Comprehensive analysis of genomic loci associated with glaucousness in wheat ( L.) through Genome-wide association study.

Unlabelled: Wheat ( L.) is one of the most important cultivated cereal grain crop. The yield and productivity of wheat are profoundly affected by abiotic stresses like drought.

Speed breeding 3.0: mainstreaming light-driven plant breeding for sustainable genetic gains.

Advances in photobiological tools are revolutionizing plant breeding by enabling precise control of light parameters, addressing yield stagnation, and mitigating climate challenges. Full-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and optimized light protocols have significantly reduced breeding cycles. This review highlights light-driven strategies that are accessible and practical for plant breeders worldwide including the role of light spectrum, intensity, and photoperiod in acceleration of plant growth in both short- and long-day crops.

Viral Challenges in Wheat: Comprehensive Diagnosis and Innovative Management Approaches.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop cultivated globally, providing essential nutrition to billions. However, viral diseases pose a major challenge, causing yield losses of up to 80% and significant economic damage.

Future flooding tolerant rice germplasm: Resilience afforded beyond Sub1A gene.

Developing high-yielding, flood-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties is essential for enhancing productivity and livelihoods in flood-prone ecologies. We explored genetic avenues beyond the well-known SUB1A gene to improve flood resilience in rice.

Superior haplotypes of genes associated with higher grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress in rice.

Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive stage drought tolerance (RSDT) requires bridging genomic variations with phenotype. This study employed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 450 rice accessions for grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress across three locations and two seasons. Results revealed 67 marker-trait associations (MTAs) that corresponded to 23 candidate genes.

Genome-wide association analysis in identification of superior haplotypes for vegetative stage drought stress tolerance in rice.

Unlabelled: Water availability is the most critical factor limiting rice yield in rainfed agro-ecosystems. Drought stress during the vegetative stage inhibits key growth processes, such as leaf formation and tillering, significantly impacting yield. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of vegetative stage drought tolerance and identify QTLs and genes associated with it through GWAS.

Unveiling genetic basis of seedling emergence from deep soil depth under dry direct- seeded conditions in rice ( L.).

Water scarcity and labor shortage pose significant challenges in rice farming. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is an efficient method that conserves water, reduces labor costs, and allows for full mechanization of cultivation. However, variable planting depth in undulated field leading to deep/shallow sowing of rice seeds during mechanical sowing presents a major hurdle, as existing varieties lack tolerance to deep sowing.

Mapping genomic regions for reproductive stage drought tolerance in rice from exotic landrace-derived population.

In the rapid climate change scenario and subsequent rainfall patterns, drought has emerged as a bottleneck for crop production across crops, especially in rainfed rice. Drought significantly affects the development and production of most modern rice cultivars. Thus, recent breeding efforts have aimed to integrate drought tolerance traits in existing rice varieties through conventional and molecular approaches.

Superior haplotypes towards the development of blast and bacterial blight-resistant rice.

Rice blast and bacterial leaf blight, are major disease, significantly threatens rice yield in all rice growing regions under favorable conditions and identification of resistance genes and their superior haplotypes is a potential strategy for effectively managing and controlling this devastating disease. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse set of 147 rice accessions for blast and bacterial blight diseases in replications. Results revealed 23 (9 for blast and 14 for BLB) significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) that corresponded to 107 and 210 candidate genes for blast and BLB, respectively.

Genetic gains in IRRI's rice salinity breeding and elite panel development as a future breeding resource.

Estimating genetic gains and formulating a future salinity elite breeding panel for rice pave the way for developing better high-yielding salinity tolerant lines with enhanced genetic gains. Genetic gain is a crucial parameter to check the breeding program's success and help optimize future breeding strategies for enhanced genetic gains. To estimate the genetic gains in IRRI's salinity breeding program and identify the best genotypes based on high breeding values for grain yield (kg/ha), we analyzed the historical data from the trials conducted in the IRRI, Philippines and Bangladesh.

Multi-model genome-wide association studies for appearance quality in rice.

Improving the quality of the appearance of rice is critical to meet market acceptance. Mining putative quality-related genes has been geared towards the development of effective breeding approaches for rice. In the present study, two SL-GWAS (CMLM and MLM) and three ML-GWAS (FASTmrEMMA, mrMLM, and FASTmrMLM) genome-wide association studies were conducted in a subset of 3K-RGP consisting of 198 rice accessions with 553,831 SNP markers.

