Evolution of tobacco pack health warning labels in India- a timely consensus.

Background: India, one of the largest consumers of tobacco, has seen a dramatic rise in tobacco-attributable deaths over the past three decades. Among proven tobacco control strategies, Pictorial Health Warning Labels (PHWL) are effective and cost-efficient, especially in countries with lower literacy rates. Despite global guidelines under the WHO FCTC and India's own COTPA legislation, implementation of PHWL has faced sustained resistance from the tobacco industry (TI).

A Review of Indian-Based Drones in the Agriculture Sector: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions.

In the current era, Indian agriculture faces a significant demand for increased food production, which has led to the integration of advanced technologies to enhance efficiency and productivity. Drones have emerged as transformative tools for enhancing precision agriculture, reducing costs, and improving sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive review of drone adoption in Indian agriculture by examining its effects on precision farming, crop monitoring, and pesticide application.

EDM-based analysis of Fe-based shape memory alloys using Cu-W electrodes with multiple output optimization and microstructural validation.

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are pivotal in diverse industrial applications due to their exceptional properties, including actuation, biocompatibility, and adaptability in aerospace, biomedical, and military domains. However, their complex machinability often leads to high costs and suboptimal surface quality when processed using traditional methods. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD), this study evaluated the effects of input parameters, including pulse on time (T), pulse off time (T), peak current (Ip), and gap voltage (GV), on material wear responses during Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM).

Comparing FIB-4, VCTE, pSWE, 2D-SWE, and MRE Thresholds and Diagnostic Accuracies for Detecting Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with MASLD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: To compare thresholds and accuracies of FIB-4, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), point shear wave elastography (pSWE), 2D shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), and MR elastography (MRE) for detecting hepatic fibrosis in patients with MASLD. : Systematic searching of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the gray literature from inception to March 2024 was performed. Studies evaluating accuracies of FIB-4, VCTE, 2D-SWE, pSWE, and/or MRE for detecting significant (≥F2) and/or advanced (≥F3) hepatic fibrosis in MASLD patients compared to histology were identified.

Therapeutic dominance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype constituting around 85 % of all lung cancer cases. Based on the cancer stage, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy are the main treatment options for NSCLC. In last two decades, significant advancements in the treatment of NSCLC have been achieved through the development of molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Revisiting the role of steroidal therapeutics in the 21st century: an update on FDA approved steroidal drugs (2000-2024).

Steroids are biologically active polycyclic compounds that have garnered significant scientific attention due to their distinct physiochemical properties and diverse medical applications. Since their invention more than 90 years ago, steroids have remained the most important and necessary class of regulatory molecules in the evolution process of living creatures and have fascinated scientists due to their broad-spectrum biological activities. Over time, scientific innovations and expanded understanding of mechanisms related to diversified biological activities of steroids have made them cheaper, efficient and more specific therapeutic agents which could be effective in the prevention and cure of numerous diseases like cancer, inflammation, asthma, microbial infection, and many more.

Perceptions and Beliefs About Obesity and Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Among Black and White Men.

Background: Although metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a safe and effective procedure to reduce severe obesity and is covered by most health insurance plans, utilization of MBS is significantly lower among men compared to women. This study identifies unique factors that explain men's attitude towards MBS.

Methods: The study survey (paper/online) included 129 Black and White men with severe obesity from metropolitan communities in Western New York.

PRIMO Monte Carlo Simulation and One-dimensional Gamma Index Analysis as a Tool to Validate Experimentally Measured Beam Data and Treatment Planning System Calculated Dose Distribution.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate experimentally measured beam data, and treatment planning system (TPS) calculated volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution using PRIMO Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and one-dimensional (1D) gamma index analysis.

Materials And Methods: The PRIMO code simulates the percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam profiles across varying field sizes in water phantoms, which were then compared with the ion chamber-measured beam characteristics using 1D gamma analysis. For the VMAT 3D dose distribution, the computed tomography scan of the anthropomorphic pelvis phantom was used for dose calculation and simulation in Eclipse TPS and PRIMO, respectively.

Impact of Cochlear Radiotherapy Dose on Hearing Loss in Carcinoma Oropharynx Treated by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Using Simultaneous Integrated Boost Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (SIB -VMAT).

This study evaluates the impact of reduction of radiotherapy dose received by cochlea on hearing loss in oropharyngeal cancer patients treated by concurrent cisplatin chemoradiotherapy using simultaneous Integrated Boost Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (SIB-VMAT). Sixty ears were evaluated in this prospective non blinded randomized trial. The study group (=30) was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using Image Guided Radiotherapy with Simultaneous Integrated Boost-Volumetric Modulated Arc technique.

Neuroprotective potential of 17-oximino-16-arylidene steroids: In vivo and in silico investigations.

Several recent literature reports indicate the strong neuroprotective potential of synthetic heterosteroids, still search for potent, safer and effective neuroprotective steroidal molecules continues. In the current study, a new series of 17-oximino-16-substituted steroids (1-8) has been evaluated in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease in mice and amyloid-β induced Alzheimer's disease in rats with an intention to discover an effective and efficient neuroprotective molecule. Behavioural studies followed by histopathological and estimation of the several neuroinflammatory biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxide, reactive oxygen, and nitric oxide species were carried out.

