Mechanistic evaluation of Clerodendrum serratum anti-biofilm potency against Mycobacterium species.

Biofilm formation in Mycobacterium species significantly contributes to their pathogenicity and resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapies, posing a major challenge in clinical management. Plant-derived phytoconstituents have emerged as promising alternatives due to their diverse biological activities, including anti-biofilm properties. Clerodendrum serratum, a medicinal plant known for antimicrobial potential, offers a rich source of such bioactive compounds.

Risk assessment in sociotechnical systems based on functional resonance analysis method and hierarchical fuzzy inference tree.

Effective risk assessment is crucial for ensuring safety and preventing severe consequences in complex socio-technical systems. Traditional probabilistic risk assessment methods have limitations in capturing the systemic complexities and the role of human operators, necessitating the advancement of methodologies. The present study aims to develop a comprehensive risk assessment methodology tailored for complex socio-technical systems, integrating the functional resonance analysis method, soft computing, natural language processing, and multi-criteria decision-making.

Analysing accident trends and safety factors in scrap-based steelmaking plants: a case study from Punjab, India (2017-2022).

This study identifies and analyses the primary elements contributing to accidents in scrap-based steelmaking plants in the Punjab state of India as a typical case study. The collected data for 2017-2022 from different scrap-based steelmaking plants were analysed utilizing Boston square matrix, Pareto chart, Ishikawa diagram and Poisson-distribution-based control chart analysis. The results revealed that fatal accidents contributed to around 13% of total accidents.

Recent advances in inhibitor development and metabolic targeting in tuberculosis therapy.

Despite being a preventable and treatable disease, tuberculosis (TB) remained the second leading infectious cause of death globally in 2022, surpassed only by COVID-19. The death rate from TB is influenced by numerous factors that include antibiotic drug resistance, noncompliance with chemotherapy by patients, concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, delayed diagnosis, varying effectiveness of the Bacille-Calmette-Guerin vaccine, and other factors. Even with the recent advances in our knowledge of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the accessibility of advanced genomic tools such as proteomics and microarrays, alongside modern methodologies, the pursuit of next-generation inhibitors targeting distinct or multiple molecular pathways remains essential to combat the increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Sustainable groundwater management through water quality index and geochemical insights in Valsad India.

Groundwater quality assessment is crucial for sustainable water resource management and public health protection. This study evaluated the Water Quality Index (WQI) of groundwater in the southern part of Gujarat focusing on the Valsad District. Groundwater in this region occurs in porous, unconsolidated formations and fracture formations, both under groundwater table conditions and confined aquifers.

Bowen's Disease of the Labia Majora: A Rare Case.

Bowen's disease is a non-melanocytic in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the epidermis. Having a multifactorial etiology, its incidence has been found to be the highest in Caucasians. It commonly occurs as a solitary lesion in the elderly on the photoexposed areas of the skin, mainly in the head and neck region.

Comparative assessment of empirical and hybrid machine learning models for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration in sub-humid and semi-arid climates.

Improving the accuracy of reference evapotranspiration (RET) estimation is essential for effective water resource management, irrigation planning, and climate change assessments in agricultural systems. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM-FAO56) model, a widely endorsed approach for RET estimation, often encounters limitations due to the lack of complete meteorological data. This study evaluates the performance of eight empirical models and four machine learning (ML) models, along with their hybrid counterparts, in estimating daily RET within the Gharb and Loukkos irrigated perimeters in Morocco.

Distal infusion stomal enteroclysis: An effective technique to manage postoperative enterostomal output.

Background: High output enterostomy leads to malnutrition and fluid/electrolyte loss which may be challenging to manage despite dietary modification, anti-motility, anti-secretory drugs, and parenteral nutrition. Distal infusion stomal enteroclysis (DISE) is an alternative to restore nutritional deficit and replace parenteral nutrition in resource-limited settings where treatment cost and availability of trained nurses are limiting factors.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of DISE in managing postoperative enterostomal output.

Mycobacterial biofilms: Understanding the genetic factors playing significant role in pathogenesis, resistance and diagnosis.

Even though the genus Mycobacterium is a diverse group consisting of a majority of environmental bacteria known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it also contains some of the deadliest pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in history associated with chronic disease called tuberculosis (TB). Formation of biofilm is one of the unique strategies employed by mycobacteria to enhance their ability to survive in hostile conditions. Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium species is an emerging area of research with significant implications for understanding its pathogenesis and treatment of related infections, specifically TB.

Aerosol-PM2.5 Dynamics: In-situ and satellite observations under the influence of regional crop residue burning in post-monsoon over Delhi-NCR, India.