Extreme trait GWAS (Et-GWAS): Unraveling rare variants in the 3,000 rice genome.

Identifying high-impact, rare genetic variants associated with specific traits is crucial for crop improvement. The 3,010 rice genome (3K RG) dataset offers a valuable resource for discovering genomic regions with potential applications in crop breeding. We used Extreme Trait GWAS (Et-GWAS), employing bulk pooling and allele frequency measurement to efficiently extract rare variants from the 3K RG.

Manipulating epigenetic diversity in crop plants: Techniques, challenges and opportunities.

Epigenetic modifications act as conductors of inheritable alterations in gene expression, all while keeping the DNA sequence intact, thereby playing a pivotal role in shaping plant growth and development. This review article presents an overview of techniques employed to investigate and manipulate epigenetic diversity in crop plants, focusing on both naturally occurring and artificially induced epialleles. The significance of epigenetic modifications in facilitating adaptive responses is explored through the examination of how various biotic and abiotic stresses impact them.

SpeedFlower: a comprehensive speed breeding protocol for indica and japonica rice.

To increase rice yields and feed billions of people, it is essential to enhance genetic gains. However, the development of new varieties is hindered by longer generation times and seasonal constraints. To address these limitations, a speed breeding facility has been established and a robust speed breeding protocol, SpeedFlower is developed that allows growing 4-5 generations of indica and/or japonica rice in a year.

Mapping of QTLs and meta-QTLs for Heterodera avenae Woll. resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: In hexaploid wheat, quantitative trait loci (QTL) and meta-QTL (MQTL) analyses were conducted to identify genomic regions controlling resistance to cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera avenae. A mapping population comprising 149 RILs derived from the cross HUW 468 × C 306 was used for composite interval mapping (CIM) and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM).

Results: Eight main effect QTLs on three chromosomes (1B, 2A and 3A) were identified using two repeat experiments.

Intraoperative Navigated Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Guidance Improves Resection in Gliomas Compared with Standard Two-Dimensional Ultrasound-Results from a Comparative Cohort Study.

Objective: Intraoperative ultrasound is a promising tool for intraoperative tumor resection control. Navigated three-dimensional US (n3DUS) has many benefits over standard two-dimensional US (2DUS).

Methods: Two cohorts (2DUS and n3DUS) of patients with histologically confirmed adult diffuse gliomas undergoing US-guided resection control were compared.

Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Introgression Lines with Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight and Blast in Rice.

The present study evaluates marker assisted forward breeding (MAFB)-derived disease resistant introgression lines (ILs) which do not have the targeted resistance genes for bacterial blight () and blast ( + ). The ILs were derived in the background of two elite rice cultivars, Krishna Hamsa [Recurrent Parent 1 (RP1)] and WGL 14 (RP2), involving multi-parent inter-crossing. Molecular characterization with gene specific markers for seven reported resistance genes each for bacterial blight (, , , , , and ) and blast (, , , , , and ) revealed the presence of and , in addition to the targeted , and for bacterial blight resistance and , , , , and , in addition to the targeted and , for blast resistance in various combinations.

Implications of use of different intraoperative ultrasound modalities during glioma surgery - A comparative study of factors affecting outcomes.

Background: The main goal of glioma surgery is to remove the maximum amount of tumor without worsening the patient's neurological condition. Intraoperative ultrasound (US) imaging technologies (2D and 3D) are available to assist surgeons, providing real-time updates. Considering additional time, personnel, and cost, we investigate if comparable outcomes can be achieved using basic (2D) and advanced (3D) technology.

WheatQTLdb V2.0: a supplement to the database for wheat QTL.

We recently developed a database for hexaploid wheat QTL (WheatQTLdb; www.wheatqtldb.net), which included 11,552 QTL affecting various traits of economic importance.

Baseline neurocognitive dysfunction is ubiquitous in intrinsic brain tumors- results from a large Indian cohort of patients and analysis of factors associated with domain-specific dysfunction.

Background: Neurocognitive function (NCF) before surgery is an important marker of baseline performance in patients with brain tumors. Increasingly, neurocognitive deficits (NCD) have been demonstrated in a high proportion of patients. Selection bias (patient, tumor, and surgical procedure related) may influence the prevalence and type of domains involved in patients with gliomas.

Identification of genomic regions associated with cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) resistance in spring and winter wheat.

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is a major threat to cereal crop production globally including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the present study, single-locus and multi-locus models of Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) were used to find marker trait associations (MTAs) against CCN (Heterodera avenae) in wheat.