KBNet: A Language and Vision Fusion Multi-Modal Framework for Rice Disease Segmentation.

High-quality disease segmentation plays a crucial role in the precise identification of rice diseases. Although the existing deep learning methods can identify the disease on rice leaves to a certain extent, these methods often face challenges in dealing with multi-scale disease spots and irregularly growing disease spots. In order to solve the challenges of rice leaf disease segmentation, we propose KBNet, a novel multi-modal framework integrating language and visual features for rice disease segmentation, leveraging the complementary strengths of CNN and Transformer architectures.

DKWM-XLSTM: A Carbon Trading Price Prediction Model Considering Multiple Influencing Factors.

Forestry carbon sinks play a crucial role in mitigating climate change and protecting ecosystems, significantly contributing to the development of carbon trading systems. Remote sensing technology has become increasingly important for monitoring carbon sinks, as it allows for precise measurement of carbon storage and ecological changes, which are vital for forecasting carbon prices. Carbon prices fluctuate due to the interaction of various factors, exhibiting non-stationary characteristics and inherent uncertainties, making accurate predictions particularly challenging.

A high-precision segmentation method for rubber tree stone cells.

Stone cells constitute a significant portion of rubber tree bark and are associated with key traits, including bark cracking, hardness, stress resistance, and latex yield. Lack of a fast and accurate method to identify stone cells in rubber tree bark and further for quantifying distribution and area proportion restricts the study of stone cells in the bark of the rubber tree. We propose an automatic segmentation network for rubber tree stone cells based on image recognition, termed CGWO-LWNet.

Assessing cerebral microvascular pulsatility using flow pulsatile-resolved pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI.

Purpose: To develop a flow pulsatile-resolved pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (FPR-pCASL) technique for noninvasively assessing cerebral microvascular pulsatility.

Methods: In FPR-pCASL, a pCASL sequence with single-shot three-dimensional gradient and spin echo acquisition was performed while simultaneously recording cardiac pulse signals using a pulse oximeter, and the pCASL images were retrospectively binned into multiple cardiac phases to resolve pulsatile microvascular blood flow. Both numerical simulations and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the confounding factors of cardiac-induced variations of labeling efficiency and arterial transit time on pCASL signal fluctuations.

Simultaneous Assessment of Arterial Pulsatility Across Multiple Segments of Cerebral Arteries Using Multiband Dual-VENC Phase-Contrast MRI.

In this work, we proposed a multiband dual-VENC 2D PC-MRI technique termed MB-DV PC-MRI to simultaneously measure arterial pulsatility across multiple cerebral arterial segments, including both proximal greater and distal smaller arteries. A multiband SINC RF pulse was designed to simultaneously excite multiple slices with varied gaps between adjacent slices in MB-DV PC-MRI. A retrospectively gated MB-DV PC-MRI sequence was performed on 11 young (29.

Dietary changes and uneven sanitation systems widen urban-rural health environment efficiency disparity.

Diets have synergistic effects on human health and environmental pollution, comprehensively revealing their impact mechanisms is crucial for promoting health-and environment-friendly diets. This study proposes a Health-Environment Efficiency (HEE) indicator, defined as the ratio of health benefits to diet-related reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions, to reveal the environmental cost of supporting human health through diets in urban and rural China from 1980 to 2022. Although dietary changes improved health benefits in both areas, per capita Nr emissions increased by 17.

MECOPE: Multifocal excitation compressive-sensing photoacoustic endomicroscopy through a multimode fibre.

Photoacoustic endoscopy has gained intensive research interest in recent years, particularly for guiding minimally invasive procedures in several clinical disciplines including oncology, cardiology and fetal medicine. Multimode fibres hold the potential to revolutionise medical endoscopy with ultrathin size and micrometre-level resolution. Compared to conventional endomicroscopes based on multi-core fibre bundles, multimode fibres-based endoscopes offer significantly higher spatial resolution, smaller diameters, and lower costs.

Chemical composition and functional properties of protein-polyphenol complexes from purple rice: Effects of alkaline and enzymatic extraction.

Protein-polyphenol complexes have attracted increasing attention in the development of novel food ingredients owing to their potential health benefits. Purple rice (Oryza Sativa L.) is rich in proteins and polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins.

Effectiveness of Telehealth-Based Exercise Interventions for Patients With Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Aim: To explore the effects of telehealth-based exercise interventions on balance, motor function, walking ability and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with stroke.

Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Methods: This meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was reported to follow the PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines.

6'-O-caffeoylarbutin attenuates D-galactose-induced brain and liver damage in aging mice via regulating SIRT1/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Aging-related liver and brain damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation significantly impacts health and quality of life. Natural bioactive compounds, such as 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin (CA), which is primarily distributed in Vaccinium species, have been studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the protective effect on liver and brain damage induced by D-galactose (D-gal) in mice and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms.

Seeing through multimode fibers using real-valued intensity transmission matrix with deep learning.

Multimode fibers (MMFs) are emerging as a highly attractive technology for applications in biomedical endoscopy and telecommunications, thanks to their ability to transmit images and data through a large number of transverse optical modes. However, light transmission through MMFs suffers from distortions caused by mode dispersion and coupling. While recent deep learning advancements have shown potential for improving image transmission through MMFs, these methods typically require an extensive training dataset and often exhibit limited generalization capability.

Functional Hydrogel Interfaces for Cartilage and Bone Regeneration.

Effective treatment of bone diseases is quite tricky due to the unique nature of bone tissue and the complexity of the bone repair process. In combination with biological materials, cells and biological factors can provide a highly effective and safe treatment strategy for bone repair and regeneration, especially based on these multifunctional hydrogel interface materials. However, itis still a challenge to formulate hydrogel materials with fascinating properties (e.