The increasing air pollution in the urban atmosphere is adversely impacts the environment, climate and human health. The alarming degradation of air quality, atmospheric conditions, economy and human life due to air pollution needs significant in-depth studies to ascertain causes, contributions and impacts for developing and implementing an effective policy to combat these issues. This work lies in its multifaceted approach towards comprehensive understanding and mitigating severe pollution episodes in Delhi and its surrounding areas.

Evaluation of Surface Water Quality in the Betwa River Basin through the Water Quality Index Model and Multivariate Statistical Techniques.

The Betwa River Basin (BRB), a sub-basin of the River Yamuna, is the oldest flowing water system in Central India. The water quality of the rivers are under stress, hence regular monitoring and appraisal is required to know the health of the rivers. Factor analysis and principal component analysis (FA/PCA) multivariate statistical techniques were used to extract three and four varimax factors that explained 96.

Noncanonical interaction with microtubules via the N-terminal nonmotor domain is critical for the functions of a bidirectional kinesin.

Several kinesin-5 motors (kinesin-5s) exhibit bidirectional motility. The mechanism of such motility remains unknown. Bidirectional kinesin-5s share a long N-terminal nonmotor domain (NTnmd), absent in exclusively plus-end-directed kinesins.

Land cover and crop types mapping using different spatial resolution imagery in a Mediterranean irrigated area.

Crop type identification is critical for agricultural sustainability policy development and environmental assessments. Therefore, it is important to obtain their spatial distribution via different approaches. Medium-, high- and very high-resolution optical satellite sensors are efficient tools for acquiring this information, particularly for challenging studies such as those conducted in heterogeneous agricultural fields.

Giant anterior abdominal wall desmoid tumor successfully managed with abdominal wall reconstruction.

Anterior abdominal wall fibromatosis is a benign soft tissue tumor that is rare, but fast-growing with minimal chances of malignant change. We report a young female with a large abdominal swelling which on evaluation was provisionally diagnosed as anterior abdominal wall fibromatosis on imaging and confirmed by histopathology. She was successfully managed with resection of the tumor with a challenging abdominal wall reconstruction with bilateral inferiorly based external oblique muscle flap followed by a mesh repair.

Adult Midgut Malrotation With Chronic Volvulus With Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) Thrombosis: A Recherche.

Intestinal malrotation is primarily a surgical condition of neonates due to abnormal intestinal rotation during fetal development. Usually, the presentation is immediately after birth. Adult midgut malrotation is rare and primarily detected at laparotomy or incidental radiological imaging for various conditions.

Role of site-site interaction on the phase equilibria of multiple-site associating fluids in a functionalized slit pore.

Vapor-liquid phase equilibria for multiple sites associating fluids with different associating strengths are investigated in a slit pore using grand-canonical transition matrix Monte Carlo method. The increase of critical temperature from two-site to four-site associating fluids at constant site strength is quite significant as compared to that of the one-site to two-site associating fluids, which is more pronounced at higher associating strength (* = 6). Monomer fraction and cluster size distribution are used to investigate the association of fluid particles in coexistence phases.

Future prediction of water balance using the SWAT and CA-Markov model using INMCM5 climate projections: a case study of the Silwani watershed (Jharkhand), India.

The aim of this research was to simulate the future water balance of the Silwani watershed, Jharkhand, India, under the combined effect of land use and climate change based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov Chain model. The future climate prediction was done based on daily bias-corrected datasets of the INMCM5 climate model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585 (SSP585), which represent the fossil fuel development of the world. After a successful model run, water balance components like surface runoff, groundwater contribution to stream flow, and ET were simulated.

Defining Critical View of Safety During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: The Preoperative Predictors of Failure.

Background Defining critical view of safety (CVS) is one of the most crucial steps during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study aimed to determine the preoperative predictors of failure to achieve CVS during LC. Methods All patients undergoing LC from December 2020 to July 2022 were prospectively included.

Modeling of land use change under the recent climate projections of CMIP6: a case study of Indian river basin.

The aim of the study was to investigate the land use change dynamics under CMIP6 projections using Land Change Modeler (LCM). The Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) techniques was applied to quantify the sensitivity of single parameter and combination of parameters. Land use and land cover (LULC) transitions of the baseline period (2006-2016) was assessed with a model performance accuracy of 80%.

Biophysical and studies on the structure-function relationship of protein disulfide isomerase.

Human Lymphatic filariasis is caused by parasitic nematodes and Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a redox-active enzyme, helps to form and isomerize the disulfide bonds, thereby acting as a chaperone. Such activity is essential for activating many essential enzymes and functional proteins. protein disulfide isomerase (BmPDI) is crucial for parasite survival and an important drug target.