently disregarded, resulting in the combined efficacy of multiadditives that is unlikely to surpass the sum of each component.

[Construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories for fermentation production of retinol].

Retinol is one of the main active forms of vitamin A, crucial for the organism's growth, development, and maintenance of eye and skin functions. It is widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and feed additives. Although animals lack a complete pathway for synthesizing vitamin A internally, they can obtain vitamin A directly through diet or convert β-carotene acquired from the diet.

Advancing Heterogeneous Organic Synthesis With Coordination Chemistry-Empowered Single-Atom Catalysts.

For traditional metal complexes, intricate chemistry is required to acquire appropriate ligands for controlling the electron and steric hindrance of metal active centers. Comparatively, the preparation of single-atom catalysts is much easier with more straightforward and effective accesses for the arrangement and control of metal active centers. The presence of coordination atoms or neighboring functional atoms on the supports' surface ensures the stability of metal single-atoms and their interactions with individual metal atoms substantially regulate the performance of metal active centers.

Metabolomic-based analysis reveals bile acid-mediated ovarian failure induced by low temperature in zebrafish.

As ectotherms, fish are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can profoundly impact their reproductive cycles. In this study, we investigated the fertility and histological characteristics of zebrafish ( ) ovaries exposed to a temperature gradient ranging from the thermopreferendum temperature of the species, 27°C, to lower temperatures of 22°C, 20°C, and 13°C over a period of two weeks. Comparative metabolomic (six biological replicates for each temperature) and transcriptomic (four biological replicates for each temperature) analyses were conducted under the four temperature conditions.

Myeloid Cell-Triggered In Situ Cell Engineering for Robust Vaccine-Based Cancer Treatment.

Following the success of the dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, the cell-based tumor vaccine shows its promise as a vaccination strategy. Except for DC cells, targeting other immune cells, especially myeloid cells, is expected to address currently unmet clinical needs (e.g.

Organocatalyst Supported by a Single-Atom Support Accelerates both Electrodes used in the Chlor-Alkali Industry via Modification of Non-Covalent Interactions.

Consuming one of the largest amount of electricity, the chlor-alkali industry supplies basic chemicals for society, which mainly consists of two reactions, hydrogen evolution (HER) and chlorine evolution reaction (CER). Till now, the state-of-the-art catalyst applied in this field is still the dimensional stable anode (DSA), which consumes a large amount of noble metal of Ru and Ir. It is thus necessary to develop new types of catalysts.

Vascular endothelial growth factor B improves impaired glucose tolerance through insulin-mediated inhibition of glucagon secretion.

Background: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a homeostatic state between euglycemia and hyperglycemia and is considered an early high-risk state of diabetes. When IGT occurs, insulin sensitivity decreases, causing a reduction in insulin secretion and an increase in glucagon secretion. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) has been demonstrated to play a positive role in improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Copper-Metallized Porous N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand Polymer-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective 1,2-Carboboration of Alkynes.

Alkenylboronates are highly versatile building blocks and valuable reagents in the synthesis of complex molecules. Compared with that of monosubstituted alkenylboronates, the synthesis of multisubstituted alkenylboronates is challenging. The copper-catalyzed carboboration of alkynes is an operationally simple and straightforward method for synthesizing bis/trisubstituted alkenylboronates.

Single-Atom Manganese-Catalyzed Oxygen Evolution Drives the Electrochemical Oxidation of Silane to Silanol.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), characterized by a four-electron transfer kinetic process, represents a significant bottleneck in improving the efficiency of hydrogen production from water electrolysis. Consequently, extensive research efforts have been directed towards identifying single-atom electrocatalysts with exceptional OER performance. Despite the comprehensive understanding of the OER mechanism, its application to other valuable synthetic reactions has been limited.

Accelerating the Hydrogen Production via Modifying the Fermi Surface.

The design of catalysts has attracted a great deal of attention in the field of electrocatalysis. The accurate design of the catalysts can avoid an unnecessary process that occurs during the blind trial. Based on the interaction between different metal species, a metallic compound supported by the carbon nanotube was designed.

Identification of a Self-Assembling Small-Molecule Cancer Vaccine Adjuvant with an Improved Toxicity Profile.

Protein or peptide cancer vaccines usually include immune potentiators, so-called adjuvants. However, it remains challenging to identify structurally simple, chemically accessible synthetic molecules that are effective and safe as vaccine adjuvant. Here, we present cholicamideβ (), a self-assembling small-molecule vaccine adjuvant with an improved toxicity profile and proven efficacy .

PARP-1: a critical regulator in radioprotection and radiotherapy-mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities.

Since its discovery, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has been extensively studied due to its regulatory role in numerous biologically crucial pathways. PARP inhibitors have opened new therapeutic avenues for cancer patients and have gained approval as standalone treatments for certain types of cancer. With continued advancements in the research of PARP inhibitors, we can fully realize their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases.

Interface-Mediated Mechanoluminescence Enhancement from Heterojunction Phosphors: Experiment and Theory.

Mechanoluminescence (ML) phosphors have made significant progress in various fields, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and biotechnology. However, enhancing their weak ML intensity still remains a challenge. Here, we report a new series of NaMgNbO:Pr ( = 0.

[Construction of cell factories for production of patchoulol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

Patchoulol is an important sesquiterpenoid in the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin, and is also considered to be the main contributing component to the pharmacological efficacy and fragrance of P. cablin oil, which has antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, and other biological activities. Currently, patchoulol and its essential oil blends are in high demand worldwide, but the traditional plant extraction method has many problems such as wasting land and polluting the environment.

CO-mediated organocatalytic chlorine evolution under industrial conditions.

During the chlor-alkali process, in operation since the nineteenth century, electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions generates chlorine and sodium hydroxide that are both important for chemical manufacturing. As the process is very energy intensive, with 4% of globally produced electricity (about 150 TWh) going to the chlor-alkali industry, even modest efficiency improvements can deliver substantial cost and energy savings. A particular focus in this regard is the demanding chlorine evolution reaction, for which the state-of-the-art electrocatalyst is still the dimensionally stable anode developed decades ago.

Tuning Stiffness with Granular Chain Structures for Versatile Soft Robots.

Stiffness variation can greatly enhance soft robots' load capacity and compliance. Jamming methods are widely used where stiffness variation is realized by jamming of particles, layers, or fibers. It is still challenging to make the variable stiffness components lightweight and adaptive.