Highly accelerated non-contrast-enhanced time-resolved 4D MRA using stack-of-stars golden-angle radial acquisition with a self-calibrated low-rank subspace reconstruction.

Purpose: To develop a highly accelerated non-contrast-enhanced 4D-MRA technique by combining stack-of-stars golden-angle radial acquisition with a modified self-calibrated low-rank subspace reconstruction.

Methods: A low-rank subspace reconstruction framework was introduced in radial 4D MRA (SUPER 4D MRA) by combining stack-of-stars golden-angle radial acquisition with control-label k-space subtraction-based low-rank subspace modeling. Radial 4D MRA data were acquired and reconstructed using the proposed technique on 12 healthy volunteers and 1 patient with steno-occlusive disease.

Selenomethionine supplementation mitigates fluoride-induced liver apoptosis and inflammatory reactions by blocking Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mice.

As an environmental pollutant, fluoride-induced liver damage is directly linked to mitochondrial alteration and oxidative stress. Selenium's antioxidant capacity has been shown to alleviate liver damage. Emerging research proves that E3 ubiquitin ligase Park2 (Parkin)-mediated mitophagy may be a therapeutic target for fluorosis.

The role of NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-2 in liver metabolic stress through regulating pyruvate kinase M2 ubiquitination.

NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt2 is involved in mammalian metabolic activities, matching energy demand with energy production and expenditure, and is relevant to a variety of metabolic diseases. Here, we constructed Sirt2 knockout and adeno-associated virus overexpression mice and found that deletion of hepatic Sirt2 accelerated primary obesity and insulin resistance in mice with concomitant hepatic metabolic dysfunction. However, the key targets of Sirt2 are unknown.

Graduate Student Literature Review: Network of flavor compounds formation and influence factors in yogurt.

Yogurt is popular as a natural and healthy food, but its flavor greatly affects acceptability by consumers. Flavor compounds of yogurt are generally produced by the metabolism of lactose, protein, and fat, and the resulting flavors include carbonyls, acids, esters, alcohols, and so on. Each flavor compound can individually provide the corresponding flavor, or it can be combined with other compounds to form a new flavor.

Investigation on the mechanism of androsta-4,6,8,14-tetraene-3,11,16-trione against acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Steroids are potential anti-leukemia agents, and Epigynum auritum is a Yunnan folk medicine with high levels of androsterone, pregnane, and steroid derivatives. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of androsta-4,6,8,14-tetraene-3,11,16-trione (ATT), an androsterone isolated from Epigynum auritum, is not yet clear. This study aimed to explore the anti-leukemia mechanism of ATT using molecular biology, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology.

The influences of extraction methods on the chemical constituents of Lyonia ovalifolia (wall.) Drude and intracellular protective effects based on metabolomics analysis.

Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude (LO) is mainly distributed in China with health benefits. In this study, LO buds (LOB) were extracted by ultrasonic extraction (UE) with or without ultra-high-pressure (UHP-UE), microwave (MW-UE), subcritical (SC-UE) techniques.

Protective Effect of Que Zui Tea on d-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage in Mice via Regulating SIRT1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Que Zui tea (QT) is an important herbal tea in the diet of the 'Yi' people, an ethnic group in China, and it has shown significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects in vitro. This study aims to explore the protective effects of the aqueous-ethanol extract (QE) taken from QT against ᴅ-galactose (ᴅ-gal)-induced oxidative stress damage in mice and its potential mechanisms. QE was identified as UHPLC-HRMS/MS for its chemical composition and possible bioactive substances.

Assessment of arterial pulsatility of cerebral perforating arteries using 7T high-resolution dual-VENC phase-contrast MRI.

Purpose: Directly imaging the function of cerebral perforating arteries could provide valuable insight into the pathology of cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVD). Arterial pulsatility has been identified as a useful biomarker for assessing vascular dysfunction. In this study, we investigate the feasibility and reliability of using dual velocity encoding (VENC) phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) to measure the pulsatility of cerebral perforating arteries at 7 T.

Silent information regulator 2 deficiency exacerbates chronic cold exposure-induced colonic injury and p65 activation in mice.

Cold is a common stressor that threatens colonic health by affecting internal homeostasis. From the literature, Silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2) may have important roles during cold stress, but this conjecture requires investigation. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the effects of SIRT2 on colonic injury in chronically cold-exposure mice.

Calcium supplementation attenuates fluoride-induced bone injury via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis in mice.

Excessive consumption of fluoride can cause skeletal fluorosis. Mitophagy has been identified as a novel target for bone disorders. Meanwhile, calcium supplementation has shown great potential for mitigating fluoride-related bone damage.

A Comparative Analysis of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Effects of Hook Fractions with Different Polarities.

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of various polar fractions obtained from Hook (DH). First, a 90% ethanol-aqueous extract of DH (CF) was subjected to sequential fractionation using different organic solvents, resulting in the isolation of a methylene chloride fraction (DF), an ethyl acetate fraction (EF), an n-butanol fraction (BF), and a remaining water fraction (WF) after condensation. Additionally, the CF was also subjected to column chromatography via a D101 macroreticular resin column, eluted with ethanol-aqueous solution to yield six fractions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%).

Synthesis, anti-leukemia activity, and molecular docking of novel 3,16-androstenedione derivatives.

In this study, we synthesized androsta-4,14-diene-3,16-dione, 12β-hydroxyandrosta-4,14-diene-3,16-dione, and other 3,16-androstenedione derivatives from commercially available dehydroepiandrosterone as a starting material in 9-13 steps with high yields. The bioactivity of the obtained compounds was evaluated. Compounds 14a and 23a were shown to have high antitumor activity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines Nalm-6 and BALL-1, respectively.