Transforming plant-based alternatives by harnessing precision fermentation for next-generation ingredients.

Global levels of critical food insecurity continue to rise as the projected population is expected to reach approximately 10 billion in 2050. Meeting the growing demands for food protein, improved nutritional quality, and environmental sustainability requires transitioning from animal-sourced products. Plant-based products have emerged as the most prominent and major alternative solution toward improving the current food production system; however, plant-based products come with their flaws.

Enforcement of COTPA in India- current status, challenges and solutions.

Introduction: The key for public health programs to succeed is their successful implementation to achieve the desired outcomes. For integrating legislative measures such as the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), which needs a component of enforcement, unless there is optimal engagement and empowerment of the assigned agencies, the outcomes are likely to be weak and incomplete at best.

Current Status: Enforcement of COTPA under the National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) has succeeded only partly despite the best efforts of State Tobacco Control Cells (STCCs) countrywide.

Recent Advances in Metal-Organic Framework-Based Anticancer Hydrogels.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and the estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths will be ∼30.2 million and 16.3 million, respectively, by 2040.

Proverbial economies of STS.

This article discusses examples from an extended family of aphorisms, stories, and themes that have circulated widely in STS and remain associated with the formation and integration of the field. Drawing upon Harvey Sacks's insightful remarks about features of everyday conversation, which he related to ancient practices in oral culture, we argue that familiar citation magnets in STS operate in many respects like proverbs, parables, and an extended family of neatly and memorably packaged viral articulations in ordinary language. After discussing the contingent production of proverbial truth, the article focuses on three well-known examples that combine memorable proverbs and themes with parables: Winner's account of the low parkway bridges designed by city planner Robert Moses to show that technology politics; Pinch and Bijker's concise history of the bicycle to illustrate the social construction of technology, and Star and Griesemer's viral two-word theme of 'boundary objects' as artifacts that sustain collaboration across organizational contexts.

Clinical Update on an Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidate CT1812: A Sigma-2 Receptor Antagonist.

Purpose: This review article summarizes the progress and latest findings related to the investigational drug candidate CT1812, which is currently in phase 2 clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The article outlines the development of this promising molecule and provides insights into its mechanism of action as sigma-2 receptor (S2R) antagonist along with the positive outcomes of various clinical trials. Literature mentioning AD therapeutics that specifically target amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers is limited even though these oligomers are established as the most neurotoxic forms of the Aβ protein.

Comparison of long-term clinical outcome after endovascular versus neurosurgical treatment of ruptured intracranial anterior circulation aneurysms: A single-centre experience.

Introduction: In patients with anterior circulation aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (aSAH), endovascular coiling is currently practiced more frequently than neurosurgical clipping. However, despite multiple previous studies, it is still uncertain whether coiling is favourable in terms of long-term clinical outcome.

Research Question: What is the effect of clipping versus coiling on long-term functional outcome of patients with an aSAH?

Material And Methods: All anterior circulation aSAH patients (2012-2015) treated with clipping or coiling in two hospitals in the Netherlands were studied up to five years after treatment.

Analysis of the treatment planning metrics and their correlation with morphology of intracranial lesions in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery.

Background: Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) has established a role in treating various benign brain pathologies. The radiosurgery planning necessitates a proper understanding of radiation dose distribution in relation to the target lesion and surrounding eloquent area. The quality of a radiosurgery plan is determined by various planning parameters.

Indanone: a promising scaffold for new drug discovery against neurodegenerative disorders.

Indanone is a versatile scaffold that has a number of pharmacological properties. The successful development and ensuing approval of indanone-derived donepezil as a drug of choice for Alzheimer's disease attracted significant scientific interest in this moiety. Indanones could act as small molecule chemical probes as they have strong affinity towards several critical enzymes associated with the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders.

Aerosol-PM2.5 Dynamics: In-situ and satellite observations under the influence of regional crop residue burning in post-monsoon over Delhi-NCR, India.

The increasing air pollution in the urban atmosphere is adversely impacts the environment, climate and human health. The alarming degradation of air quality, atmospheric conditions, economy and human life due to air pollution needs significant in-depth studies to ascertain causes, contributions and impacts for developing and implementing an effective policy to combat these issues. This work lies in its multifaceted approach towards comprehensive understanding and mitigating severe pollution episodes in Delhi and its surrounding areas.

Association between potentially inappropriate medications prescription and health-related quality of life among US older adults.

Background: Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are associated with worse health outcomes among older adults. Our objective was to examine the association between PIM prescription and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults in the United States using nationally representative data.

Methods: This was a retrospective study utilizing 2011-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data.

Solubility-permeability interplay of hydrotropic solubilization of piroxicam.

Objectives: In this research paper, an investigation has been made to assess the simultaneous effect of a solubility enhancement approach, i.e., hydrotropy on the solubility and apparent permeability of piroxicam.

Vascular compression syndromes in the abdomen and pelvis: a concise pictorial review.

Vascular compression syndromes are a diverse group of pathologies that can manifest asymptomatically and incidentally in otherwise healthy individuals or symptomatically with a spectrum of presentations. Due to their relative rarity, these syndromes are often poorly understood and overlooked. Early identification of these syndromes can have a significant impact on subsequent clinical management.